Hydraulic Samples Research Articles

Eficiência e qualidade da amostragem do solo de acordo com a ferramenta de amostragem

ABSTRACT Soil sampling is a fundamental stage for recommending agricultural correctives and fertilizers, estimating the nutritional demands of plants, and consequently maximizing productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the performance of three soil samplers in different management systems in terms of sample quality and operational efficiency. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a factorial scheme. Three samplers and two sampling depths (3 × 2) were used with four replicates. At each sampling location, eight single samples were taken at a varying sampling depth of 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m, and the collection time was recorded. Samples were analyzed for chemical attributes and granulometry. Statistically significant differences were observed for specific attributes (organic matter, K, Ca, CEC, pH, and S). In terms of operational efficiency, the hydraulic sampler was more efficient than the other samplers, being three times faster than the combustion drill and six times faster than the manual probe. Thus, it is suitable and reliable for soil sampling purposes.

Development and validation of a hydraulic sampler for collection of undisturbed soil samples

ABSTRACT Soil sampling is decisive in determining its physical or chemical quality. In determining soil physical quality, methods for sampling undisturbed soil samples are not efficient from qualitative, financial, and ergonomic point of view, and it is necessary for the development of new collection methods. In this study, we developed a soil hydraulic sampler coupled to a tractor to collect undisturbed soil samples in different production systems. To validate the soil ‘Hydraulic’ sampler, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design in 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with four replications. ‘Uhland’, ‘Castle’ and ‘Hydraulic’ samplers were used to collect soil undisturbed soil samples in three managements: no-tillage system, minimum cultivation and crop livestock integration system. Undisturbed soil samples were processed to determine soil bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity. ‘Uhland’ sampler was not able to characterize the soil bulk density for different management systems, as there was a large variation coefficient in samples collected. ‘Castle’ sampler showed similar behavior for ‘Hydraulic’ sampler, differentiating studied agricultural systems. ‘Hydraulic’ sampler was efficient in collecting undisturbed soil samples, characterizing soil physical properties under different soil management systems.

Penetration Behavior and Sample Quality of Hydraulically Activated Fixed-Piston Samplers

AbstractThis study presents an enhanced hydraulic fixed-piston (HNS-N) sampler that reflects a local practice. This sampler was employed at a deltaic site along with two other types of samplers: a similar hydraulic (HNS-K) type with no vacuum breaker and an oil-operated (ONS) sampler that is equipped with a vacuum breaker and is fixed at the center of a casing. The generation of a slowly but erratically increasing pressure in the hydraulic samplers often does not ensure constant speed and full penetration; thus, the pressure in these samplers was increased rapidly after the drill rods were filled with water. By contrast, the pressure in the ONS sampler was increased instantaneously. The hydraulic samplers exhibited slightly discrete penetration behavior, whereas the ONS sampler induced constant penetration. The sample qualities of the samplers are ordered based on an evaluation via two nondestructive methods and a consolidation test, as follows: ONS > HNS–N > HNS–K. The sample quality was affected signifi...

Oil-Operated Fixed-Piston Sampler and Its Applicability

AbstractThis paper presents the development of an oil-operated fixed-piston sampler. This sampler includes a vacuum breaker, which prevents the suction between the sample and piston during disassembly, and an improved version of a complex system used for continuous advancement in mechanical samplers. The improvement makes the new sampler easy to operate, similar to the hydraulic sampler. The oil-operated and hydraulic samplers were used at a site in the Nakdong River Delta. Suction, shear-wave velocity, and consolidation tests were performed on 100-mm-long specimens equally divided by the extruded samples, as well as the seismic flat dilatometer and the piezocone tests in the field. The results show that the new sampler gave better sample quality than the hydraulic-type sampler, indicating better recovery ratio. The main difference in sample quality between the two samplers can be attributed to mechanical destructuration, owing to the stepped advancement and the slight tilt of the hydraulic sampler.

Resíduos culturais e resultado de análise de solo coletado com diferentes amostradores no sistema de plantio direto

Uma das características do sistema de plantio direto é o acúmulo de resíduos culturais na superfície do solo. Embora as recomendações técnicas preconizem a remoção desses resíduos antes da amostragem de solo, isso não ocorre quando a amostragem é efetuada utilizando o quadriciclo. Os resíduos culturais também podem ser misturados com a amostra de solo quando esse é amostrado com o trado manual e esses resíduos não são removidos da superfície do solo. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a influência dos resíduos culturais da superfície do solo nos resultados da análise de solo sob plantio direto. Amostraram-se solos com e sem a remoção de resíduos culturais da superfície. Esses procedimentos foram testados em solos contendo baixo e alto teor de argila, amostrados com o trado calador e o quadriciclo, após o cultivo de soja e milho. A influência dos resíduos culturais no resultado da análise de solo foi, em geral, pouco expressiva, variando com o tipo de amostrador, de resíduo e teor de argila do solo. Nas amostras coletadas com o quadriciclo, foi possível detectar diferenças no teor de matéria orgânica (MO) em função dos procedimentos de amostragem testados, entretanto, isso não ocorreu nas amostras coletadas com o calador. Na presença dos resíduos culturais, o teor de MO aumentou em 4g kg-1 (solo com baixo teor de argila e cultivado com soja) e em 5g kg-1 (solo com alto teor de argila e cultivado com milho). Com exceção dos teores de MO, a presença dos resíduos culturais não interferiu na interpretação dos outros atributos analisados.

A heavy‐duty time domain reflectometry soil moisture probe for use in intensive field sampling

Mapping soil water content for site‐specific management of farm fields is commonly achieved through grid soil sampling. This effort frequently requires intensive soil coring, which is destructive and time consuming. Precision farming and research can be facilitated if sampling techniques are improved and made cost effective. We designed and constructed a heavy‐duty time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe of simple design that fits a hydraulic soil sampling machine. The design is simple enough to be adapted to the TDR equipment and hydraulic sampler that a researcher or practitioner may already possess. The probe consists of a housing and adapter that can be fabricated in a local machine shop from materials that are easily obtainable. Probe schematics and summary soil water maps obtained using the new design are presented. As with conventional TDR probe designs, stony or indurate soils may present particular problems in effective insertion of the probe.

Vehicle‐Mounted Hydraulic Sampler for Urban Soils

AbstractSampling soils in landscapes and research plots in urban settings is normally done by hand because motorized samplers lack the mobility and small size. To facilitate sampling urban soils, a vehicle‐mounted hydraulic sampler was constructed by making minor modifications to commercially available equipment. The unit consists of a hydraulic sampler with self‐contained engine and hydraulic pump mounted on the back of a turf utility vehicle. Soil cores are taken with a 32 mm diam. ✕ 0.46 m long slotted tube. Samples can be taken to 1.2 m depth.

Soil Properties Influencing Strength of Canfield and Geeburg Soils

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the relationships between in situ shear strength and soil properties in two contrasting soil series. Shear strength was measured using a vane forced into the soil by a truck‐mounted hydraulic sampler. Selected horizons at five sites of each soil series were tested. Vane shear tests were performed both in the fall and in the spring; 144 tests were performed.Soil moisture content, bulk density, and clay content were found to be of most influence on vane shear strength. Multiple regression analysis showed that coarse clay content is positively correlated with shear strength and fine clay content is negatively correlated. These four variables explain 83% of the variation in vane shear strength. Remolded shear strength in the Bt horizons of both soils is < 0.15 kg/cm2. The soil properties that explain most of the variation in shear strength are used in the classification of soil series, or are directly associated with these properties. Determination of soil strength using the vane shear test is quick and inexpensive. The high correlation between the test results and soil properties suggests that further study of the potential use of the vane shear test in the soil survey is warranted.

Emproved hydraulic sampler for obtaining undisturbed sediment cores : Johnson, D L; Alexander, C S J Sedim Petrol, V46, N1, March 1976, P249–251

Emproved hydraulic sampler for obtaining undisturbed sediment cores : Johnson, D L; Alexander, C S J Sedim Petrol, V46, N1, March 1976, P249–251

An Improved Hydraulic Sampler for Obtaining Undisturbed Sediment Cores

ABSTRACT Improvements to a portable hydraulic coring device are described that make acquiring undisturbed cores of terrestrial sedimentary sequences both easier and faster.

A Machine for Taking Soil Samples and Placing Access Tubes for Soil Moisture and Density Measurements

AbstractThe Bull hydraulic sampler has been mounted to provide greater mobility in soil sampling and can also be used for placing neutron probe access tubes.