Hydrazyl Radical Scavenging Assay Research Articles

An endophytic Penicillium oxalicum isolated from Citrus limon possesses antioxidant and genoprotective potential.

This study aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from Citrus limon (L.) possessing antioxidative and genoprotective potential. Endophytic fungi were screened for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl,1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assayand maximum activity (79·70%) was exhibited by culture MP1 identified to be Penicillium oxalicum on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics. The ethyl acetate extract of MP1 was subjected to silica column chromatography followed by LH 20 column chromatography for purification of active metabolites. The partially purified active fraction of P. oxalicum MP1 possessed good antioxidant activity as detected using various assays. It also exhibited a strong DNA damage protection potential on pUC19 plasmid DNA treated with Fenton reagent. On exposure to active fraction of MP1 significant reduction (P<0·05) in nuclear deformities (like nuclear buds, micronuclei, nuclear ridges and binucleated cells) was observed in human lymphocytes pretreated with a toxic concentration of H2 O2 . In vivo genoprotectivity studies were conducted in fresh water fish Channa punctatus pretreated with a damaging compound 4-nonyl phenol. The active fraction of P. oxalicum MP1 caused a reduction of 94·7 and 66·60% in micronuclei and aberrant cell formation, respectively. A significant reduction (P<0·05) in tail length and tail DNA parameters was also observed in comet assay. The endophytic P. oxalicum isolated in this study has the potential to produce metabolites possessing antioxidant and genoprotective activities. The isolated culture can be exploited in the field of therapeutics by virtue of its in vitro and in vivo genoprotective potential.

In-vitro Re-evaluation of Antioxidant activity by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl Free Radical (DPPH) Assay in Medicinal Plants of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Medicinal plants are a major source of raw materials on the globe from ancient to present century for the traditional system like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. Even the modern system of medicine has more than 25 percent of drugs in use which are either plant based or plant products. In day to day life, particularly in India people are suffering from menacing health diseases from common cold to amnesia and poisonous snake bites. These diseases can be treated by using some herbal extracts from plants which has antioxidant activity. Medicinal plants like Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Lawsonia intermis, Murraya koenigii, Curcuma longa and Cuminum cymium belonging to different families play a vital role in day to day usage of different indigenous communities due to its sacred and medicinal value. Recently there has been an upsurge of interest in the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as antioxidants. In the course of finding potential antioxidant from plant source, six medicinal tree species belonging to different families has been selected. Leaves were dried and extracted with methanol solvent systems. Antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay, of six extracts from six genus of different families are reported and a comparison of the free radical scavenging ability of the extracts is emphasized. The highest percentage of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity is found in Azadirachta indica (81.8% of inhibition) which shows antimicrobial, anti inflammatory and anticancerous properties where Ascorbic acid (68.5 µg/ml) is taken as standard for comparison.

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND BIOACTIVES OF A COSMECEUTICALLY SIGNIFICANT CHLORELLA EMERSONII KJ725233

Objective : Gamma radiation induces free radicals with a corresponding alteration in the cell’s antioxidant defense system. The present study thus aimed at determining the role of gamma irradiation in improving the cosmeceutical potential of CEK in terms of antioxidants.&#x0D; Methods : C.emersonii KJ725233 was subjected to low (100 Gy) and high (1000 Gy) gamma irradiation doses and its effect on the chlorophyll content was evaluated. The quantitative alterations in the antioxidant content of CEK were evaluated by phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2, 2 - Dipheny-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Also, the corresponding qualitative alterations in the bioactives of CEK were determined by GC-HRMS analysis. &#x0D; Results : A 179.57±2.55% increase in the total chlorophyll content alongwith a 71.76±2.96%, 32.08±2.16%, 11.67±0.89%, 42.85±8.0% and 31.37±3.18% increase was observed in the TAC, FRAP, DPPH radical scavenging, TPC and TFC was observed in CEK irradiated at 1000 Gy. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the induction of Vitamin E on irradiation at both the doses with a corresponding decrease in the phytol content whereas 100 Gy stimulated the induction of phytosterols.&#x0D; Conclusion : The potent intrinsic antioxidant activity of cosmeceutically significant CEK can be elevated with the induction of the most sought after antioxidant in cosmetology – Vitamin E on irradiation.

PHYTOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING HYGROPHILA AURICULATA LEAF EXTRACT AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

Objective: In this study, the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extracts of Hygrophila auriculata (HA) and their biological activities was investigated.Methods: The synthesis of AgNPs was done by using the green synthetic method and analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial activity of HA AgNPs was studied by agar well diffusion method and micro broth dilution method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antioxidant potentials of HA AgNPs were detected by Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power assay.Results: The prepared HA AgNPs showed characteristic absorption peak at 420 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. FTIR spectra had shown that the biomolecules present in leaf extract were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. XRD study showed the particles found to be crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. TEM and DLS results revealed that the AgNPs were mostly spherical with an average size ranging from ~15-115 nm with a mean diameter of 40.96 nm. The HA AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity and MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacillus cereus (NCIM 2106), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). In agar well diffusion method, the maximum zone of inhibition was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) with 18 mm and minimum zone of inhibition was found to be against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) with 13 mm. The MIC of the HA AgNp was found to be 5µg against all the test organisms. In addition, the Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), Phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power assay revealed they can be used as the potential scavenger against deleterious damages caused by the free radicals.Conclusion: The present study explored that Hygrophila auriculata which are efficient producers of AgNPs and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities. These findings encourage studying HA AgNP further for their potential biological applications.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as promising anti-inflammatory agents

A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. Molecular docking simulation studies onto the proteins cyclooxygenase-1 (PDB: 1CQE) and cyclooxygenase-2 (PDB: 3LN1) to visualize the probable binding affinity towards anti-inflammatory importance and in silico studies, towards their appreciable ADME & probable toxicity property were screened. The best-ranked molecules; N-((5-substituted-1,3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (5a–5j) were synthesized from 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)acetohydrazide (4) on reaction with aryl/heteroaryl/aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives via acid catalyzed dehydrative cyclization. N-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (5k) was synthesized by base catalyzed condensation of hydrazide derivative 4 and with carbon disulfide. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized and established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass studies. The 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant property by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay method and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema method. The radical scavenging activity indicated that the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles at 25 µM test concentration exhibited significant radical scavenging property ranging from 32.0 to 87.3 % in comparison to 76.0 % radical scavenging activity obtained for the reference drug, ascorbic acid. The results of the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity highlighted that the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles at 25 mg Kg−1 test dose exhibited significant edema inhibition with a mean value ranging from 23.6 to 82.3 % in comparison to 48.3 % edema inhibition obtained for the reference drug, indomethacin. The compound 5h with mean edema inhibition value of 82.3 % and potent among the series was further evaluated for in vitro COX inhibition and was found to more selective towards COX-2. The acute ulcerogenic evaluation of compound 5h indicated it to be safe at the dose of 50 mg Kg−1.

Phytochemical and antioxidant evaluation of &lt;i&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/i&gt; (Moringaceae) leaf and seed

Moringa oleifera , a plant with a wide range of medicinal, nutritional and economic benefits was examined for phytochemicals and evaluated for antioxidant activities. Phytochemical tests, total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined using standard procedures. Antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts and fractions were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The leaf and seed contained alkaloids, saponins, phenols and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf contained significantly (P < 0.05) more phenol (78.67 ± 3.40 mgGAE/g Extract) than the crude extract and petroleum ether fraction with total phenolic content of 58.00 ± 1.00 and 26.17 ± 3.88 mg GAE/g Extract respectively while the seed extract had a total phenol content of 17.67 ± 2.02 mg GAE/g Extract. The petroleum ether fraction of the leaf was found to contain significantly (P < 0.05) more flavonoid (161.33 ± 19.05 mgQE/g Extract) than the other samples (31.73 ± 2.66, 30.20 ± 10.14 and 20.73 ± 4.16 mgQE/g Extract for the crude leaf extract, leaf petroleum ether fraction and seed extract respectively). The leaf and seed extracts exhibited remarkable and concentration-dependent increase in radical scavenging activities with IC50 values ranging from 5.72-42.56 μg/mL. The results therefore support the use of Moringa oleifera as a natural plant antioxidant by preventing free radical damage. Keywords : Moringa oleifera ; Antioxidant; Phytochemical, Free radical

Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Ceiba pentandra (Kapok) Seed Oil

Background: Ceiba pentandra seeds belonging to order Malvalea and the family Malvaceae, commonly known Kapok were evaluated for their phytochemical ingredients and antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: Soxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of Ceiba pentandra seed oil was estimated by well-known methods. Results: The seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The oil was thick yellowish in colour having pungent odour with a yield of 40%. Phytochemical constituents and non enzymatic antioxidants showed enhancement in increasing concentration from 25 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL. At 100 mg/mL recorded phytochemical components phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins were 305 μg gallic acid equivalents g-1, 3207 μg quercetin equivalents g-1, 0.34 μg boldine equivalents g-1 and 2041 μg tannic acid equivalents g-1 respectively. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing or Antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The measured DPPH activity at 100 mg/mL was 47.56% of inhibition per 50 μL of oil as compared to 45 and 76% of inhibition per 1 mg/mL of Rutin and BHT as positive controls. Observed FRAP ability of Ceiba pentandra seed oil was 309 FRAP units at 100 mg/mL concentration, reducing activity of Ceiba pentandra seed oil was observed at 100 mg/ mL as 20.52 μg of ascorbic acid equivalents per mL of oil. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity of Ceiba pentandra seed oil observed as 39.69% inhibition/0.1 of oil at 100 mg/mL, as compared to positive controls, Ascorbic acid and BHT at 1 mg/mL with percentage of inhibition 75 and 75.6 respectively. Conclusion: The importance of the phytochemical constituents and non-enzymatic activities of Ceiba pentandra seed oil in the maintenance of health is strengthened as trend of the future is moving towards using seed oil as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Analysis of Brassica juncea Seeds

Introduction: Brassica juncea is an economically important plant that has been well-known in India for centuries for its medicinal and nutritive values. The broad spectrum of benefi cial effects of the seeds perceived with this plant warrants further exploration of B. juncea seeds as a potential source for obtaining pharmacologically standardized phytotherapeutics, which could be potentially useful. The objective of the present study was to perform the pharmacognosy of mustards seeds inclusive of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, fi ngerprinting by infrared spectroscopy and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis and toxicity assessment in vitro. Methods: Different sections of seeds were taken and stained with 0.1% phloroglucinol for microscopic examination. The seeds were extracted by 80% alcohol on a rotary shaker to perform phytochemical analysis and fi ngerprinting. The toxicity assessment of this extract was performed on human dermal fi broblast cells. Results: Microscopic examination of seeds showed characteristic features of mustard seeds. The extraction of these seeds by 80% alcohol resulted in IC 50 value of 103 ± 3 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The fi ngerprinting analysis of this extract indicated probable presence of sinigrin, quercetin, vanillin, catechin, vitamin E and sulfur-containing compounds. This extract exhibited 50% toxicity (IC 50 ) at 1.79 mg/mL. Conclusion: The result achieved will be used to assess the therapeutic effi cacy of seed extracts for future pharmacological evaluations.

Antioxidant and gas chromatographic analysis of five varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus) seed oils

BackgroundThe present effort was to evaluate antioxidant activities and lipid profiling of five varieties of seed oils of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integrifolia, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus incisus, and Artocarpus integer), one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India. Materials and methodsSoxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, antioxidant activities estimated by well-known methods together with, fatty acid composition of jackfruit seed oils were determined with Gas Chromatography. ResultsThe seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), ferric reducing or antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Fatty acid profile was analyzed by comparing retention times of gas chromatogram peaks of test seed oils with that of retention times of the authentic standards. ConclusionArtocarpus seed oils show signs of remarkable antioxidant properties and as priceless food in providing essential fatty acids and its antioxidant activities supportive in the maintenance of health and as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihemolytic Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Allium scabriscapum Boiss. & Ky. Aerial Parts and Bulbs

This study is designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Allium scabriscapum aerial parts and bulbs by employing eight in vitro assay systems. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay, both the extracts show moderate scavenging activity. The reducing power ability of extracts increased with increasing in the samples concentrations. IC50 for metal chelating activity of aerial parts and bulbs extracts were 894.6 ± 31.29 and 746.2 ± 26.11 μg mL−1, respectively. The aerial part extracts show better nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities than the bulb. Extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion system and were comparable to vitamin C (p > 0.05). Aerial parts extract showed better antihemolytic activity against cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide-induced hemolysis. Among the extracts A. scabriscapum, aerial parts had higher phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Phenolic contents and antioxidant properties from aerial parts of achyranthes coynei sant

Aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Achyranthes coynei; an endemic plant used in treatment of several diseases in the same lines that of Achyranthes aspera by traditional practitioners of Belgaum region. Efficiency of extraction methods was studied for aerial parts (leaves, stem, and inflorescence) extracted in methanol using continuous shaking, microwave assisted and ultra sonic extraction technique, by exposing it for different time period. Total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Extracts of A. coynei revealed highest yield of total phenolic content in continuous shaking method compared to other methods. Significantly higher amount of phenolic content (467.07±23.35 tannic acid equivalent and 360.83±18.04 caffic acid equivalent mg/100 g FW) was estimated at 360 min of continuous shaking extraction. In 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, inflorescence and leaf showed highest potential activity, respectively. Stem extracts showed lower yield of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Results also showed 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging assay had significant correlation with total phenolic content. This is first report of total phenolic content and antioxidant studies in A. coynei.

P/922. The radiation chemistryof fluorinated organic compounds: P.Y. Feng (U.S.A.)

The present effort was to evaluate antioxidant activities and lipid profiling of five varieties of seed oils of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integrifolia, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus incisus, and Artocarpus integer), one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India.Soxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, antioxidant activities estimated by well-known methods together with, fatty acid composition of jackfruit seed oils were determined with Gas Chromatography.The seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), ferric reducing or antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Fatty acid profile was analyzed by comparing retention times of gas chromatogram peaks of test seed oils with that of retention times of the authentic standards.Artocarpus seed oils show signs of remarkable antioxidant properties and as priceless food in providing essential fatty acids and its antioxidant activities supportive in the maintenance of health and as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.