Hydraulic Press Research Articles

Research on deflection correction performance of movable crossbeam during pressurization of ultra-large hydraulic press

In this paper, the deflection of the movable crossbeam during the pressurization process of the ultra-large hydraulic press is studied. The electromechanical and hydraulic systems of the ultra-large hydraulic press are analyzed, and a joint AMESim-ADAMS simulation model of the mechanical system, the oil system, and the correction control system are established. The simulation analyzes the deflection control of the working cylinder in the 1600 MN pressurized state, the movable crossbeam in the positive load without deflection correction, positive load with deflection correction, eccentric load with 300 mm of deflection in X-positive direction, and eccentric load with 300 mm of deflection in XZ-positive direction. The results show that the correction control system needs to be turned on synchronously at the beginning of the pressurization; under the pressure of 1600 MN and the maximum eccentricity of 300 mm, the velocity error of the movable crossbeam can be controlled within 7 %, and the parallel control precision can reach 0.14 mm/m.

COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN HYBRID METALLIC FABRICS WITH DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF INTERMEDIATE ALUMINUM SHEETS

In this study, hybrid metallic fabrics were produced by traditional weaving method using 0.2 mm thick Aluminum (Al) 1005 H14 material and polyethylene fishing line (PL). During the production of hybrid metallic fabrics, fishing line was used as warp and Al 1005 H14 wire of the same thickness was used as weft. The fabrics were cut into layers with dimensions of 30 mm width and 300 mm length. Each layer was bonded using FM® 73M structural adhesive. Laminates of hybrid composites with different arrangement of layers were fabricated with Al 5005 H34 spacer sheet. The resulting laminates were cured by applying additional pressure in a temperature-controlled hydraulic press, after which the specimens were cut for tensile testing with a saw according to ASTM D3039 standard. The effect of the Al 5005 H34 intermediate material on weight was determined. Three specimens from each laminate group were tensile tested and the results analyzed. It was found that fabrics containing Al 1005 H14 and PL can be successful.

Optimizing the Design Structure of Recycled Aluminum Pressing Machine using the Finite Element Method

Optimizing the Design Structure of Recycled Aluminum Pressing Machine using the Finite Element Method

PEMBUATAN MESIN PRESS HIDROLIK MANUAL BERKAPASITAS 20 TON

Abstract A manual hydraulic press machine with a capacity of 20 tons is a production tool that functions to press or press thick-layered workpieces with the help of a hydraulic pump. The aim of this research is to determine the process of making a manual hydraulic press machine with a capacity of 20 tons. In this research, the research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method, because this research will only explain the process of making a 20 ton capacity manual hydraulic press machine, therefore research activities are only limited to finding out about tools and materials. what is needed in the process of making the machine and also about the process of making the machine. Based on research, the appropriate materials used in the process of making a 20 ton capacity manual hydraulic press machine are materials that have been well tested, such as UNP ST 37 iron material which produces a maximum tensile strength of 481,559 N/nm2 with a loading force of 77, 5000 kN. and in testing assental iron with a diameter of 16mm and a length of 24cm, it produces a bending test of 17.6044 kgf/mm2 with a loading force of 3,575.06 kgf, has a yield load of 56.4063 kN and a tensile load of 350.490 N/nm2. Apart from that, in making a manual hydraulic press machine with a capacity of 20 tons, there are several processes, namely design, measuring, cutting, welding, smoothing, assembling, punching, and painting and tensile testing on ST 37 steel plates.

Dynamic and controlled stretching of macroscopic crystalline membranes towards unprecedented levels

Imposing and controlling strain in materials such as semiconductors or ferroelectrics is a promising way to obtain new or enhance existing properties. Although the field of strain engineering has seen a rapid expansion over the last two decades, straining semiconductor membranes over large areas remains a challenge. A generic way of tuning strain and hence band structure and electric or magnetic properties of any crystalline material can be obtained by compression of a composite structure involving poorly compressible elastomers. Mechanically similar to the principle of a hydraulic press, this work proposes a device and describes analytically a methodology to easily strain macroscopic membranes up to unprecedented values. Using in-situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, we tuned the biaxial strain in silicon membranes up to a value of 2.1 %, paving the way for new studies in the field of strain related physics, from semiconductors to perovskite oxide multiferroics.

Soft skeletons transmit force with variable gearing.

A hydrostatic skeleton allows a soft body to transmit muscular force via internal pressure. A human's tongue, an octopus' arm and a nematode's body illustrate the pervasive presence of hydrostatic skeletons among animals, which has inspired the design of soft engineered actuators. However, there is a need for a theoretical basis for understanding how hydrostatic skeletons apply mechanical work. We therefore modeled the shape change and mechanics of natural and engineered hydrostatic skeletons to determine their mechanical advantage (MA) and displacement advantage (DA). These models apply to a variety of biological structures, but we explicitly consider the tube feet of a sea star and the body segments of an earthworm, and contrast them with a hydraulic press and a McKibben actuator. A helical winding of stiff, elastic fibers around these soft actuators plays a critical role in their mechanics by maintaining a cylindrical shape, distributing forces throughout the structure and storing elastic energy. In contrast to a single-joint lever system, soft hydrostats exhibit variable gearing with changes in MA generated by deformation in the skeleton. We found that this gearing is affected by the transmission efficiency of mechanical work (MA×DA) or, equivalently, the ratio of output to input work. The transmission efficiency changes with the capacity to store elastic energy within helically wrapped fibers or associated musculature. This modeling offers a conceptual basis for understanding the relationship between the morphology of hydrostatic skeletons and their mechanical performance.

Leveling control of multi-cylinder hydraulic press based on multi-agent reinforcement learning

In this paper, a multi-agent–based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed to solve the leveling control problem of a multi-cylinder hydraulic press with coupling phenomena. This algorithm is a model-free control algorithm, which can avoid the modeling difficulties and low efficiency caused by the complexity of the model. The control algorithm of the hydraulic press adopts Multi-Agent Soft Actor–Critic (MASAC). The concept of multi-agent is introduced to control each coupling input separately. The distributed updating method is used to realize accurate and stable control of the hydraulic press. At the same time, a reward function of the piecewise function type is proposed in this paper. Compared with common algorithms such as the quadratic reward function, this algorithm has a faster and more stable convergence effect in the whole process. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence speed and leveling accuracy than the traditional single-agent algorithm.

Safe Reinforcement Learning-Based Balance Control for Multi-Cylinder Hydraulic Press

Abstract Considering the load uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics in multicylinder hydraulic systems, this paper proposes a balance control algorithm based on safe reinforcement learning to release the restrictions of classical model-based control methods that depend on fixed gain. In this paper, the hydraulic press is controlled by a trained agent that directly maps the system states to control commands in an end-to-end manner. By introducing an action modifier into the algorithm, the system states are kept within security constraints from the beginning of training, making safe exploration possible. Furthermore, a normalized exponential reward function has been proposed. Compared with a quadratic reward function, the precision is greatly improved under the same training steps. The experiment shows that our algorithm can achieve high precision and fast balance for multicylinder hydraulic presses while being highly robust. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to attempt the application of a reinforcement learning algorithm to multi-execution units of hydraulic systems.

Effects of Various Steam Explosions on the Efficiency, Yield, and Loss in a Hydraulic Press Extractor of Fruit Juice

High post-harvest losses occur as a result of the fruits rapid decline in quality after harvest. Using a steam exploded simple juicer is one approach to make up for this loss. The aim of this study was to optimise the processing conditions of a manually operated hydraulic press for the extraction of fruit juice. To measure extraction yield, efficiency, and principle extraction loss, freshly selected fruits (orange, pineapple, and watermelon) were sliced to 20, 40, 60, and 80 mm, steam-conditioned for varying lengths of time (5, 10, and 15 minutes), and loaded onto the machine at various rates (50, 75, and 100%). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the procedure. To ascertain the variations in extraction yields using reference extraction methods, a comparative study was also carried out. The impact of the investigated parameters on the extraction procedures were significant (p 0.05). The pineapple was sliced to 71.25 mm, steamed for 12.60 minutes, and loaded at a rate of 50.61% under the optimal conditions of the press, resulting in an extraction yield, machine efficiency, and extraction loss, which were 79.56, 67.48, and 11.96% respectively. When compared to reference extraction methods, the device yielded the highest fruit extraction yields. Thus, the press was an efficient, effective, and industrially appropriate extraction method that minimizes post-harvest losses.

Grain boundary, electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of the ultra-high rGO amount of C12A7-rGO composites

The Ca12Al14O33 ceramic (C12A7) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite which an ultra-high amount (i.e., 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt%) of rGO (ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composite) were synthesized by a solid-state reaction process. After the hydraulic press, the heat treatment in the temperature range of 773 K under the argon environment had been performed with the composite pellets for 30 min. XRD results of the C12A7 and all the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites indicated a pure phase of C12A7 ceramic. Raman spectra confirmed the existence of rGO content in all the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites. Raman peaks also suggested reduction of the free O22− and O2− ions from the framework of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites. SEM image presented the homogeneous grain boundary interface after the heat treatment at 773 K of the C12A7 wrapped by the rGO sheet, the agglomerated rGO sheet, and the rough interface stack of rGO sheets. UV-VIS spectroscopy presented the absorption behavior, direct energy gap, and indirect energy gap modifications of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites. Electrical conductivity of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites illustrated larger than 108 times improvement with temperature independence. Range of −5 to −17 μV/K , temperature dependence, and increased with rGO content increasing Seebeck coefficient were reported. Thermal conductivity of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites was increased with the rGO content increasing. Both the Power factor (PF) and the figure of merit (ZT) of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites were temperature dependent and were increased with the rGO content increasing, within the range of 0.4 μW/m.K2 of PF and the range of 3x10−4 of ZT, respectively. These experimental results verified grain boundary, modified energy band, electrical transport properties and thermoelectric properties of C12A7/rGO composites loading with ultra-high content rGO

An experimental study of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Rattan fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy resin laminated composite

The primary objective of this research was to observe the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of rattan fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy resin laminated composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated utilizing rattan fiber, carbon fiber, jute fiber and epoxy resin as matrix materials. This study employed two types of rattan fibers, namely plain weave and twill weave. These rattan fibers were combined with carbon fibers and jute fibers separately, forming R3C2, R′3C2, R3J2 and R′3J2 composites. The fabrication process involved conventional hand lay-up followed by high-temperature treatment and pressure application under a hydraulic press to ensure effective curing and minimize voids within the final composites. These were compared with the properties of monolithic laminates. Mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural and hardness characteristics, were assessed to evaluate the impact of rattan fibers in hybrid composites. Failure modes of the fractured tensile specimen were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, water absorption behavior and fire retardant painting test were conducted. The results showed that hybrid composites reinforced with plain weave rattan fiber (R3C2 & R3J2) exhibit superior tensile strength, flexural strength and hardness. In comparison to R5 composites, the tensile strengths of these samples have improved by 104.36% and 349.68%, respectively. Moreover, the flexural strengths of R3C2 and R3J2 composites exhibit significant enhancements of 218.41% and 90.9%. These composites also excel in the Shore D Hardness test. Hence, it can be concluded that the hybrid composites reinforced with rattan fibers demonstrate enhanced physical, mechanical, and thermal properties.

Recycling and reusing potential of disposable low-density polyethylene plastic waste for flexible paver tile construction for outdoor application

Plastic waste disposal has escalated into a serious global concern due to the non-biodegradable nature of plastics, which are composed of high-molecular-mass organic polymers along with other ingredients. Therefore, this study focuses on reusing and recycling LDPE plastic waste as a binding agent in paver tile production. This aligns with global sustainability goals by promoting resource efficiency and reducing waste generation. The investigation aims to address the environmental impact of plastic waste by finding sustainable solutions for its management. This includes exploring the feasibility and viability of using LDPE plastic waste in paver tile production as a means of recycling and reusing locally collected waste. The LDPE waste plastic collection, identification, milling, and melting at 170 °C. Subsequently, the sampled sand, sieved to a size of ≤0.75 mm, was blended with molten plastic in a specified proportion and then molded to create paving tiles using a hydraulic press machine. The researchers utilized response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Benken designs (BBD) to optimize three key experimental parameters (plastic-to-sand ratio: 10 %, 25 %, 40 %; time: 2, 5, 8 min, pressure: 1, 3, 5 MPa) influencing mechanical properties of paver tiles, including water absorption (WA), flexural strength (FS), and compressive strength (CS). The result revealed that the optimal combination of 25 % waste plastic, 5 min, and 3 MPa of pressure resulted in a maximum flexural strength (FS) of 3.689 MPa and compressive strength (CS) of 4.141 MPa, with an average water absorption (WA) of 0.322 %. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the developed tiles met the desired standard. In conclusion, the mechanical qualities of the tiles were promising, indicating that reusing waste LDPE plastic to create paver tiles presents an appealing option for plastic waste disposal. The composite paver tiles exhibited promising attributes for outdoor applications, such as park pavement and outdoor public spaces, owing to their favorable mechanical properties and low water absorption.

Rational Methods of Plastic Deformation Providing Formation of Ultrafine-Grained Structure in Large-Sized Products

Based on the peculiarities of plastic deformation mechanics and physical mesomechanics, the processes are considered and technological schemes for their realization are proposed to ensure the formation of ultrafine-grained structure in axisymmetric products of large sizes. Deformation of coarse-grained materials in temperature-velocity conditions of superplastic deformation and methods of severe plastic deformation are taken as methods of preparation of such a structure. All of these deformations include large strain, and they are carried out at low hydraulic press speeds, but at different temperatures: in the mode of superplasticity at hot temperatures, and in the mode of severe plastic deformation at warm or cold temperature deformation. The first mode allows grains to be refined to microcrystalline sizes of 1–10 microns, and such a material acquires the ability to deform in a state of superplasticity, i.e., in tension with low resistance to deformation and high elongation. The second mode (severe plastic deformation) refines grains to submicro- (1÷0.1 µm) and nanosizes (less than 0.1 µm), thus giving metal materials record structural strength, as well as the possibility to use processing in extended temperature-velocity conditions of superplastic deformation in comparison with microcrystalline structure.

Rancang Bangun Untuk Kontruksi Dinding Rumah dengan Bahan Bata Interlok

The type of material, mixture composition, and production process are among the factors that influence the strength of interlock bricks. In this study, interlocking bricks are used for the construction of residential wall structures. The interlocking brick mixture consists of cement, fly ash, sand, and water. The fly ash and sand used have a maximum diameter of 4.75 mm and are not subjected to calcination. Interlocking bricks measuring 30 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm are molded using a manual hydraulic press and cured for up to 28 days before being cut into test specimens measuring 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm. A total of 150 test specimens from 5 mix designs using water-cement ratios (WCR) of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were utilized in this study. The objective of this research is to determine the quality levels of interlocking bricks based on compressive strength tests at 28 days of age. The quality levels are determined according to the Indonesian National Standard, SNI 03-0349-1989. Based on the compressive strength results, it was found that the average interlocking bricks with fly ash mixture achieved class III quality, indicating that they can only be used for non-structural wall applications.

Survey of emerging technologies and return on investment in oil palm business in south-south states of Nigeria

The difference between the oil palm business in developed economy like Malaysia and that in less developed economy like Nigeria can be traced to technological advancement. Therefore there is continuous search for production and processing technologies that can drive development of the oil palm value chain. The broad objective of the study was to investigate the effect of innovative technologies on performance of oil palm business in South-South geo-political States of Nigeria. The study employed a multi-stage sampling procedure. Well validated structured questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean, Percentage, Standard Deviation, Frequency Distribution Table, enterprise budgeting, and ordinary least square regression analysis. Socioeconomic characteristics of operators were diverse, with a predominance of young, married, male farmers (60.9%) engaged in small-scale production (mean farm size: 13.2 hectares). Traditional tools still dominated harvesting, but hydraulic press (adopted by 71.1%) and automated mills (5.3%) were adopted for processing. Value addition was substantially improved by processing technology and harvesting equipment in the South-South States of Nigeria. The study concluded that appropriate innovative technologies positively impacted profitability, efficiency, product quality, sustainability, and competitiveness. Training, subsidies and robust extension services to promote adoption of innovative technologies in the South-South States of Nigeria were recommended. The study has contributed to existing body of knowledge by affirming the central role of innovation in profit function and sustainability in the oil palm sector.

Physical Modeling of a Water Hydraulic Proportional Cartridge Valve for a Digital Twin in a Hydraulic Press Machine

Digital twins are an emerging technology that can be harnessed for the digitalization of the industry. Steel industry systems contain a large number of electro-hydraulic components as proportional valves. An input–output model for a water proportional cartridge valve was derived from physical modeling based on fluid mechanics, dynamics, and electrical principles. The valve is a two-stage valve with two two/two-way water proportional valves as the pilot stage and a marginally stable poppet-type cartridge valve as the main valve. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an input–output model was derived for a two-stage proportional cartridge valve with a marginally stable main valve. The orifice equation, which is based on Bernoulli principles, was approximated by a polynomial, which made the parameter estimation easier and modeling possible without measuring the pressure of the varying control volume, in contrast with previous studies of similar types of valves situated in the pilot stage part of the valve. This work complements previous studies of similar types of valves in two ways: (1) data were collected when the valve was operating in a closed loop and (2) data were collected when the valve was part of a press mill machine in a steel manufacturing plant. Model parameters were identified from data from these operating conditions. The parameters of the input–output model were estimated by convex optimization with physical constraints to overcome the problems caused by poor system excitation. For comparison, a simple linear model was derived and the least squares method was used for the parameter estimation. A thorough estimation of the parameters’ relative errors is presented. The model contains five parameters related to the design parameters of the valve. The modeled position output was in good agreement with experimental data for the training and test data. The model can be used for the real-time monitoring of the valve’s status by the model parameters. One of the model parameters varied linearly with the production cycles. Thus, the aging of the valve can be monitored.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ОСВЕТЛЕНИЯ ЯБЛОЧНОГО СУСЛА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The quality of clarification of apple must from various varieties of apples of domestic and foreign breeding, different ripening periods, growing at the Research and Breeding Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops, located in the Central Joint Stock Company, Krasnodar, was studied. Sampling of apples was carried out at optimal ripeness from different sides of the tree crown in relation to the cardinal directions. Apple processing was carried out using a crusher-grinder, followed by pressing the pulp on a hydraulic press. The enzyme preparations SQzyme PCL, Grainzyme NL and Fructozyme R were used in the experiments. Apple must was clarified using bentonite (BENTOVIN), plant (pea) and animal (gelatin) protein. As a result of the studies, it was established that self-clarification of the must without the use of enzyme preparations was slow. Slow self-clarification with the formation of voluminous loose and mobile sediments was observed only in certain variants (Ekzotika, Orfey, Liberti, Renet Platona). The addition of enzyme preparations, especially SQzyme PCL, contributed to an increase in must yield by 12-17 % relative to the control. The most “responsive” to the use of enzyme preparations were apples of the varieties Dzhin, Ekzotica, Orfey, Margo, Prikubanskoe, Bagryanets Kubani, Liberti, Renet Platona, forms 12/1-20-16 and 12/1-20-33. With the addition of enzyme preparations in the pulp, the rate of must extraction increased. Gradual clarification was noted in the next 3-4 hours. The greatest increase in must yield was noted during the processing of apple varieties such as Enterprise, Margo, Ketni, Renet Platona – by 12-17 % compared to the control (without the use of enzyme preparations). The use of only one sorbent – bentonite, animal or vegetable protein – did not lead to high-quality clarification of the must at the given dosages. At the same time, complex processing made it possible to significantly improve the quality of clarification and reduce the turbidity of the must. The highest quality clarification of the must, regardless of the apple variety, was obtained by complex treatment of the pulp with enzyme preparations followed by dosing of proteins and bentonite. Key words: APPLE MUST, CLARIFICATION, ENZYME PREPARATIONS, BENTONITE, PROTEIN SORBENTS

Enhancement in antimicrobial efficacy and biodegradation of natural rubber latex through graphene oxide/nickel oxide nanoparticles

This work aims to fabricate antibacterial natural rubber latex composites by introducing different ratios of graphene oxide (GO) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were prepared using latex mixing and a two-roll mill process, followed by molding with a heating hydraulic press. Detailed analyses were conducted to evaluate the rheological, chemical, physical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance of the composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to analyze the interaction among different components, while the surface morphology was examined through the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. The composites with a loading ratio of 1:2 of GO to NiO (optimized concentration) exhibited the highest tensile strength (24.9 MPa) and tear strength (47.4 N/ mm) among all the tested samples. In addition, the composites demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The thermal stability of the composites was observed up to 315 °C, and their electrical resistivity lies in the insulating range across a temperature span of 25 °C to 50 °C. The research uncovers critical insights into advancing composite materials suitable for diverse applications, featuring inherent antibacterial attributes, robust mechanical properties, resilience to solvent, UV shielding properties, and controlled electrical resistivity capabilities.

Practice of using parts made of the heat-resistant polymer composites in the chemical industry and agricultural engineering

The authors of the article developed polymer composites based on aromatic polyamides, fluoropolymers, and phenolic resins, which have higher physical and mechanical properties than such construction materials as bronze and babbitt. These details, also have similar properties to carbon steels, and in terms of tribological properties, they are significantly superior to them. Polymer composite materials (PCM) were obtained by standard technology, as well as by combining (in situ) the initial components of polymer compositions. The effectiveness of the use of parts from the developed PCM in friction and sealing units of machines and mechanisms of the chemical and agricultural industry has been confirmed. These are the details: sealing of the cantilever shaft of the anchor stirrer; sliding bearings of the soil copying mechanism of the John Deere 1780 seeding machines and the damping mechanism of the cultivator's arrow paw; guide bushings of the movable traverse of the hydraulic press for polymer processing; overlays on the sliding guides of the moving table of the grinding machine (OШ 143).

Multiple Heat Recovery System for an Industrial Thermal Peeling Press Machine—Experimental Study with Energy and Economic Analyses

The enhancement of energy systems in industrial zones is attracting the attention of researchers from all over the world. At the same time, optimization and advancement in heat recovery systems are now generating major interest in the energy sector. In this context, the present study suggests a new multiple heat recovery system should be applied to an industrial thermal peeling press machine. The new system consists of multiple sources of energy: the heat excess in the chimney, the exhaust gas of the chimney, and the exhaust gas of the boiler. To proceed with testing the potential of the suggested system, a hydraulic thermal peel press machine in the wood industry undergoes different tests to achieve the best configuration that will enable this machine to reach its operational temperature when heating. Five test configurations are proposed, designed, and applied experimentally on this machine. Many parameters were effective during the experimental tests, such as water flow rate, ambient air temperature, and initial water temperature. It was found that the application of the multiple heat recovery system increases the rate of heating from around 7 °C/min to around 13 °C/min. In terms of energy and economy, the “chimney + boiler only” configuration proved to be the best system to apply during the fall and winter seasons.