Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Research Articles

Exploring Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Hydrogen energy heralded for its environmentally friendly, renewable, efficient, and cost-effective attributes, stands poised as the primary alternative to fossil fuels in the future. Despite its great potential, the low volumetric density presents a formidable challenge in hydrogen storage. Addressing this challenge necessitates exploring effective storage techniques for a sustainable hydrogen economy. Solid-state hydrogen storage in nanomaterials (physically or chemically) holds promise for achieving large-scale hydrogen storage applications. Such approaches offer benefits, including safety, compactness, lightness, reversibility, and efficient generation of pure hydrogen fuel under mild conditions. This article presents solid-state nanomaterials, specifically nanoporous carbons (activated carbon, carbon fibers), metal-organic frameworks, covalently connected frameworks, nanoporous organic polymers, and nanoscale metal hydrides. Furthermore, new developments in hydrogen fuel cell technology for stationary and mobile applications have been demonstrated. The review outlines significant advancements thus far, identifies key barriers to practical implementation, and presents a perspective for future sustainable energy research. It concludes with recommendations to enhance hydrogen storage performance for cost-effective and long-lasting utilization.

Economic Prospects of Taxis Powered by Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Palestine

Recently, major problems related to fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have arisen in the transportation sector. Therefore, developing transportation modes powered by alternative fuels has become one of the main targets for car manufacturers and governments around the world. This study aimed to investigate the economic prospects of using hydrogen fuel cell technology in taxi fleets in Westbank. For this purpose, a model that could predict the number of taxis was developed, and the expected economic implications of using hydrogen fuel cell technology in taxi fleets were determined based on the expected future fuel consumption and future fuel cost. After analysis of the results, it was concluded that a slight annual increase in the number of taxis in Palestine is expected in the future, due to the government restrictions on issuing new taxi permits in order to get this sector organized. Furthermore, using hydrogen fuel cells in taxi fleets is expected to become more and more feasible over time due to the expected future increase in oil price and the expected significant reduction in hydrogen cost as a result of the new technologies that are expected to be used in the production and handling of hydrogen.

A novel fuzzy-prospect theory approach for hydrogen fuel cell component supplier selection for automotive industry

The burgeoning automotive sector is an energy-intensive industrial sector, amounting to 94 M tons of oil equivalents (MTOE). Owing to more significant environmental concerns, there is a dire need to transition the energy-intensive mobility space to sustainable mobility. In this direction, hydrogen is being researched as a potential alternative clean fuel for the automotive sector; however, in the context of developing countries, hydrogen fuel cell technology is at a very nascent stage. Various policies and research projects are underway to realize the shift, but they must be underpinned through a robust supply chain network. The selection of an optimal supplier is key to the development of a robust hydrogen supply chain network. To this end, this work proposes the selection of an appropriate supplier for supplying critical components for different research and development projects of hydrogen fuel cells. This is still a lacuna in the context of developing nations. To aid in addressing this issue, a novel TODIM (TOmada de Decisao Interativa Multicriterio) decision-making framework has been proposed to select the optimal supplier to supply critical hydrogen fuel cell components. Within the proposed approach, the linguistic evaluations provided by experts are modeled using a more generalized linear Diophantine linguistic uncertain fuzzy set that circumvents the algorithmic restrictions on the falsity and truth grades. The linguistic assessments from the experts were aggregated using the linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic power Einstein weighted averaging (LDULPEWA) operator. The power Einstein operations take care of the interaction between falsity and truth grades, which is important for the accuracy of the results. Finally, the TODIM approach was used to deduce the final ranking results. The proposed method considers the specialists' willingness to take risks during the decision-making process. Such a decision-making framework is still a lacuna in the domain of decision science. The supposed results were tested for their stability through sensitivity analysis. A past case study was solved using the proposed approach to validate the rankings. A comparison of the suggested strategy with the existing prominent decision-making frameworks was also carried out to clearly highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach.

Hydrogen Economy: Are we ready?

Hydrogen Economy: Are we ready?

Recent advances in hydrogen production, storage, and fuel cell Technologies with an emphasis on inventions, innovations, and commercialization

The future is bright for hydrogen as a clean, mobile energy source to replace petroleum products. This paper examines new and emerging technologies for hydrogen production, storage and conversion and highlights recent commercialization efforts to realize its potential. Also, the paper presents selected notable patents issued within the last few years. There is no shortage of inventions and innovations in hydrogen technologies in both academia and industry. While metal hydrides and functionalized carbon-based materials have improved tremendously as hydrogen storage materials over the years, storing gaseous hydrogen in underground salt caverns has also become feasible in many commercial projects. Production of “blue hydrogen” is rising as a method of producing hydrogen in large quantities economically. Although electric/battery powered vehicles are dominating the green transport today, innovative hydrogen fuel cell technologies are knocking at the door, because of their lower refueling time compared to EV charging time. However, the highest impact of hydrogen technologies in transportation might be seen in the aviation industry. Hydrogen is expected to play a key role and provides hope in transforming aviation into a zero-carbon emission transportation over the next few decades.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology

A hydrogen fuel cell generates energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen, making it a potential source of an electric power. The following paper presents the characteristics, operating theory, implementations, benefits, and drawbacks of the novel hydrogen fuel cell technologies available. It also covers the techniques for producing and storing hydrogen, which is the main fuel for a fuel cell. Additionally, a brief comparison of internal combustion vehicles (ICEV) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) is presented. The findings indicate that hydrogen fuel cell technologies have a general framework, a highperformance range of 40 to 60%, an optimal temperature range of 70 to 1000oC, and a reduced natural effect. At the end, a comparative study of five major power generating system is also performed.

Investigation of the behaviour of gold mesh electrodes in electrically controllable membrane electrode assemblies

Hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the key focus areas to facilitate the transition from carbon-based fuels to more sustainable solutions in the transportation and mobile power sectors. Transient voltage fluctuations due to load changes and even operation of fuel cells with DC/DC and DC/AC converters are detrimental to the lifetime and this paper proposes a method to deal with these fluctuations. Adding electric field modifier (EFM) electrodes made of gold to the membrane of a fuel cell was proposed elsewhere as a way to influence the short term flux of charge carriers through the membrane. While electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows a limited capacitance of such electrodes, experiments using square wave excitation of the system in the kHz frequency range show a promising reaction of the cell to this treatment. More in-depth analysis of the used electrode material reveals the need to insulate future EFM electrodes in order to prevent oxidative dissolution. However, this work shows that the principle of using EFM electrodes to manipulate transient oscillations is physically sound.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Revolution and Intervention Using TRIZ S‐curve Analysis for Automotive System Innovation

AbstractThe global energy industrial sector is focused on and committed to supporting clean energy usage and reducing or eliminating the emission of greenhouse gases by 2050. The most preferred technological energy source is the hydrogen‐based energy source of the future. This study investigates challenges in the context of technical and non‐technical perspectives using one of the tools under the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ). The TRIZ tool called S‐curve analysis helps assess the technological maturity of the hydrogen fuel cell at four stages: infant, growth, mature and decline, using specific indicators developed by the founder of TRIZ, Genrich Altshuller. The application of TRIZ expands the intervention strategies to successfully accelerate the development of hydrogen fuel cell technology towards the growth stage. Here, an S‐curve analysis application will be applied on the hydrogen fuel cell technologies patented in the selected country as a case study in automotive system innovation. The data of patent mapping can support the recommendations presented by TRIZ S‐curve analysis, and a proposal of intervention has been delivered to improve the growth of targeted country energy sectors through the strategic initiative of automotive technology evolution and revolution of the hydrogen fuel cell.

Optimal Capacity Determination of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Based Trigeneration System And Prediction of Semi-closed Greenhouse Dynamic Energy Loads Using Building Energy Simulation

Optimal Capacity Determination of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Based Trigeneration System And Prediction of Semi-closed Greenhouse Dynamic Energy Loads Using Building Energy Simulation

Understanding innovation of new energy industry: Observing development trend and evolution of hydrogen fuel cell based on patent mining

Technological innovation is important to further reduce the cost of hydrogen fuel cells (HFC) and enhance commercial availability. Technology patents hydrogen fuel cell play an important role in understanding the trend of technological innovation and future policymaking. By extracting patent data of hydrogen fuel cells from IncoPat database between 2003 and 2022, the knowledge map of hydrogen fuel cell technology was drawn in this paper based on the statistical analysis method and IPC co-category analysis method. The results shows that: (1) From the technology life cycle trajectory, 2003–2013 is the initial stage of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and 2014–2022 is the rapid development period of hydrogen fuel cells. (2) Through mapping the knowledge map of hotspots in the hydrogen fuel cell technology field using IPC co-category analysis, knowledge map shows 849 nodes and 6116 connected lines, and the network density is 0.017. (3) From the hydrogen fuel cell technology clustering map, a total of nine hot topics were formed in 2003–2022, namely H01M8/04089, C08J5/22, H01M4/88, H01M8/0228, H01M8/10, C25B1/04, G01N27/12, F04D29/58, F17C13/02. (4) 59 significant IPCs were placed in the hydrogen fuel cell technology domain from 2003 to 2022. Moreover, the hydrogen fuel cell technology evolution can be divided into three phases, 2003–2008, 2008–2018, and 2018–2022, respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Direct Operating Costs: Conventional vs. Hydrogen Fuel Cell 19-Seat Aircraft

In this paper, a comparative analysis of direct operating costs between a 19-seat conventional and hydrogen-powered fuel cell aircraft is performed by developing a model to estimate direct operating costs and considering the evolution of costs over time from 2030 to 2050. However, due to the technology being in its early stages of development and implementation, there are still considerable uncertainties surrounding the direct operating costs of hydrogen aircraft. To address this, the study considers high and low kerosene growth rates and optimistic and pessimistic development scenarios for hydrogen fuel cell aircraft, while also considering the evolution of costs over time. The comparative analysis uses real flight and aircraft data for the airliner Trade Air. The results show that the use of 19-seat hydrogen fuel cell aircraft for air transportation is a viable option when compared to conventional aircraft. Additionally, the study suggests potential policies and other measures that could accelerate the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell technology by considering their direct operating costs.

It's time for an update—A perspective on fuel cell electrodes

AbstractHydrogen fuel cell technology is gaining significant attention as a promising alternative for decarbonizing automotive vehicles. At the heart of hydrogen fuel cell technology is the electrode, composed of catalysts, supports, binders, and pores, which facilitates the half‐cell reactions and often governs the efficiency of fuel cells. Over the last decade, scientists have made great strides in discovering catalyst, support, and binder materials featuring unique nanostructures and compositions that significantly enhance the efficiency of those devices. While innovations must continue, we must not overlook how these materials are put together to form an electrode and how it impacts the overall efficiency. This perspective article discusses the urgent need for developing alternative electrodes for designing next generation hydrogen fuel cells.

Safety Assessment of Hydrogen Jet Fire Scenarios within Semi-Confined Spaces

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) technology poses great promise as an alternative to significantly reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector’s emissions. However, hydrogen fuel cell technology is relatively new, therefore, confirmation of the reliability and safety analysis is still required, particularly for fire scenarios within confined spaces such as tunnels. This study applied the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in conjunction with probabilistic calculation methods to determine the associated thermal risk of a hydrogen jet fire in a tunnel and its dependency on scenarios with different tunnel slopes, longitudinal and transverse ventilation velocities, and fire positions. A large-scale model of 102 m in which the effects of outlined parameter variations on the severity of the fire incident were analysed. It is found that both tunnel ventilation techniques and slope were critical for the effective ejection of accumulated heat. With ventilation playing a primary role in the ejection of heat and gas and slope ensuring the stability of the ejected heat, probabilities of thermal burns were found to be reduced by up to approximately 35% with a strong suggestion of critical combinations to further reduce the dangers of hydrogen tunnel fires.

Study on the Application of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Passenge Cars and Prospects

The increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources has driven extensive research and development in the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the advancements in hydrogen fuel cell technology and its potential application in passenger cars as a widely available, clean, and efficient energy source. By reviewing the current status of hydrogen fuel cells and national policies governing their implementation, this study aims to shed light on the development characteristics of China's hydrogen fuel cell industry, while also drawing comparisons with international hydrogen fuel cell policies and applications. Additionally, the article evaluates the performance of existing hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars in the market and proposes the application of future cutting-edge technologies to further enhance their capabilities. Through meticulous paraphrasing and enrichment, this scholarly work offers a comprehensive overview of hydrogen fuel cell technology, delves into the intricate landscape of the industry, and explores the promising prospects for its continued advancement. By encompassing a wide array of aspects related to hydrogen fuel cell technology, this article contributes to the academic discourse surrounding sustainable and efficient energy solutions for the transportation sector.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology: Benefits, Challenges, and Future Potential

Hydrogen fuel cell technology has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. The advantages of fuel cells over traditional power sources, such as reduced emissions and improved air quality, make them an attractive option for a range of applications. However, the limitations and challenges associated with fuel cells, including the cost of producing and storing hydrogen, infrastructure development, and safety concerns, must be addressed to realize the full potential of this technology. Continued research and development efforts, as well as government support and investment, are crucial in overcoming these challenges and unlocking the full potential of hydrogen fuel cell technology. As we move towards a more sustainable future, hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to play a crucial role in meeting our energy needs while reducing our impact on the environment. Keywords: Hydrogen, fuel cell, technology, electrode, Membrane, electrolyte DOI: 10.7176/JETP/13-1-06 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Impact of hydrogen cells on economic efficiency and the environment according to renewable energy standards

Purpose: The research goal of the work is to determine the levels of profitability of hydrogen cells and their impact on the environment. The authors of the article answer the question under what boundary conditions there is an economic justification for the use of hydrogen cells in various branches of the economy while respecting environmental regulations and standardizing energy production by the principles of a sustainable economy. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out using economic measurement model methods. These methods allowed the authors to calculate the market value of the investment with the assumed boundary criteria and to determine the economic effectiveness of the analyzed research problem. Additionally, the authors analyzed the problems of the widespread use of hydrogen in terms of its storage in technical, technological and economic terms. Findings: Research has shown that it is possible to obtain up to 7% by weight. hydrogen relative to the mass of the metal. Carbon nanofibers may become the material of the future for making hydrogen tanks. The use of fuel cells brings many benefits: simple structure and operation, neutral impact on the environment, and low noise level. Moreover, hydrogen fuel cell technology allows for efficient operation for a long time and the possibility of high momentary overloads, which allows for considerable scalability and wide application with economic justification. Practical implications: The presented models have shown that the project of their implementation is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational investment decision. Originality/value: The original contribution of this work is the implication of the data on real research models. This data allowed the authors to make calculations and indicate directions of improvement for the construction of innovative hydrogen cell solutions as part of the standardization of regulations on renewable energy sources in various sectors of the economy. Keywords: Hydrogen, hydrogen storage, fuel cells. Category of the paper: Research paper.

A multi-objective optimization model based on mixed integer linear programming for sizing a hybrid PV-hydrogen storage system

In this paper, a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to design a hybrid PV-hydrogen renewable energy system considering two objective functions; minimizing total life costs and loss probability of power supply. The decisions of the hybrid system include the number of PV panels, the number of hydrogen tanks, the number of electrolyzers, the number of fuel cells, and quantity of hydrogen stored over time. An exact method embedded in GAMS software is used to solve the developed model. The model is validated using an electrical testing lab in Saudi Arabia with hourly power demand. Different plans are chosen from the obtained optimal Pareto solutions. For example, one of the plans found that a hybrid system with 212 PV panels, 617 hydrogen tanks, 30 electrolyzers, and 21 fuel cells is sufficient to satisfy the electrical testing lab load with an annual cost of $61663, the loss of power supply probability is 10%, and the CO2 saving of 214,882 kg of CO2. The results indicated the feasibility of combining an electrolyzer, hydrogen tank storage, and fuel cell with a renewable energy system; however, the cost of energy generated is still high because of the high investment cost. Furthermore, the findings revealed that hydrogen technologies are appealing as an energy storage solution for intermittent renewable energy systems and in other applications such as transportation, residential, and industrial sectors. In addition, the findings demonstrated the possibility of using renewable energy as a source of energy, namely, in Saudi Arabia. However, weather conditions, geomorphological conditions, and climatic dependence on hydrogen fuel cell technology can harm the energy yields produced by renewable energy systems.

Hydrogen Fuel-cell Technology in Electric Vehicles: Current Usage, Materials and Future Applications

A conventional combustion engine results in high greenhouse gas emissions, so the world is transforming to clean energy and electric vehicles. Developments and applications of hydrogen fuel cells in electric vehicles (EVs) lead the world toward a sustainable future. Hydrogen fuel applies to fuel cells and generates electricity through electrochemical reactions. It is exceptionally clean because the by-products are water and heat, so there has no visual pollution from vehicles. HFC technology is not commonly used for now but will take place in many EVs. Some countries planned to apply it to electric power systems, railways and spacecraft fields. Currently, HFC uses platinum as the main catalyst material because of its stability, high efficiency, and good performance that boosts the hydrogen and oxygen reactions. It is the most reliable source and a perfect catalyst that is widely applied. Other catalysts such as carbon-coated nickel, nitrogen-carbon mixtures (MNCs) and transition metal nitrides (TMNs) all show good performance and have similar efficiency with Pt. These materials could replace platinum in the future because Pt has limited sources and higher costs. Also, the study has found that scientists use ruthenium graphene as a catalyst in hydrogen fuel cells. However, its effectiveness needs long-term monitoring. Although HFC is a clean technology, it has disadvantages, for example, hard for hydrogen extraction and storage, lacking refueling systems etc. Current technology limits development, and barriers exist, such as overwhelming H2 storage and delivery and some safety issues. Even so, hydrogen energy and HFC application are the future for EVs and others.

Decision Making on the Renewable Energy Penetration in Malaysia via SWOT-PESTLE Analysis: Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Technology

Malaysia is actively working to move towards renewable energy (RE) generation for sustainable growth. Hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) and solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) feature emerging RE technologies that can supersede conventional power generation performance. HFC and PVT utilize renewable resources, which are hydrogen, oxygen and sunlight, to produce electricity without compromising the environment. However, no in-depth evaluation has been conducted to assist the decision-making of Malaysia’s HFC and PVT technology penetration. This study provides decisions on the feasibility and viability of HFC and PVT based on the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threat (SWOT) and Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environment (PESTLE) analyses. Based on the SWOT-PESTLE analysis, PVT exhibits great potential in Malaysia’s RE portfolio compared to HFC. Technology readiness and social acceptance are the merits of PVT diffusion in Malaysia. Nevertheless, this preliminary decision entails validation from the industries and experts to underpin the shorthand assessment of the present work

On prioritization of hydrogen fuel cell technology utilizing bi-parametric picture fuzzy information measures in VIKOR & TOPSIS decision-making approaches

The present communication proposes a novel computational model for the assessment of hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) technology which provides an analytical framework for the decision makers. This model has been developed by considering the evaluation criteria, criteria weights and step-wise performance evaluation of HFC technologies for each criterion under picture fuzzy environment. A novel bi-parametric picture fuzzy discriminant measure has been proposed and utilized in the VIKOR and TOPSIS decision-making methodologies. The incorporation of bi-parametric discriminant measure gives additional flexibility and better comprehensiveness to the formal computational procedures in literature. A case study involving a group of experts, selected criteria indicators in context with HFC components, has been considered in order to show the step-wise implementation of the proposed integrated approaches. Finally, a comparative study and sensitivity analysis along with some advantageous remarks have been presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed contributions.