Hydroalcoholic Extract Research Articles

The protective effect of hydroalcoholic Citrus aurantifolia peel extract against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity

Background and purpose: Doxorubicin chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for various cancers, including breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers, among others. However, long-term use can cause nephrotoxicity side effects. Some citrus flavonoids have demonstrated nephroprotective activity; therefore, this study aimed to test the nephroprotective effectiveness of Citrus aurantifolia peel extract in protecting and reducing kidney damage caused by doxorubicin. Experimental approach: Citrus aurantifolia peel was dried, ground, and extracted by ultrasonication (70% ethanol), then the extract was dried. Twenty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups including the normal group (control), positive control (doxorubicin) group receiving doxorubicin at the repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 4 mg/kg/day on days 2, 6, 10, and 14, and treatment groups receiving Citrus aurantifolia peel extract (CPE) with the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day orally for 14 days, and doxorubicin (4 mg/kg/day, i.p.) on days 2, 6, 10 and 14. On day 15, the rats were euthanized for the measurements of MDA, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, kidney function (measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin serum levels), and renal histopathology. Findings/Results: The CPE yield was 16.13%. CPE could significantly reduce the levels of MDA, and increase SOD and catalase activities compared with the doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxic model. CPE could increase renal function by reducing BUN and creatinine levels, increasing albumin, and improving the histopathology of the kidney. Conclusion and implications: CPE has a potential effect as nephroprotective against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in renal through antioxidant capacities and increased renal function.

In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Moringa oleifera Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract on Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Background. The market for wound healing biomaterials is a rapidly growing industry globally. Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a plant that has gained attention for its benefit in buccal mouthwashes and antiseptic products. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic potential of MO hydroalcoholic extract on human primary gingival fibroblasts. Methods. The gingival tissue was collected from a healthy adult male at Umm Al-Qura University Dental Teaching Hospital. Gingival fibroblasts were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). MO leaves were dried, powdered, and extracted with 80% ethanol. Various concentrations of MO alcohol extract were used to assess the cell viability of gingival fibroblasts using the MTT assay. Results. The gingival fibroblasts treated with higher concentrations of MO hydroalcoholic extract (10, 5, and 2.5 mg/ml) showed significant morphological changes, including cytoplasm swelling, ruptured cells, nuclear changes, and apoptotic bodies. At these concentrations, cell viability decreased sharply. However, at a lower concentration of 2.5 mg/ml, the cells showed better viability. MO alcohol extract at concentrations of 1.25 mg/ml or lower did not have cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts, with cell viability comparable to that of the control. Conclusions. MO alcohol extract at concentrations of 1.25 mg/ml or lower is not cytotoxic and does not induce dystrophic changes in morphology. Further research is needed to understand MO’s impact on oral health and to assess its potential use in oral care products in vivo.

Hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava plant and bone marrow cells: examination and analysis of effects

Hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava plant and bone marrow cells: examination and analysis of effects

Immunomodulation Induced in BALB/c Mice after Subacute Exposure to Hydroalcoholic Extract of Artimisia Dracunculus.

Tarragon, with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus, is a perennial herbaceous plant with a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties. In the current investigation, BALB/c mice were used to examine the immunomodulatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon (HET). Mice were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Artimisia dracunculus (HET) at two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 14 days. The host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity histopathology, hemagglutination titer assay (HA), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, IFN-γ and IL-4 levels produced by spelenocytes, and the proliferation of lymphocytes were assayed. HET at a high dose significantly could increase the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes compared to the control group. The lymphocyte proliferation in exposure to PHA significantly increased in the HET group at both doses compared to the control group, whilst this index in the presence of LPS increased significantly for the 500 mg/kg-HET group only. Moreover, in the HA and DTH tests, HET significantly increased the proliferation of lymphocytes as compared with the control group. Furthermore, HET significantly increased the amount of IFN-γ parallel to a decrease in the level of IL-4 in compared to the control group. Based on our findings, HET has potent immunostimulant characteristics. More investigation into tarragon's potential to be used in the treatment of disorders caused by a weakened immune response should be conducted.

Formulation and evaluation of ointment containing hydroalcoholic extract derived from the bark of Moringa oleifera for wound healing activity in rat model

Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a hydroalcoholic extract derived from the bark of Moringa oleifera in facilitating the healing process of second-degree burns wounds. Moreover, a comprehensive assessment was carried out on standardized M. oleifera bark to ascertain its physiochemical characteristics, botanical compound layout, and antioxidant activity, all of which play a crucial role in its capacity to facilitate the healing process of burns. Methods: For 14 days, the efficacy of ointments containing a hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera bark at concentrations of 5% and 10% was evaluated for treating second-degree burns in rats. Additionally, histological analysis was conducted on skin tissue samples. Results: The M. oleifera bark extract exhibited TPC (52.56 mg/gm of dried extract) and TFC (84.33 mg/gm of dried extract) value along with antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 0.98 µg/ml) for radical scavenging, in the presence of several phytochemicals. The most favorable outcomes were achieved using a 10% ointment composition, demonstrating a wound closure and tissue repair rate of 83.04 ± 0.89%, along with a noteworthy decrease in tissue oxidative stress indicators. Histological investigations have verified the wound-healing properties of M. oleifera bark extract. Conclusion: Due to its significant antioxidant properties and its capacity to create a moist environment for wounds, M. oleifera has the potential to serve as a natural treatment for burns. Additional clinical trials are recommended to validate the efficacy of M. oleifera bark extract as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.

Pharmacokinetics of Oleandrin Following Administration of a Nerium oleander Extract in Mice

Background. Nerium oleander Linn is native of Mediterranean regions of Africa and Europe, where it is used in folk medical practices. The whole plant is known to be toxic. Various studies have shown its antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Oleandrin, the main toxic component in Nerium oleander is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. Cardiac glycosides, including oleandrin, are substrates of P-glycoprotein. The presence of other inhibitors in the alcoholic extract may potentially modify the pharmacokinetics of oleandrin. Given the therapeutic potential and the associated toxicity of the alcoholic extract, it is important to investigate the kinetics of oleandrin within this extract. Purpose. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters in mice following oral and I.V. administrations of a hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium oleander. Methods. Pharmacokinetic investigations of oleandrin, a cardiotonic glycoside and main active compound in Nerium oleander, were conducted in mice following intravenous administration (30 mg/kg) and oral administration (150 mg/kg) of the hydrolcoholic extract of Nerium oleander. For the oral route, seven times were chosen for the mice sampling. Four times were chosen for the intravenous route. Three mice per group were used at each time point. In the excretion study, seven mice were housed in a mouse urine collection device and a dose of 150 mg/g was administered. A urine sample was collected after 48 hours. Oleandrin was measured by LC-MS/MS validated method. MS data were acquired in the positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Two deuterated internal standards, cocaine-d3 and digoxin-d3, were used. The retention times were 8.47 min for oleandrin, 4.78 min for deuterated internal standard cocaine d3 and 5,37 min for deuterated internal standard digoxin d3. Results. The equivalent doses of oleandrin administred to mice were 1710 ug/kg for the oral route and 342 ug/kg for the intravenous route. Oleandrin was rapidly absorbed after oral administration (Cmax at 10 min). The AUC0-inf (ug/L*min) values obtained after intravenous and oral dosing were 34797.7 and 107222 respectively, resulting in an oral bioavailability of 61.6 %. The apparent volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.55 L/kg and Clearance ClT was 0.01 kg* L/min.

Preparation of hydrogel from the hydroalcoholic root extract of Premna integrifolia L. and its mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for wound healing efficacy

The current investigation concentrated on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles through the root of Premna integrifolia L. The antibacterial and wound healing effects of their silver nanoparticles-hydrogel and root extract-hydrogel were evaluated. The hydroalcoholic root extract of P. integrifolia was enriched with crocetin, ferulic acid, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, syringic acid, and vanillin. The silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized through secondary metabolite-enriched hydroalcoholic root extract (5 %) when mixed with 1 mM AgNO3 and kept under sunlight for 10 minutes. They showed an optimum surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 447 nm. The aldehyde, phenol, and primary amine groups of the extract reduce silver cations into nanoparticles. The nanoparticles band gap of 2.06 eV showed their semi-conductance behavior. The nanoparticles were spherical, uniformly distributed, and stable. The nanoparticles had a good roughness profile and 57.55 % elemental silver. The silver nanoparticles-hydrogel (10 %) showed an efficient 11±0.11 nm zone of inhibition of S. aureus in comparison to the root extract-hydrogel (10 %), i.e., 9±0.15 nm. The nanoparticles-hydrogel and the root extract-hydrogel did not show noticeable symptoms of acute dermal toxicity. The nanoparticles-hydrogel (10 %) and the root extract-hydrogel (10 %) healed 99.9 % and 97.3 % of the S. aureus- infected wound, respectively. The nanoparticle-hydrogel efficiently induced re-epithelialization in the dermis of S. aureus-infected wound compared to the extract-hydrogel. The nanoparticle-hydrogel enhanced the rate of wound closure.

Rutin of Moringa oleifera as a potential inhibitor to Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase as revealed from the molecular dynamics of inhibition

Tyrosinase is a binuclear copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the conversation of monophenols to diphenols via o-hydroxylation and then the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones which is profoundly linked to eukaryotic melanin synthesis and fruits browning. The hyperpigmentation due to unusual tyrosinase activity has gained growing health concern. Plants and their metabolites are considered promising and effective sources for potent antityrosinase enzymes. Hence, searching for potent, specific tyrosinase inhibitor from different plant extracts is an alternative approach in regulating overproduction of tyrosinase. Among the tested extracts, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera L. leaves displayed the potent anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 98.93 µg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner using L-DOPA as substrate; however, the kojic acid showed IC50 of 88.92 µg/ml. The tyrosinase-diphenolase (TYR-Di) kinetic analysis revealed mixed inhibition type for the Ocimum basilicum L. and Artemisia annua L. extracts, while the Coriandrum sativum L. extract displayed a non-competitive type of inhibition. Interestingly, the extract of Moringa oleifera L. leaves exhibited a competitive inhibition, low inhibition constant of free enzyme (Kiiapp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{K}}_{\ ext{ii}}^{\ ext{app}}$$\\end{document}) value and no Pan-Assay Interfering Substances, hinting the presence of strong potent inhibitors. The major putative antityrosinase compound in the extract was resolved, and chemically identified as rutin based on various spectroscopic analyses using UV–Vis, FTIR, mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR. The in silico computational molecular docking has been performed using rutin and A. bisporus tyrosinase (PDB code: 2Y9X). The binding energy of the predicted interaction between tropolone native ligand, kojic acid, and rutin against 2Y9X was respectively − 5.28, − 4.69, and − 7.75 kcal/mol. The docking simulation results revealed the reliable binding of rutin to the amino acid residues (ASN260, HIS259, SER282) in the tyrosinase catalytic site. Based on the developed results, rutin extracted from M. oleifera L. leaves has the capability to be powerful anti-pigment agent with a potential application in cosmeceutical area. In vivo studies are required to unravel the safety and efficiency of rutin as antityrosinase compound.

Anatomic and Phytochemical Investigation of Herbal Tea Bags Sold as Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in the Market

Melissa officinalis L., an ethnobotanically valuable plant, has been used for the treatment of several diseases since ancient times. However, different plants with the same name are sold instead of lemon balm in markets that sell herbal products in Turkey. For this purpose, 15 different brands of tea bags in crushed form, sold as lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in markets, were analyzed. The total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of these tea samples along with the stomatal structure were investigated. Additionally, chemical compositions and rosmarinic acid contents were determined by the high-performance thin layer chromatography method. Among the samples examined, S1, S2, S9 and S12 tea samples were found to meet the eligibility criteria. The leaves of these samples had diacytic stomata and the rosmarinic acid ratio in their phytochemical composition was over 2%. Furthermore, caffeic acid was detected in these samples.

The Production of Marandu Grass (Urochloa brizantha) Extracts as a Natural Modifier of Rumen Fermentation Kinetics Using an In Vitro Technique

The ethanolic (EE) and hydroalcoholic (HE) extracts of Urochloa brizantha concentrations were developed with the aim of evaluating their effect on rumen fermentation using an in vitro gas production technique. The EE and HE presented 3.62 and 5.38 mg protodioscin/mL, respectively. Ten treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized factorial arrangement (2 × 4 + 2), where the main effects were two extracts (EE and HE) and four levels (50, 100, 150, and 200 mL of extract/kg of DM) plus two controls: one positive (25 ppm of monensin–MON) and one (with no additives–CTL). The extract treatments (EXT, EE, and HE) reduced colonization time by 33.59% compared to the MON. IVDMD (p < 0.001) and IVOMD (p < 0.0001) were negatively affected by EXT addition when compared to CTL. Additionally, EXT reduced the proportion of propionic acid and increased the proportion of butyric acid in relation to CTL and MON treatments. Both EE and HE extracts of U. brizantha were able to alter rumen fermentation kinetic, with HE showing a higher concentration of protodioscin. Further research is needed to optimize extraction methodologies, comprehensively profile secondary compounds, and conduct trials with varying doses to effectively assess the viability of U. brizantha extract as an additive.

Salvia elegans Vahl Counteracting Metabolic Syndrome and Depression in Mice on a High-Fat Diet.

Salvia elegans Vahl is a plant commonly used in Mexico as a remedy for nervous disorders, inflammatory diseases, and "ringing in the ears"; the latter can be associated with arteriosclerotic conditions and arterial hypertension. Therefore, based on medicinal use, this work aimed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract (SeHA, 100 mg/kg) of this plant and two fractions, ethyl acetate (SeFAc, 50 mg/kg), and obtained from SeFAc fractionation denominated SeF3 (10 mg/kg), on several alterations derived from metabolic syndrome (MetS) derived from the ingestion of a high-calorie diet (high-fat diet), in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice, leading to chronic inflammation that results in neurological damage such as depression. Therefore, several MetS-related parameters, such as forced swim tests, hypertension, serum corticosterone levels, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, adiposity index, and insulin resistance, will be evaluated. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured in kidneys, fat tissue, brains, and spleens. It was proven that all those S. elegans-derived treatments reversed the damage, showing antidepressant, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic effects and decreased adiposity, insulin resistance, and serum corticosterone. They induced a modulatory response by modifying the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in different organs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the acetate of ethyl fraction from S. elegans (SeFAc) fraction revealed the presence of rosmarinic and caffeic acids as well as flavonoids, while the fraction from SeFAc called SeF3 Was identified by gas mass as methyl glucose, glycerol, and known sterols, among others. Thus, it was concluded that S. elegans protects against the harmful effects of MetS.

Investigating the Therapeutic Property of Galium verum L. (GV) for MSG induced Audiogenic Epilepsy (AEs) and Neuroprotection through In-Silico and In-Vitro Analysis.

Audiogenic Epilepsy (AEs) is a subtype of epileptic seizure that is generally caused by high-intensity sounds. A large number of traditional medicines has been explored in this lieu where our study chased Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae), an herbal plant which is commonly known as Lady's Bedstraw, that contains a highly rich chemical composition including flavonoids (Hispidulin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol), and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, and gallic acid). G verum is well known for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, the unique role of Adhesion G Protein- Coupled Receptor V1 (ADGRV1) protein in the progression of audiogenic epilepsy has been explored. This study aimed to examine the potent phytoconstituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of G. verum L. (HEGV) using analytical techniques. Additionally, our study sought to evaluate the antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory properties, and antiepileptic potency of HEGV by targeting ADGRV1 via in silico and in vitro analyses using SHSY5Y cells. HPLC and LC-MS techniques were employed to identify the flavonoids, iridoids, and phenolic acid derivatives present in HEGV. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging assays were performed to confirm the antioxidant potential of the extract. Additionally, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed using AutoDock Vina software to analyze the possible interactions between crucial phytoconstituents of HEGV and ADGRV1, followed by cell line analysis. In the in vitro analysis, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed via cell viability assay, IL, GABA, and glutamate estimation. LC-MS and HPLC analyses revealed high concentrations of hispidulin, a major flavonoid found in HEGV. HEGV exhibited moderate-to-high free radical-scavenging activities comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Docking analysis demonstrated that hispidulin has a stronger binding affinity with ADGRV1 (Vina score = -8.6 kcal/mol) than other compounds. Furthermore, cell line analysis revealed that the MSG exacerbates the neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, whereas, HEGV and Hispidulin both possess neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antiepileptic activities. HEGV and Hispidulin proved to be promising candidates for treating audiogenic epilepsy by modulating ADGRV1.

Evaluation of Anti-arthritic Activity of hydro-alcoholic Root Extract of Moringa concanensis in complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Arthritic Rats

Background: Arthritis, a debilitating inflammatory disorder, has been a target for numerous therapeutic interventions. Natural plant extracts, especially those rich in phytochemicals like terpenoids, have demonstrated potential as alternative remedies. In this context, Moringa concanensis, a traditionally known medicinal plant, needs further elucidation regarding its anti-arthritic efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic potential of the hydro-alcoholic root extract of Moringa concanensis in a Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rat model. Methods: An initial phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis were executed on the hydro-alcoholic root extract of Moringa concanensis. Arthritis was subsequently induced in rats using CFA. Comprehensive assessments were made on various parameters such as body weight, paw volume, joint diameter, serum rheumatoid factor, serum C-reactive protein, ALP, ALT, total protein, total cholesterol, and urea. Additionally, histopathological studies of the liver and ankle joints were carried out. For comparative efficacy, methotrexate was employed as a positive control. Results: Rats receiving the hydro-alcoholic extract at dosages of 200mg/kg (p.o) and 400mg/kg (p.o) exhibited a notable reduction in the physical and biochemical indicators of arthritis, in comparison to the untreated arthritic model. Histopathological observations further confirmed that the anti-arthritic effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract were on par with methotrexate. Conclusion: The hydro-alcoholic root extract of Moringa concanensis exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity, possibly attributed to its terpenoid content. The findings advocate for its potential application as a therapeutic agent in managing arthritis.

Nephroprotective effect of Cansjera rheedii on Gentamicin induced Renal toxicity in Wistar albino rats

Purpose: To examine the effect of Cansjera rheedii in gentamicin induced kidney damage in rats. Material and Method: In this current study, rats in group 1 were used as the normal group and were given physiological saline. Rats of group 2 were injected with gentamicin [100mg/kg] via intraperitoneal injection. Group 3 was given gentamicin (100mg/kg, IP) together with oral selenium [2mg/kg]. Hydroalcoholic extract (HECR) of Cansjera rheedii leaves was administered orally to groups 4 and 5 in low dose of 200mg/kg and high dose of 400 mg/kg, respectively. Above treatments were given to rats over eight days. Blood serum and urine were collected on the 8th day to evaluate blood and urine biochemical parameters. Antioxidant parameters were evaluated using renal homogenates. Kidney sections were used for histopathological examination. Result: The renoprotective effect of HECR plant extract was evident at both low and high dose [200mg/kg and 400mg/kg]. This action maintains structural and functional integrity by preventing damage caused by gentamicin. This protection is attributed to the antioxidant properties of the extract.

Enhancement of Cinnamomum camphora magnetic nanoparticle bioactivities via carboxymethyl cellulose immobilization for potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment

A promising method for cancer therapy is the coating of magnetic nanoparticles with carboxy methylcellulose. In a research project, hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum camphora leaves was used to demonstrate the production of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs); MNPs were coated with carboxymethyl cellulose to form carboxymethyl cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs)were formed. Preliminary phytochemical screening of C. camphora confirmed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, and proteins. Phenolics 280.59 (mg/g), flavonoids 15.46 (mg/g), proteins 1.9 (mg/mL) and total carbohydrates 293.80 (mg/g) were all quantified. To confirm the formation of MNPs and CMNPs, UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used. Peaks were observed at 232 nm and 240 nm, respectively. The largest absorption peaks were observed in MNPs and CMNPs, respectively. The particles were spherical in shape and less than 10 (nm) in diameter. The potential scavenging activity of biosynthesized MNPs and CMNPs was evaluated by the ABTS and DPPH assays, and the inhibition values IC50 were 141.3 ± 3.0 and 61.67 ± 2.5 (µg/mL) for ABTS and 176.1 ± 4.0 and 70.92 ± 3.0 (µg/mL) for DPPH, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity test results showed that the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line had the lowest IC50 value of 20 (µg/mL) for CMNP, followed by the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with an IC50 value of 33 (µg/mL) for CMNP, indicating that the cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells is stronger than on liver cancer cells. Molecular docking studies have revealed that CMNPs target and bind to apoptotic protein, enhancing their bioactivity and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the induction of apoptosis may be responsible for the anticancer effects of CMNPs.Graphical abstract

The Effectiveness of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Fraction of Cucumis melo on Amelioration of High Fat Diet Induced hepatotoxicity: A Comprehensive Approach Integrating Computational and Preclinical Validation

The Effectiveness of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Fraction of Cucumis melo on Amelioration of High Fat Diet Induced hepatotoxicity: A Comprehensive Approach Integrating Computational and Preclinical Validation

Artichoke By-Product Extracts as a Viable Alternative for Shelf-Life Extension of Breadsticks.

The upcycling of agricultural by-products and the extension of the shelf-life of staple foods represent crucial strategies for mitigating the consequences of food losses and enhancing the competitiveness of the agri-food industry, thus facilitating the attainment of higher financial revenues. This is particularly relevant for global artichoke cultivation, where 60-80% of its biomass is discarded annually. The present study investigated the potential of using non-stabilized polyphenol-rich extracts from the main artichoke by-products (bracts, leaves, and stems) to fortify and extend the shelf-life of breadsticks. The incorporation of hydroalcoholic extracts at two addition levels (1000-2000 ppm) resulted in an increased antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of fortified breadsticks. Rheological tests revealed that the fortification did not affect the dough's workability, with the exception of the leaf extract. While a slight deterioration in texture was observed, the shelf-life of breadsticks was significantly extended, particularly at the highest levels of addition, without any visible alteration in their appearance. The stem extract demonstrated the most promising outcomes, exhibiting a maximum increase of 69% in antioxidant capacity (DPPH) and an extension of the estimated shelf-life by 62% in the resulting breadsticks, prompting the potential for utilizing them to develop nutritious and healthy snacks with extended shelf-life.

Selective Extraction Process and Characterization of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Pereskia aculeata Leaves Using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS.

This study innovates in comparing biological activities and chemical composition obtained from extracts and fractions from Pereskia aculeate leaves. Seven extracts and five fractions were produced by conventional successive solid-liquid extraction coupled with simultaneous bioguided purification using solvents of distinct polarities. A comparative analysis was conducted between these purified fractions and the original extracts to elucidate potential improvements in the bioactivity. The extract and fractions were evaluated using the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteau methods and HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS evaluated chemical composition. The fractions obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract showed better results, with the acetone fraction (Fr-Ace) exhibiting enhanced bioactivity, especially in the FRAP (1095 μmol of FeSO4/g) antioxidant capacity method. The results demonstrated that medium to high polarity solvents were the most effective in extracting bioactive phenolic compounds, with rutin being the predominant compound. The sequential hydroalcoholic fractionation (SHF) method extracted a greater variety of compounds, including vanillic acid and cinnamic acid, which were reported for the first time in P. aculeate leaves. The identified compounds by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS included flavonoids derived from quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol, phenolic acids, and their derivatives. Quercetin-3-O-xyloside, kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside, trehalose, feruloyltyramine, malyngic acid, pinellic acid, and 16-hydroxy-9-oxooctadeca-10,12,14-trienoic acid were identified for the first time in P. aculeata leaves.

Nutraceutical Valorization of Exhausted Olive Pomace from Olea europaea L. Using Advanced Extraction Techniques.

Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) represents the principal residue of olive pomace. Several studies have optimized the extraction of specialized metabolites from the EOP of Olea europaea L., but a comparison between different extractive methods has not been made. For this reason, the present investigation aims to compare four different extractive methods by using water and 15% ethanol/water as extractive solvents. Specifically, based on extract antioxidant activity, the methods compared were maceration (MAC), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). Between these, the UAE and ASE hydroalcoholic EOP extracts were demonstrated to have the highest antioxidant activity. Subsequently, these extracts were investigated for their hypoglycemic and antiradical activity using in vitro cell-free and cell-based assays, respectively. ASE hydroalcoholic EOP extract demonstrated the greatest ability to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme and an in vitro antioxidant activity comparable to N-acetyl cysteine in HepG2 cells. UAE and ASE extracts' phytochemical characterization was also performed, identifying seven phenolic compounds, including 3-hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and, for the first time, salidroside. The ASE hydroalcoholic EOP extract was the richest from a phytochemical point of view, thus confirming its major biological activity. Therefore, ASE and 15% ethanol/water may represent the best extractive method for EOP nutraceutical valorization.

Modulation of the Hyperglycemia Condition in Diabetic Lab Rats with Extracts of the Creole Jamaica Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) from the Morelia Region (Mexico).

Extracts from Jamaica flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa) from Morelia (Mexico) were evaluated as antidiabetic ingredients in a diabetic rat lab model for 80 days at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg extract/kg rat weight. The hydroalcoholic extract (water:ethanol 80:20 (v/v) at 50 °C) showed a TPC value of 403.28 ± 7.71 mg GAE/g extract, and an antioxidant activity of 0.219 ± 0.00003 mmol Trolox/g (ABTS) and 0.134 ± 0.00001 mmol Trolox/g (DPPH). The extract allowed reducing the diabetic glucose plasma levels under fasting conditions in a dose-dependent manner by 35.2%, 41.63%, and 50.1%. Additionally, the highest dose of the extract (600 mg/kg) slightly reduced the short-term postprandial glucose response while improving the long-term response, reducing hyperglycemia by 45.1%. The same dose also improved lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and LDL, while the HDL level increased. The improvement in glucose and lipid management in the treated groups also led to reduced levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, as well as lower insulin resistance (TyG index), compared to the diabetic control group. The results of this study suggest that extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa (Morelia) can be used as potential functional ingredients or nutraceuticals for managing the diabetic condition.