Hydroalcoholic Fruit Extract Research Articles

Antiulcerogenic activity of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Pithecellobium dulce in different experimental ulcer models in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe ethnopharmacological importance of Pithecellobium dulce is evidenced by its traditional use for gastric complications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the gastroprotective activity and the mechanism of action of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of P. dulce (HAEPD) in rats by using chemical and stress induced ulcer models. Materials and methodsGastric ulcer was induced by administering alcohol (or) acetylsalicylic acid (or) hypothermic restraint stress to rats pretreated with HAEPD (200mg/kgbwt for 30 day). Volume of gastric fluid, pH, acidity, activities of pepsin, H+, K+-ATPase, myeloperoxidase, mucin content, nucleic acids, glycoproteins and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were assessed in gastric tissues. ResultsUlcer score was significantly minimized in HAEPD administered animals. pH and acidity of gastric fluid were significantly minimized and the mucin, PGE2 levels were significantly maintained in drug pre administered animals. The activities of H+, K+- ATPase and myeloperoxidase were found to be significantly elevated in ulcer control animals and found to be decreased in drug pretreated animals. The cell proliferation was found to be enhanced in drug received animals. The total protein bound carbohydrate to total protein ratio was found to be significantly maintained by HAEPD. The effects were found to be comparable with that of standard drug omeprazole. ConclusionIt is concluded that HAEPD possess a potent antiulcer activity probably by acting as cytoprotective and antiacid secretory agent.

Pharmacognostic study and anti – inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. fruit

ObjectiveTo study pharmacognostic evaluation and anti – inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (P. reticulatus) fruit. MethodsThe fruit sample was studied by macroscopical, microscopical and other WHO recommended methods for standardisation. The hydroalcoholic extract of ripe fruit was also screened for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced left hind paw oedema in rat at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, orally. ResultsTransverse section of fruit and powder study showed the presence of epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, fibres and sclereids. Hydroalcoholic extract of fruit showed significant (P < 0.01) reduction of paw volume when compared with diclofenac sodium. The extract showed anti – inflammatory activity at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and was comparable with diclofenac sodium. ConclusionsPharmacognostic profile of Phyllanthus reticulatus provides the simplest and quickest means to establish the identity and purity and thereby assure the quality of sample. The hydroalcoholic extract shows significant anti – inflammatory activity at both doses when compared with standard drug diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg).

Rosa canina L. Fruit Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Effects on Some Immunological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats.

This research investigates the possible potential of Rosa canina (RC) as an immunomodulator in rats and its effects on some biochemical parameters. In this experiment, 45 male Wistar rats were obtained and divided into three groups (n = 15). These groups received normal saline (10 mg/kg), RC fruit extract (250 mg/kg) and RC fruit extract (500 mg/kg) as oral gavages every day for a period of four weeks, respective-ly. After obtaining blood samples (at the end of each week), differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, phagocyte activity (number), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP) albumin and globulins levels of sam-ples were obtained. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the se-rum were determined only in day 28 of study. The radical scavenger activity (RSA) of the RC extract was measured spectrophotometrically. the gamma globulin level, neu-trophil and monocyte counts and phagocyte activity increased significantly in comparison with the normal saline group. ALT, AST and ALP had not significantly differences in compared to control group. RC extract significantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and also decreased GSH levels in comparing to control group in day 28. the data suggest that the RC extract has been used in traditional medicine might have immunomodulatory effects.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Pithecellobium dulce

This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of the hydroalcoholic fruit extract (HAEPD) of Pithecellobium dulce (Leguminosae). Albino rats were treated orally with 100, 200 and 500 mg kg−1 bodyweight (BW) of HAEPD for 90 days to assess its sub-acute toxicity. HAEPD at single doses of 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg−1 BW was also administered to rats to assess its acute toxicity. The rats were observed for physical discomfort, BW change and feeding habits. Pithecellobium dulce did not cause any abnormal changes in haematological or biochemical parameters. Pathologically, no gross abnormality in the tissue architecture was observed. The LD50 was found to be 3916 mg kg−1 BW and potential effective doses for efficacy studies are 100 and 300 mg kg−1 BW as the minimum and maximum doses, respectively. It is concluded that HAEPD can be used safely for experimental and clinical trials.

Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Cucurbita Maxima, Fruit Juice and Glibenclamide on Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats

Problem statement: Cucurbita maxima has been used traditionally in Mexico, China and India as antidiabetic agents. Approach: The present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of fruit juice and hydro-alcoholic extract of Cucurbita maxima for validation of its folkloric use. Results: Hypoglycemic activity was evaluated on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats at the doses of 100 and 200 mg kg-1 for 28 days. Blood glucose level was evaluated on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Oral daily administration of both fruit juice and extract led to significant decrease in hyperglycemia as compared to unfed diabetic control. High dose of both the treatment is more effective than low dose. Extract show more hypoglycemic effect than fruit juice. Conclusion/Recommendations: The result of this study scientifically proved the folkloric use of Cucurbita maxima as hypoglycemic agent. Thus the plant can be key contributor in alternative remedy in the treatment of diabetes.

Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Standardized Whole Fruit, Pulp, and Peel Extracts of Egyptian Pomegranate

Different parts of the fruit of Punica granatum L. family Punicaceae cultivated in Egypt were extracted and standardized to be assessed for their anticancer and antioxidant properties. An HPLC method was modified and validated for standardization using ellagic acid (EA) as a marker. The 50% ethanol was proven to be a better solvent for extraction than the 70% ethanol, as the 50% hydroalcoholic fruit extract was standardized to contain 5.9 ± 0.15 % total polyphenols compared to 4.4 ± 0.35 % in the 70% hydroalcoholic extract. The 50% hydroalcoholic extracts of the whole fruit, pulp and peels were standardized to contain 0.3 ± 0.05, 0.02 ± 0.01 and 1.9 ± 0.1 % of EA, respectively. The peel extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.9 mg/ml) compared to the other two extracts, as well as, a pronounced anticancer activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and HCT-116 colon cancer cells with IC50 values of 7.7 ± 0.01 and 9.3 ± 0.06 � g/ml, respectively. The standardized peel extract was formulated into capsules. Here we report the possible use of pomegranate peels, a biological waste product, to develop natural pharmaceutical preparations.

Possible attenuation of nitric oxide expression in anti-inflammatory effect of Ziziphus jujuba in rat

The hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) was investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect using acute and chronic models of inflammation in rat. Wistar albino rats of either sex were employed in the present study (n = 6). Acute inflammation was induced by subplantar administration of carrageenan (1%) in rat hind paw. Chronic inflammation was induced by interscapular implantation of a sterile cotton pellet (50 mg). ZJ extract as test drug and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) as standard were used. Serum nitrite/nitrate was also estimated to determine the expression of nitric oxide. In the acute study, carrageenan (1%) administration caused marked paw edema. Pretreatment with ZJ extract exhibited marked dose-dependent attenuation in edema compared to control. In the chronic study, interscapular implantation of sterile cotton pellets caused significant granuloma formation after 7 days, serving as control. ZJ extract significantly decreased granuloma tissue formation compared to control. The serum nitrite/nitrate level was significantly increased after 7 days in the control group due to chronic inflammation, but was decreased by ZJ extract. Moreover, phytochemical studies indicated the presence of jujubosides, flavonoids and terpenes, which may produce the marked anti-inflammatory effect of ZJ fruit in acute and chronic inflammation, possibly by inhibiting nitric oxide expression. The study provides a scientific and ethnopharmacological rationale for the therapeutic use of ZJ fruit as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Free radical-scavenging and H +, K +-ATPase inhibition activities of Pithecellobium dulce

The free radical-scavenging property and the inhibitory action on H +, K +-ATPase activity of aqueous (AEPD) and hydroalcoholic (HAEPD) fruit extracts of Pithecellobium dulce (PD) were screened in various in vitro models. HAEPD showed the greatest free radical-scavenging activity in all the experimental models. Further, HAEPD has shown a potent H +, K +-ATPase inhibitory activity and comparable to that of Omeprazole, the antiulcer drug. HPLC chromatogram of HAEPD was found to contain rich quantity of phenolic compounds and revealed the presence of flavonoids – quercitrin, rutin, kaempferol, naringin, daidzein. Thus HAEPD was found to possess a good antioxidant capacity when compared to AEPD. The study indicates that PD can be screened for antiulcer activity, since overexpression of H +, K +-ATPase results in gastric ulceration. So the free radical-scavenging and antiacid secretory activities of PD may be claimed for its traditional consumption for gastric complications.

Cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Juniperus sabina compared with hydroalcoholic extract of Taxus baccata and Cisplatin on normal and cancer cell lines

Isolation and identification of some potent anti-tumor compounds from medicinal plants, has motivated researchers to screen different parts of plant species for anti-tumor effects. It has been reported that several conifers posse cytotoxic activities on some human tumor cell lines. Previous investigations revealed that different parts of some species of Iranian Juniperus sabina possess cytotoxic effects on some human cancer cell lines. The potent compound of the species of this plant is podophyllotoxin, but active ingredients of other species are lignan, silicicolin called desoxypodophyllotoxin. In this study cytotoxic effects and IC50 of specific concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Juniperus sabina were compared with hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Taxus baccata and Cisplatin, as well known anticancer compounds on normal cell lines (CHO and mice fibroblast) and cancer cell lines (HepG2 and SKOV3). Hydroalcoholic extract of the plant were prepared by perculation. The cytotoxic effects and IC50 of the extract on the cell lines were studied followed by clonogenic assay after 72h incubation.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract in animal models

Ethnopharmacological relevance Fruits of Heracleum persicum (Apiaceae) are used as pain killer in Iranian folkloric medicine. Aims of study To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of the plant fruits and analyzing the essential oil. Materials and methods Essential oil and hydroalcoholic extracts of the fruits were prepared according to standard methods and the components of essential oil were identified using GC–MS method. The acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test were used in male mice to assess analgesic activity. For evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was used. Results Hexyl butyrate (56.5%), octyl acetate (16.5%), hexyl 2-methylbutanoate (5.2%) and hexyl isobutyrate (3.4%) were identified as the major constituents of the oil. Oral or intraperitoneal administration of Heracleum persicum essential oil (HPEO) at doses of 50–200 mg/kg and Heracleum persicum hydroalcoholic extract (HPHE) at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. HPEO and HPHE also significantly attenuated the pain response of the second phase of formalin test. In carrageenan test HPEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and HPHE at a dose of 400 mg/kg induced a significant reduction of paw edema. Conclusions These results clearly show the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action and the components responsible for these pharmacological effects.

Avaliação in vivo de Dentifrício Contendo Extrato da Eugenia uniflora L. (Pitanga) sobre Indicadores de Saúde Bucal

Objective: To assess in vivo the effect of using a dentifricevcontaining hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L. on the oral health i...

Antispasmodic Effect of Anethum graveolens Fruit Extract on Rat Ileum

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Dill Fruit Hydroalcoholic Extract (DFHE) on the rat ileum contractions induced by some known spasmogens and also to study the possible mechanism(s) involved. Dill fruit extract was prepared by macerated with alcohol (70). A piece of ileum (2 cm) was removed from male Wistar rats and mounted in an organ bath containing air bubbled Tyrode solution with 0.5 g initial tension and contractions were recorded by an isotonic transducer. The precontracted ileum by KCl,(60 mM), ACh (1 μM) and BaCl2 (4 mM) were relaxed by the cumulative concentrations (0.5-4 mg mL-1) of DFHE (p<0.0001). The relaxatory effect of the extract on the BaCl2-induced ileum contractions was greater than the other spasmogens. The spasmolytic effect of the extract (1 mg mL-1) was not reduced after tissue incubation (20-30 min) with phentolamine (1 μM), propranolol (1 μM), naloxone (1 μM) and L-NAME (100 μM). In high-potassium (120 mM) Ca2+-free Tyrode solution, cumulative concentrations of CaCl2 (0.225-3.6 mM) induced ileal contractions, however, the extract (0.5-2 mg mL-1) reduced these contractions dose-dependently (p<0.001). Present results suggest that the α- and β-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors and NO generation are not involved in the DFHE inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the results suggest that the relaxatory effect of DFHE on the ileum may be due to blockade of voltage dependent calcium chaannels. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Myristica fragrans. in Animal Models

The effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Myristica fragrans. Houtt. (Myristicaceae) was investigated on chlorpromazine-induced glucose and triglyceride elevations in male Swiss albino mice. After 7 days of oral administration, the extract, at doses of 150 and 450 mg/kg, ameliorated the metabolic abnormalities caused by chlorpromazine as evidenced by significant reduction of glucose and triglyceride (TG) levels (maximal effect of 41% and 53% reduction of glucose and TG, respectively, at 450 mg dose, p < 0.01). The standard antidiabetic rosiglitazone at 10 mg significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the TG (63%) and glucose (40%) levels in this model, while the standard antidiabetic glimepiride has exhibited 55% and 16% reduction in TG and glucose, respectively. In rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, Myristica fragrans. extract significantly reduced the elevated TG (47% reduction at 450 mg, p < 0.01) and cholesterol (66.7% reduction at 450 mg, p < 0.01), and also exhibited a reduction in hepatic TG secretion after tyloxapol administration. These data suggest that Myristica fragrans. extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid metabolism in animal models.

Bioactivity of extracts and isolated compounds from Vitex polygama (Verbenaceae) and Siphoneugena densiflora (Myrtaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effects of crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Vitex polygama Cham. and Siphoneugena densiflora Berg were evaluated on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith, a destructive insect pest of corn and several other crops. The extracts and fractions were incorporated into an artificial diet at 1 mg g(-1) and offered to the insect during its larval stage. Length and viability of larval and pupal stages as well as pupal weight were assessed. Isolated compounds were tested through superficial contamination of the diet at 0.1 mg g(-1). Weight and viability of ten-day-old larvae were determined. Methanolic and hydroalcoholic S. densiflora extracts caused 100% larval mortality, while leaf and fruit hydroalcoholic extracts from V. polygama were the most active. Among the isolated compounds, flavonoids presented the best insecticidal results, and tannins the best larval growth inhibition.

Protective effect of a 50% hydroalcoholic fruit extract ofEmblica officinalis against anti-tuberculosis drugs induced liver toxicity

The present report showed the hepatoprotective property of a 50% hydroalcoholic extract of the fruits of Emblica officinalis (fruit) (EO-50) against antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs-induced hepatic injury. The biochemical manifestations of hepatotoxicity induced by rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), either given alone or in combination were evaluated. In vitro studies were done on suspension cultures of rat hepatocytes while sub-acute studies were carried out in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of EO-50 was found to be due to its membrane stabilizing, antioxidative and CYP 2E1 inhibitory effects.

Studies on the toxicity of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) whole fruit extracts

Current investigation focuses on the toxicity evaluation of whole fruit hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), used in Cuban traditional medicine a.o. for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Previous findings on the anti-influenza activity of Punica granatum extracts has given support to the ethnopharmacological application. In our study, in chick embryo model, it was found that doses of the extract of less than 0.1 mg per embryo are not toxic. The LD 50 of the extract, determined in OF-1 mice of both sexes after intraperitoneal administration, was 731 mg/kg. Confidence limits were 565–945 mg/kg. At the doses of 0.4 and 1.2 mg/kg of extract, the repeated intranasal administration to Wistar rats produced no toxic effects in terms of food intake, weight gain, behavioural or biochemical parameters, or results of histopathological studies. We conclude that toxic effects of Punica granatum fruit extract occurred at higher doses than those effective in the models where the anti-viral activity has been studied or than those doses used in Cuban folk medicine.