Hydrogen Energy Research Articles

Optimal scheduling of hydrogen storage in integrated energy system including multi-source and load uncertainties

Demand response (DR) is a crucial element in the optimization of integrated energy systems (IESs) that incorporate distributed generation (DG). However, its inherent uncertainty poses significant challenges to the economic viability of IESs. This research presents a novel economic dispatch model for IESs utilizing information gap decision theory (IGDT). The model integrates various components to improve IES performance and dispatch efficiency. With a focus on hydrogen energy, the model considers users' energy consumption patterns, thereby improving system flexibility. By applying IGDT, the model effectively addresses the uncertainty associated with DR and DG, surpassing the limitations of traditional methods. The findings indicate that in relation to the baseline method, the proposed model has the potential to reduce operating costs by 6.3% and carbon emissions by 4.2%. The integration of a stepwise carbon trading mechanism helps boost both economic and environmental advantages, achieving a 100% wind power consumption rate in the optimized plan. In addition, daily operating costs are reduced to 23,758.99 ¥, and carbon emissions are reduced to 34,192kg. These findings provide quantitative decision support for IES dispatch planners to help them develop effective dispatch strategies that are consistent with low-carbon economic initiatives.

Corrigendum to “Transient multi-objective optimization of solar and fuel cell power generation systems with hydrogen storage for peak-shaving applications” [Int J Hydrogen Energy (64), 25 April 2024, Pages 220–235

Corrigendum to “Transient multi-objective optimization of solar and fuel cell power generation systems with hydrogen storage for peak-shaving applications” [Int J Hydrogen Energy (64), 25 April 2024, Pages 220–235

Corrigendum to “Volatile fatty acids and ammonia recovery, simultaneously cathodic hydrogen production and increasing thermophilic dark fermentation of food waste efficiency” [Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 48 40 (2023) 15026–15036 HE-D-22-04953

Corrigendum to “Volatile fatty acids and ammonia recovery, simultaneously cathodic hydrogen production and increasing thermophilic dark fermentation of food waste efficiency” [Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 48 40 (2023) 15026–15036 HE-D-22-04953

Investigation of hydrogen storage and energy harvesting potential of double perovskite hydrides A2LiCuH6 (A = Be/Mg/Ca/Sr): A DFT approach

Investigation of hydrogen storage and energy harvesting potential of double perovskite hydrides A2LiCuH6 (A = Be/Mg/Ca/Sr): A DFT approach

Novel model reference-based hybrid decoupling control of multiport-isolated DC-DC converter for hydrogen energy storage system integration

Novel model reference-based hybrid decoupling control of multiport-isolated DC-DC converter for hydrogen energy storage system integration

Transient simulation of an integrated solar gas turbine equipped with hydrogen energy storage and hydrogen-fueled combustion chamber for continuous power supply

Transient simulation of an integrated solar gas turbine equipped with hydrogen energy storage and hydrogen-fueled combustion chamber for continuous power supply

Potential applications of innovative AI-based tools in hydrogen energy development: Leveraging large language model technologies

Potential applications of innovative AI-based tools in hydrogen energy development: Leveraging large language model technologies

Energy/exergy, economic, and environment (3E) analysis of the hydrogen energy production process

Energy/exergy, economic, and environment (3E) analysis of the hydrogen energy production process

Multi-objective optimization and posteriori multi-criteria decision making on an integrative solid oxide fuel cell cooling, heating and power system with semi-empirical model-driven co-simulation

An integrative solid oxide fuel cell combined cooling, heating and power system in green buildings with hydrogen energy of byproduct water enables carbon neutrality transformation. However, underlying mechanisms on capacity sizing of combined cooling, heating and power system devices and its impacts on system techno-economy have not been figured out especially considering dynamic degradation and efficiency of associated devices. In this study, a multi-software optimization platform is established by MATLAB-TRNSYS co-simulation for sizing parametrical analysis, with well balance of modelling complexity and computational efficiency. A self-sufficient combined cooling, heating and power system is modelled integrating with a semi-empirical surrogate model of solid oxide fuel cell to interact with other balance of plant types efficiently. Total energy efficiency and annual total cost are optimized through parametrical analysis on device size of each component (battery, electrolyzer and solid oxide fuel cell) and analysis of variance for contribution ratio quantification. Results indicate that, the size increase in electrolyzer and solid oxide fuel cell will improve system total energy efficiency by 13.635 % and 2.194 %, but promote annual total cost by 4.042 × 104 $ and 2.389 × 103 $, respectively. Besides, sensitivity analysis indicates that the electrolyzer size prioritizes other design parameters in techno-economic performance. Optimal sizes of battery, electrolyzer and solid oxide fuel cell are in cell number range of 333 – 403, 17 – 20, and 26 – 30, respectively, with corresponding optimal total energy efficiency and annual total cost at 70.861 % – 72.147 % and 6.723 × 104 $ – 7.325 × 104 $, respectively. The research results can provide guidance on hydrogen-based cooling, heating and power system design and operation with techno-economic feasibility for low-carbon district energy transition.

Dynamic modeling and simulation of a hydrogen power station for continuous energy generation and resilient storage

Dynamic modeling and simulation of a hydrogen power station for continuous energy generation and resilient storage

Development of HVAC Systems and Thermal Management of Small Leisure Boat based on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Propulsion

Development of HVAC Systems and Thermal Management of Small Leisure Boat based on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Propulsion

Transition Metal-Coordinated Polymer Achieves Stable Seawater Oxidation over NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide.

Seawater electrolysis has emerged as a promising approach for the generation of hydrogen energy, but the production of deleterious chlorine derivatives (e.g., chloride and hypochlorite) presents a significant challenge due to the severe corrosion at the anode. Transition metal-coordinated polymers have garnered attention as promising electrocatalysts for alkaline seawater oxidation (ASO), attributed to their remarkable chlorine corrosion resistance, high conductivity, and facile synthesis. In this study, we employ an anodic oxidation-electrodeposition strategy to grow NiFe-polyaniline on NiFe layered double hydroxide supported on Ni foam (NiFe LDH@NiFe-PANI/NF) as a highly efficient catalyst for ASO. We demonstrate stable ASO at industrial-level current densities (j) by employing a synergistic strategy that integrates NiFe-PANI, which offers resistance to chlorine-induced corrosion, and molybdate, which effectively repels chloride anions. In alkaline seawater, NiFe LDH@NiFe-PANI/NF requires 380 mV to sustain a j of 1000 mA cm-2, and it exhibits continuous operation for 500 h at a j of 1000 mA cm-2. Besides, the anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer consisting of NiFe LDH@NiFe-PANI/NF requires a voltage of 2.16 V to drive 300 mA cm-2. Notably, it can operate stably for 120 h, highlighting its potential for sustainable energy applications.

Catalytic Reinforcement in Hybrid Imidazole Functionalized Cobalt Phthalocyanine and Ketjenblack for Boosted Hydrogen Evolution.

Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as one of the cleanest forms of green energy due to its bio-friendly nature. One of the major issues is related to high production cost, which can be overcome by designing of effective catalysts . In this study, we report the synthesis of an eco-friendly, affordable, and highly redox-active tetra-imidazole functionalized cobalt phthalocyanine (TImCoPc) through a straightforward method. The electrocatalytic performance and conductivity of TImCoPc is further enhanced by forming hybrid with highly conductive Ketjenblack (KB) in various ratios. The 3.5:1.5 (TImCoPc/KB) composite exhibited excellent HER performance, with an onset potential closer to that of Pt/C and an overpotential (η10) of -108 mV, closely approaching the η-10 of Pt/C (-36 mV). Additionally, the optimized hybrid showed a lower Tafel slope of 44 mV/dec, higher turnover frequency of 3.66 x 10-10 mol s-1 cm-2 and mass activity of 4.121 A.mg-1, with an excellent catalytic stability, thereby proving to be one of the superior electrocatalysts for HER in terms of cost, methodology, activity and efficiency. The observed enhancement in HER activity of the hybrid can be accounted to the synergistic effects that reduce the metal ion's d-band center and improve π-π interactions between the hybrid components.

Estimating Hydrogen Price Based on Combined Machine Learning Models by 2060: Especially Comparing Regional Variations in China

Hydrogen energy’s economic efficiency is the key for China to obtain the goal of “carbon neutrality” by 2060. Different from the bottom-up methods and learning rate methods, this study estimates the hydrogen prices in China and typical regions by 2060 from the perspectives of economics and machine learning. The main factors influencing hydrogen price are determined from the perspectives of economics: hydrogen production, demand, and cost. A novel model is established based on combined machine learning models to predict hydrogen price. The hydrogen production is predicted based on the trained BP neural network model optimized by particle swarm optimization considering the uses of hydrogen. The hydrogen prices prediction model is built by applying a least squares support vector machine optimized by Bayesian optimization considering the hydrogen production, hydrogen demand, natural gas price, coal price, electricity price, and green hydrogen share. Moreover, the hydrogen prices in typical regions in China are compared with the average prices. The results show that the hydrogen price is estimated to decrease below CNY 12/kg and the hydrogen price in Northwest China will be lower than CNY 7.5/kg due to low electricity cost by 2060.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Metal‐Based Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Production

ABSTRACTThis study investigates global research trends on the catalytic performance of metal‐based catalysts for enhanced hydrogen production over the past 89 years (1935–2024) through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The research addresses the evolution of metal‐based catalysts in hydrogen production and highlights the most prominent contributors and driving trends. The study analyzed 32,987 peer‐reviewed studies identified through Scopus database. The search was conducted from September 1, 1935, to July 20, 2024, utilizing keywords such as “(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY ((“Ru” OR “Ni” OR “Fe” OR “Co” OR “Mo” OR “Pt” OR “Pd” OR “Cr” OR “metal catalysts*”) AND (“hydrogen production*” OR “H2 production*” OR “hydrogen generation*” OR “H2 generation*”))).” The analysis covered various aspects, such as countries, authors’ affiliations, prominent journals, research areas, and key terms driving discussions in the field. It also noted that researchers with fewer publications may have been overlooked. Bibliometric parameters, including publication counts, citations, total link strength (TLS), and collaboration networks, were examined. Results indicate a steady rise in publications, with significant growth observed from 2000 onwards. The most recent period (2019–2024) alone accounted for 55.6% of the total publications, with a notable 26.5% growth from 2021 to 2022. China leads in both publication volume and TLS, followed by the United States and the United Kingdom. The International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (IJHE) emerged as the top journal with 4653 relevant articles. The analysis reveals a shift in focus from early studies on iron and platinum to a more recent emphasis on nickel‐based catalysts and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). These findings highlight several challenges, including the need to improve catalyst efficiency, address scalability issues, and develop more sustainable catalytic materials. Future research should focus on advancing catalyst design, optimizing reaction conditions, and enhancing catalytic stability for large‐scale hydrogen production.

Recent Advances in Transition Metal Chalcogenides Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Splitting

Rapid industrial growth has overexploited fossil fuels, making hydrogen energy a crucial research area for its high energy and zero carbon emissions. Water electrolysis is a promising method as it is greenhouse gas-free and energy-efficient. However, OER, a slow multi-electron transfer process, is the limiting step. Thus, developing efficient, low-cost, abundant electrocatalysts is vital for large-scale water electrolysis. In this paper, the application and progress of transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in recent years are comprehensively reviewed. The key findings highlight the catalytic mechanism and performance of TMCs synthesized using single or multiple transition metals. Notably, modifications through recombination, heterogeneous interface engineering, vacancy, and atom doping are found to effectively regulate the electronic structure of metal chalcogenides, increasing the number of active centers and reducing the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates and energy barriers in OER. The paper further discusses the shortcomings and challenges of TMCs as OER catalysts, including low electrical conductivity, limited active sites, and insufficient stability under harsh conditions. Finally, potential research directions for developing new TMC catalysts with enhanced efficiency and stability are proposed.

Sensitive hydrogen detection using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy at 2.1 μm

Reliable hydrogen (H2) detection is essential for advancing hydrogen energy applications. In this study, we report a sensitive H2 detection method using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy. A distributed-feedback laser with fiber output was used to target the H2 absorption transition near 2122 nm. The optical cavity was constructed using two spherical mirrors, each with a reflectivity of 99.985%, providing an effective absorption path length of 2500 m. The Galatry line shape function was selected to accurately fit the narrow absorption feature of H2. Furthermore, we achieved a 1.74-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio by applying radio frequency white noise perturbations. The system's performance was demonstrated by measuring H2 mixtures across a broad concentration range from 1040 ppm to 20.24%. Finally, the Allan–Werle deviation analysis revealed a detection limit of 53 ppm H2 at an average time of 400 s.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Optimal Operation of Low-Carbon Island Microgrid with High Renewables and Hybrid Hydrogen–Energy Storage System

Hybrid hydrogen–energy storage systems play a significant role in the operation of islands microgrid with high renewable energy penetration: maintaining balance between the power supply and load demand. However, improper operation leads to undesirable costs and increases risks to voltage stability. Here, multi-time-scale scheduling is developed to reduce power costs and improve the operation performance of an island microgrid by integrating deep reinforcement learning with discrete wavelet transform to decompose and mitigate power fluctuations. Specifically, in the day-ahead stage, hydrogen production and the hydrogen blending ratio in gas turbines are optimized to minimize operational costs while satisfying the load demands of the island. In the first intraday stage, rolling adjustments are implemented to smooth renewable energy fluctuations and increase system stability by adjusting lithium battery and hydrogen production equipment operations. In the second intraday stage, real-time adjustments are applied to refine the first-stage plan and to compensate for real-time power imbalances. To verify the proposed multi-stage scheduling framework, real-world island data from Shanghai, China, are utilized in the case studies. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed innovative optimal operation strategy can simultaneously reduce both the costs and emissions of island microgrids.

Low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy system with carbon capture power plant and multiple utilization of hydrogen energy

In the context of “dual carbon”, in order to promote the consumption of renewable energy and improve energy utilization efficiency, a low-carbon economic dispatch model of an integrated energy system containing carbon capture power plants and multiple utilization of hydrogen energy is proposed. First, introduce liquid storage tanks to transform traditional carbon capture power plants, and at the same time build a multi-functional hydrogen utilization structure including two-stage power-to-gas, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen storage tanks, and hydrogen-doped cogeneration to fully exploit hydrogen. It can utilize the potential of collaborative operation with carbon capture power plants; on this basis, consider the transferability and substitutability characteristics of electric heating gas load, and construct an electric heating gas comprehensive demand response model; secondly, consider the mutual recognition relationship between carbon quotas and green certificates, Propose a green certificate-carbon trading mechanism; finally establish an integrated energy system with the optimization goal of minimizing the sum of energy purchase cost, demand response compensation cost, wind curtailment cost, carbon storage cost, carbon purchase cost, carbon trading cost and green certificate trading compensation. Optimize scheduling model. The results show that the proposed model can effectively reduce the total system cost and carbon emissions, improve clean energy consumption and energy utilization, and has significant economical and low-carbon properties.

Comparative Assessment of Hydrogen and Methanol-Derived Fuel Co-Combustion for Improved Natural Gas Boiler Performance and Sustainability

Faced with a global consensus on net-zero emissions, the use of clean fuels to entirely or substantially replace traditional fuels has emerged as the industry’s primary development direction. Alcohol–hydrogen fuels, primarily based on methanol, are a renewable and sustainable energy source. This research focuses on energy sustainability and presents a boiler fuel blending system that uses methanol–hydrogen combinations. This system uses the boiler’s waste heat to catalytically decompose methanol into a gas mostly consisting of H2 and CO, which is then co-combusted with the original fuel to improve thermal efficiency and lower emissions. A comparative experimental study considering natural gas (NG) blending with hydrogen and dissociated methanol gas (DMG) was carried out in a small natural gas boiler. The results indicate that, with a controlled mixed fuel flow of 10 m3/h and an excess air coefficient of 1.2, a 10% hydrogen blending ratio maximizes the boiler’s thermal efficiency (ηt), resulting in a 3.5% increase. This ratio also results in a 1% increase in NOx emissions, a 25% decrease in HC emissions, and a 5.66% improvement in the equivalent economics (es). Meanwhile, blending DMG at 15% increases the boiler’s ηt by 3%, reduces NOx emissions by 13.8% and HC emissions by 20%, and improves the es by 8.63%. DMG, as a partial substitute for natural gas, outperforms hydrogen in various aspects. If this technology can be successfully applied and promoted, it could pave a new path for the sustainable development of energy in the boiler sector.