Hydrocotyle Vulgaris Research Articles

Composition and Effects of Aerosol Particles Deposited on Urban Plant Leaves in Terrestrial and Aquatic Habitats

Plants play a vital role in mitigating aerosol particles and improving air quality. This study investigated the composition characteristics and potential effects of particles retained on the leaf surfaces of two amphibious plants (i.e., Alternanthera philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle vulgaris) in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The results show that plant habitats influenced the composition of aerosol particles retained on leaf surfaces. Specifically, plants in terrestrial habitats retained a higher mass concentration of coarse and large particles rich in inorganic Ca2+, accounting for over 70% of total ions, whereas plants in aquatic habitats retained a greater abundance of fine and secondary particles with high fractions of water-soluble NO3− and SO42−, taking up over 65% of total anions. Secondary particles deposited on the surfaces of plants in aquatic habitats tend to deliquesce and transform from the particle phase to the liquid phase. Terrestrial habitats facilitate the deposition of large particles. Additionally, particle accumulation on leaf surfaces adversely affected the stomatal conductance of plant leaves, leading to reductions in both the transpiration and photosynthetic rates. This study provides insights into the impact and role of plants from different habitats in mitigating urban particulate pollution.

Clonal integration facilitates the expansion of Hydrocotyle vulgaris from a limited space to a larger area

AbstractClonal integration is an important ecological advantage of clonal plants. To ask whether clonal integration can help invasive plants escape space limitations, we tested the hypothesis that it can promote the growth of apical ramets when their connected basal ramets grow in limited space. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on the common perennial herb Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets grew with basal ramets in three different sizes of pots (small, medium, and large) and apical ramets in large pots, and the connection between ramets was either severed or left intact. Pot size significantly affected the growth of basal ramets such that the biomass, number of leaves and flowers, and stolon length were in general greater in medium pots than in large and small pots when stolons were intact and were greater in medium and large pots than in small pots when stolons were severed. Furthermore, pot size interacted with severance to affect the performance of H. vulgaris. When the basal ramets grew in small pots, the intact stolon resulted in a significant promotion of apical ramet growth, but such positive effect was not found when the basal ramets grew in medium and large pots. Our results suggest that H. vulgaris is able to promote the growth of apical ramets to occupy the surrounding areas through clonal integration when the space where basal ramets grow is limited.

Response of different plants to ecological floating bed-microbial fuel cells: Decontamination and power generation

Screening suitable plants that can facilitate decontamination and sustainably harvest electricity plays a crucial role in phyto-power integrated with bioelectrochemical systems (BES). Here, four plant-integrated microbial fuel cell (PMFCs) were assembled to assess decontamination and power generation performance within micro-contaminated water. The results demonstrated the Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.-MFC exhibited exceptional performance, achieving optimal removal rates of 53.17% for COD, 88.35% for TN, 80.51% for NO3−-N, 98.56% for NO2−-N, and 99.89% for NH4+-N, respectively. The same tendency is observed for power generation performance. It is attributed that plant introduction could enhance the enrichment of the exoelectrogen in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the dominant functional bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Chloroflexi contributing to nitrogen cycle, autotrophic denitrification, and organic matters degradation were observed in PMFCs significantly more than that of single MFC. The present study could provide brandnew technique reference for micro-polluted water remediation in real-world scenarios.

Response of Functional Traits of Aquatic Plants to Water Depth Changes under Short-Term Eutrophic Clear-Water Conditions: A Mesocosm Study.

Aquatic plants play a key role in the structuring and functioning of shallow lake ecosystems. However, eutrophication often triggers shifts in plant communities and species diversity, especially in the early stages when the water is still clear. Additionally, water depth is an important factor regulating aquatic plant communities. We conducted a 50-day mesocosm study to investigate how water depth (50 cm and 100 cm) affected the functional traits (vertical expansion versus horizontal colonisation) of 20 aquatic plants under eutrophic clear-water conditions. Among the selected species, the submerged plants Hydrocotyle vulgaris and Limnophila indica exhibited higher plant height or biomass in deeper water, while the emergent plants Myriophyllum aquaticum showed the opposite trend. Additionally, Ludwigia peploides subsp. stipulacea exhibited better vertical growth than the remaining species, and the submerged species Vallisneria denseserrulata had better horizontal colonisation. There was a positive correlation between plant height and rhizome length, indicating the absence of a trade-off between vertical growth and horizontal expansion. Our findings suggest an overall resilience of aquatic plants to varying water depths within our study range and highlight the importance of analysing functional traits when selecting appropriate species in freshwater ecosystem restoration, particularly in the face of climate change-induced water depth fluctuations.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. (Araliaceae)

Hydrocotyle vulgaris is a perennial wetland clonal plant in the Araliaceae family, which was introduced to China as an ornamental plant in the 1990s. Although H. vulgaris is now considered a potential invasiveness species in China, it also plays a significant role in the remediation of water pollution. Here, we reported its complete chloroplast genome and analyzed the basic characteristics. The chloroplast genome was 153,165 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,072 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,291 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,730 bp. The H. vulgaris chloroplast genome contained 132 predicted genes, and its overall GC content was 37.60%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H. vulgaris was closely related to H. verticillata. The H. vulgaris chloroplast genome presented in this study will lay a foundation for further genetic and genomic studies of the genus Hydrocotyle.

Impact of Exogenous Indoleacetic Acid on Nitrogen Cycling-Associated Bacteria in the Rhizosphere and Eutrophic Water Surrounding Hydrocotyle vulgaris Lam

Phytohormones have the potential to enhance the nutrient removal efficiency of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment. Here, we investigated the impact of indoleacetic acid (IAA) on nitrogen removal by Hydrocotyle vulgaris Lam during the remediation process of eutrophic water. This investigation involved evaluating the biological indicators of H. vulgaris Lam, the nitrogen salt removal efficiency in eutrophic water, as well as analyzing the bacterial structure and function in both the rhizosphere and eutrophic water surrounding H. vulgaris Lam. The results indicated that surface-sprayed 50 mg/L IAA significantly stimulated the growth of H. vulgaris Lam, including parameters such as blade number, leaf area, petiole length, stem thickness, stem length, and root length of H. vulgaris Lam. Furthermore, exogenous application of IAA significantly accelerated the nitrogen removal of NH4+−N, NO3−−N and total nitrogen (TN) in eutrophic water by promoting the NH4−N uptake of H. vulgaris Lam and NO3−−N denitrification. These findings suggest a potential application for exogenous IAA to enhance the nitrogen removal of H. vulgaris Lam in eutrophication control.

Bioelectricity generation in plant microbial fuel cells: Influence of vegetation density and unsaturated soil properties

Plant microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) have promising potential in various geoenvironmental engineering applications such as green roofs, biosensors, water purification and soil remediation. However, the vulnerability of PMFCs to drought stress and the unknown interplay between bioelectricity, planting density, and unsaturated soil properties pose significant challenges for their applications. The research objective is to investigate the effects of planting density on bioelectricity generation under drought conditions. The research was conducted using vegetation Hydrocotyle vulgaris at four different planting densities in silty soil. Bioelectricity and unsaturated soil properties, including water content and suction, were monitored. The results indicated that moderate increase in planting density could enhance the power density of PMFCs up to 4.5 times. This is because of the increased availability of root exudates for microbial activity with increasing root biomass and decreased internal resistance by extending the soil pore space. It was also found that plant roots could affect bioelectricity generation by altering unsaturated soil properties, such as the air-entry value of soils and soil pore structure. However, high planting densities reduced bioelectricity due to increased internal resistance from roots occupancy and evapotranspiration-induced crack initiation. This research provides valuable insight into optimizing PMFC performance and sustainability.

Emerging technology effects on combined agricultural and eco-vermicompost

This study focused on the waste management of livestock manure and wetland plant residues and their increasing effect on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The benefits of nutrient-rich plants and manures are often overlooked. By conducting a soil column experiment with a fully factorial design, this work found that adding the vermicompost amendments of wetland plants [combination of Canna indica (CiV), Cyperus alternifollius (CaV), Acorus calamus (AcV), and Hydrocotyle vulgaris (HvV) vermicompost] to agricultural wastes affected maize growth throughout its growing season. The results demonstrated that the use of combined AcV and HvV wetland plant-based vermicompost as an organic fertilizer increased the plant total nitrogen (TN: 92% increase) and soil organic matter (SOM: 192% increase) compared with those in control CK. Meanwhile, the combination of CaV with HvV increased the shoot biomass by 3.4 and 4.6 folds compared with that in NPK and CK, respectively. Overall, a new approach for transforming ecological wastes into organic fertilizers was proposed.

Does genotypic diversity of Hydrocotyle vulgaris affect CO2 and CH4 fluxes?

Biodiversity plays important roles in ecosystem functions and genetic diversity is a key component of biodiversity. While effects of genetic diversity on ecosystem functions have been extensively documented, no study has tested how genetic diversity of plants influences greenhouse gas fluxes from plant-soil systems. We assembled experimental populations consisting of 1, 4 or 8 genotypes of the clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris in microcosms, and measured fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from the microcosms. The fluxes of CO2 and CO2 equivalent from the microcosms with the 1-genotype populations of H. vulgaris were significantly lower than those with the 4- and 8-genotype populations, and such an effect increased significantly with increasing the growth period. The cumulative CO2 flux was significantly negatively related to the growth of the H. vulgaris populations. However, genotypic diversity did not significantly affect the flux of CH4. We conclude that genotypic diversity of plant populations can influence CO2 flux from plant-soil systems. The findings highlight the importance of genetic diversity in regulating greenhouse gas fluxes.

Effects of nutrients and light in aquatic habitat on the growth of Hydrocotyle vulgaris when expanded from terrestrial to aquatic habitat

Many amphibious clonal plants in aquatic-terrestrial ecotones commonly expand from terrestrial to aquatic habitats. Nutrient availability and light intensity are both key factors affecting plant growth in aquatic habitats, but little is known about the role of nutrient availability and light intensity in aquatic habitats during the expansion of amphibious clonal plants from terrestrial to aquatic habitats, when clonal integration is maintained. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to simulate expansion from terrestrial to aquatic habitats of the amphibious clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris. We grew basal portions of clonal fragments in soil and connected the apical portions of the same fragments to water which subjected to three levels of nutrient availability under a low or a high light condition. High nutrient level and light condition increased the growth of the apical portions of H. vulgaris and thus increased the performance of the whole clones. Meanwhile, root-shoot mass ratio of the apical portions and the basal portions were higher at the high light condition and the low nutrient level. Results suggest that the relatively high levels of nutrients and light condition in aquatic habitats can improve the expansion of apical portions from terrestrial to aquatic habitats. Our results also suggest that maintaining clonal integration may benefit the expansion of H. vulgaris via the trade-off of biomass allocation which can optimize the utilization of resources. These results may provide theoretical basis for community dynamics prediction and vegetation restoration in the ecotones such as wetlands.

Co-contamination by heavy metal and organic pollutant alters impacts of genotypic richness on soil nutrients.

Co-contamination by heavy metal and organic pollutant may negatively influence plant performance, and increasing the number of genotypes for a plant population may reduce this negative effect. To test this hypothesis, we constructed experimental populations of Hydrocotyle vulgaris consisting of single, four or eight genotypes in soils contaminated by cadmium, cypermethrin or both. Biomass, leaf area and stem internode length of H. vulgaris were significantly lower in the soil contaminated by cypermethrin and by both cadmium and cypermethrin than in the soil contaminated by cadmium only. A reverse pattern was found for specific internode length and specific leaf area. In general, genotypic richness or its interaction with soil contamination did not influence plant growth or morphology. However, soil nutrients varied in response to soil contamination and genotypic richness. Moreover, plant population growth was positively correlated to soil total nitrogen, but negatively correlated to total potassium and organic matter. We conclude that co-contamination by cadmium and cypermethrin may suppress the growth of H. vulgaris population compared to contamination by cadmium only, but genotypic richness may play little role in regulating these effects.

Cadmium stress interacts with nutrient availability and light condition to affect the growth of Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

Heavy metal pollution is becoming a serious problem in wetland and often co-occurs with nutrient availability and light conditions variation. We hypothesized that nutrient availability and light condition can affect the growth of wetland plants under heavy metal stress. To test this hypothesis, single ramets of a common, clonal wetland plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris were grown for four weeks at three levels of cadmium with three levels of nutrient availability under 30% or 100% light conditions. High level of nutrient availability and high light condition overall promoted growth of H. vulgaris under Cd stress. Under the two light conditions, responses of H. vulgaris to Cd treatments differed among three nutrient levels. Under 30% light condition, 2 mg L-1 Cd2+ treatment decreased total mass at the low nutrient level and decreased ramet number at the medium nutrient level; 0.5 and 2 mg L-1 Cd2+ treatments decreased leaf mass ratio at the low and the medium nutrient levels. Under 100% light condition, 2 mg L-1 Cd2+ treatments significantly decreased total mass at the high level of nutrients; 2 mg L-1 Cd2+ treatment decreased ramet number at the medium and the high nutrient levels and decreased leaf mass ratio at the medium nutrient levels. Our results suggested that Cd stress can interact with nutrient availability and light condition to affect the performance of wetland plants such as H. vulgaris.

Effects of sulfate on the photosynthetic physiology characteristics of Hydrocotyle vulgaris under zinc stress.

The effects of sulfate on the zinc (Zn) bioaccumulation characteristics and photophysiological mechanisms of the ornamental plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris were explored using a hydroponic culture under three Zn concentrations (300, 500 and 700mgL-1 ) with (400μmolL-1 ) or without the addition of sulfate. Results showed that: (1) tissue Zn concentrations and total Zn contents increased with increasing hydroponic culture Zn concentrations; and sulfate addition decreased Zn uptake and translocation from roots to shoots; (2) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic pigment synthesis, while sulfate changed this phenomenon, especially for chlorophyll a under 300mgL-1 Zn treatment; (3) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic function, while sulfate had positive effects, especially on the photosynthetic rate (Pn ) and stomatal conductance (Gs ); and (4) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to light energy capture, transfer and assimilation were generally downregulated under Zn stress, while sulfate had a positive effect on these processes. Furthermore, compared to photosynthetic pigment synthesis and photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was more responsive, especially under 300mgL-1 Zn treatment with sulfate addition. In general, Zn stress affected photophysiological processes at different levels, while sulfate decreased Zn uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation and showed a positive function in alleviating Zn stress, ultimately resulting in plant growth promotion. All of these results provide a theoretical reference for combining H. vulgaris with sulfate application in the bioremediation of Zn-contaminated environments at the photophysiological level.

Plant-soil feedbacks in Hydrocotyle vulgaris: Genotypic differences and relations to functional traits

Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) may vary among genotypes within the same species and may also be predicted by plant functional traits. So far, however, it is still unclear whether PSFs can be correlated with plant functional traits across genotypes of the same species. We conducted a two-phase PSF experiment with a clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris. In the conditioning phase, we planted 12 genotypes of H. vulgaris separately in the soil. In the feedback phase, all these genotypes of H. vulgaris were grown again separately in each of the conditioned soil that was trained either by the same genotype (home soil) or by the other 11 genotypes (non-home soil). Most of the genotypes showed negative PSFs, as indicated by significant lower biomass and number of ramets in the home soil than in the non-home soil. However, there were also genotypes showing neutral PSFs as neither biomass nor number of ramets differed significantly between the home and the non-home soil or positive PSFs as biomass and number of ramets were higher in the home than in the non-home soil. In addition, we found a significant positive relationship between the PSF strength with lamina area, specific lamina area, petiole length, specific petiole length and internode length, but a negative relationship between the PSF strength and specific internode length. We conclude that the PSFs can vary among genotypes within the same species and negative PSFs are more common compared to positive PSFs. The results also highlight the role of plant functional traits in predicting PSFs across genotypes.

Effects of nutrient supply on leaf stoichiometry and relative growth rate of three stoloniferous alien plants.

Different nutrient supply brings about changes in leaf stoichiometry, which may affect growth rate and primary production of plants. Invasion of alien plants is a severe threat to biodiversity and ecosystem worldwide. A pot experiment was conducted by using three stoloniferous alien plants Wedelia trilobata, Alternanther philoxeroides and Hydrocotyle vulgaris to investigate effects of nutrient supply on their leaf stoichiometry and relative growth rate. Different nitrogen or phosphorus supply was applied in the experiment (N1:1 mmol L-1, N2:4 mmol L-1, and N3:8 mmol L-1, P1:0.15 mmol L-1, P2:0.6 mmol L-1 and P3:1.2 mmol L-1). Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in leaves of the three alien plants significantly increased with increase of nitrogen supply. With increase of phosphorus supply, nitrogen or phosphorus concentration of leaf was complex among the three alien plants. N:P ratio in leaf of the three alien plants subjected to different levels of nutrient supply was various. A positive correlation between relative growth rate and N:P ratio of the leaf is observed in W. trilobata and A. philoxeroides suffering from N-limitation. A similar pattern was not observed in Hydrocotyle vulgaris. We tentatively concluded that correlations between relative growth rate and N: P ratio of the leaf could be affected by species as well as nutrient supply. It is suggested that human activities, invasive history, local abundance of species et al maybe play an important role in the invasion of alien plants as well as relative growth rate.

Direct and legacy effects of genotypic diversity on population performance of Hydrocotyle vulgaris

Genetic diversity can have important ecological consequences on population dynamics and ecosystem functions and processes. While the direct effect of genetic diversity on population performance has been widely documented, its soil legacy effect has received little attention. To assess both the direct and soil legacy effects of genetic diversity on population performance, we conducted a plant-soil feedback experiment with 12 genotypes of a clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris. We first conditioned soils (conditioning phase) by growing populations of H. vulgaris consisting of 1, 2, 4 and 8 genotypes in the soils and then tested the soils (test phase) by growing populations consisting of all 12 genotypes in sterilized bulk soils inoculated with each of the conditioned soils at a volume ratio of 10%. At the end of the conditioning phase, both biomass and the number of ramets of the populations of H. vulgaris first decreased and then increased with increasing genotypic diversity, indicating a direct effect of genetic diversity on population performance. At the end of the test phase, both biomass and number of ramets were significantly higher when the populations were grown in the soils conditioned by the populations consisting of 1 and 2 genotypes than when they were grown in the soils conditioned by the populations consisting of 4 and 8 genotypes, suggesting a soil legacy effect. Therefore, genetic diversity can have both a direct and a soil legacy effect on population productivity and size of H. vulgaris. These results highlight the importance of intraspecific differences on population performance and suggest that soil legacy effects should also be considered to fully understand the role of genetic diversity.

Mixed culture of plants improved nutrient removal in constructed wetlands: response of microbes and root exudates.

Root exudates are determined by plant species configuration and affect microbial community, which in turn affect purification efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs). However, it is not well understood how plant configuration affects CW purification efficiency through specific root exudates. Herein, four mixed culture CWs were constructed; CW-G3 with Iris pseudacorus, Iris sibirica, Juncus effusus, and Hydrocotyle vulgaris showed the optimal diversity nutrients removal efficiency (TN: 94.2%, TP: 82.9%, COD: 74.7%). Highly increased antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) reduced photosynthesis-negative enzyme (malondialdehyde) activity of plants in CW-G3, which ensured oxygen (O2) and organic carbon (OC) production and successfully released to rhizosphere by well-developed root aeration tissues. Further, CW-G3 enriched higher abundance of genus Saccharimonadales and Flavobacterium, which benefited nitrogen removal. Moreover, as OC, higher contents of maltose in CW-G3 (6.6 ~ 11.1-fold of that in other three CWs), as well as lauramide, choline, triethylamine and urocanic acid contributed to microbial denitrifying. Differently, higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid) in other three CWs inhibited microbial nitrifying as inhibitors, which also proved by co-occurrent network. Thereby, plant configuration in CW-G3 provided higher O2 and OC contents for bacteria and reduced nitrifying inhibitors, which contributed to higher purifying efficiency. The study promoted the understanding about root exudates' effects on bacteria through plant configurations and improved the purification efficiency of CWs.

Light condition experienced by parent plants influences the response of offspring to light via both parental effects and soil legacy effects

Abstract Environmental conditions experienced by parent plants can influence offspring performance through parental effects induced by DNA methylation. The offspring can also be influenced by environmental conditions experienced by their parents via soil legacy effects due to plant‐mediated changes in the composition of soil microbes. These two effects are likely to act simultaneously, but empirical evidence for combined effects is limited. We conducted a two‐phase experiment with five genotypes of a clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris. In the first phase, we grew parent plants of each genotype under two light conditions (ambient vs. shade) and two DNA demethylation treatments [treated with water vs. 5‐azacytidine (5‐azaC)]. We then collected soils and clonal offspring for each genotype from each of these four treatments and measured soil (a)biotic properties. In the second phase, we grew the offspring from each of the four treatments in the four different soils, under the two light conditions. When grown under ambient light condition and in soil from ambient parents, offspring produced by ambient parents grew larger than offspring produced by shaded parents when the parents were treated with water. This difference was smaller when the parents were treated with 5‐azaC, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from shaded parents. The growth difference was also observed when the offspring were grown under shaded condition and in soil from shaded parents. However, this difference was greater when the parents were treated with 5‐azaC, and disappeared when the offspring were grown in soil from ambient parents. Moreover, offspring growth was associated with fungal composition and total phosphorus of the soil in which the parents had grown. Our results show, for the first time, that light condition experienced by parents can influence offspring responses to light through both parental effects and soil legacies. The parental effects were mediated by changes in DNA methylation and the soil legacies were due to plant‐mediated changes in a combination of soil biotic and abiotic properties. These impacts may eventually influence the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of clonal plant populations. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Hydrocotyle vulgaris derived novel biochar beads for phosphorus removal: static and dynamic adsorption assessment

As a promising adsorbent, the recovery and reuse of biochar was limited due to its light texture and poor precipitation characteristics. Herein, recyclable biochar beads (MBCB) were successfully prepared by compositing Hydrocotyle vulgaris derived biochar (HBC) and sodium alginate (SA) for phosphorus (P) adsorption from wastewater. The as-prepared MBCB showed high adsorption capacity for P, reaching 255.88 mg/g. Based on the analysis of equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics models, it can be concluded that the adsorption behavior of P by MBCB was spontaneous and exothermic, which was dominated by monolayer and non-uniform surface adsorption, and contains multiple physical and chemical mechanisms. Both Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models are well fitted to describe the dynamic adsorption behavior of MBCB in the column adsorption tests. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal efficiencies of P by MBCB still remained 87.06% and 84.06%, respectively. Overall, this study provides a recyclable and promising adsorbent for removing P from wastewater.

Study of Aquatic Plants and Relationship with the Abundance of Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in Anzali Lagoon, Iran.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i> </i>Aquatic plants are the main components of aquatic ecosystems. They play an important role in aquatic environments, reproducing and reconstructing stocks of all aquatic animals. In addition, some animals feed on aquatic plants. <i>Macrobrachium nipponense</i> is an aquatic species that use the aquatic plant as food and a place for reproducing. Therefore, determining the distribution of aquatic plants with the abundance of <i>M. nipponense</i> was essential for a better understanding of the aquatic plant roles in the <i>M. nipponense</i> life cycle. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this study, a sample of aquatic plants and <i>M. nipponense</i> during 2017 were taken. Identification and determination of dominant aquatic plants were made in the Anzali Lagoon. <b>Results:</b> The results showed floating macrophytes (<i>Azolla filiculoides</i>,<i> Nelumbo nucifera</i>,<i> Trapa natans</i>,<i> Hydrocotyle vulgaris</i>,<i> Hydrocharis morsus-ranae</i> and<i> Eichhornia crassipes</i>) and submerged macrophytes (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i>, <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i>, <i>Stuckenia pectinata</i> and<i> Potamogeton crispus</i>) were in all of the sampling sites. Canonical correspondence analysis explained 100% of the total variance that correlated with the number and weight of <i>M. nipponense</i> with aquatic plants. The CCA analyses showed the number of <i>M. nipponense</i> was more affected by <i>T. natans</i> and <i>C. demersum</i> while the weight of <i>M. nipponense</i> was more affected by <i>A. filiculoides</i>, Algae and <i>P. crispus</i>. <b>Conclusion:</b> The correlation between aquatic plants and <i>M. nipponense</i> showed a significant correlation among all aquatic plants and the number and weight of <i>M. nipponense</i>. That means all aquatic plant effects on <i>M. nipponense</i>. But <i>Azolla filiculoides</i> (0.96), <i>Trapa natans</i> (0.97) and Algae (0.97) had more correlation coefficients compared to the other aquatic plants.