Hydraulic Monitoring Research Articles

Hydraulic validation of two-dimensional simulations of braided river flow with spatially continuous aDcp data

[1] Gravel-bed braided rivers are characterized by shallow, branching flow across low relief, complex, and mobile bed topography. These conditions present a major challenge for the application of higher dimensional hydraulic models, the predictions of which are nevertheless vital to inform flood risk and ecosystem management. This paper demonstrates how high-resolution topographic survey and hydraulic monitoring at a density commensurate with model discretization can be used to advance hydrodynamic simulations in braided rivers. Specifically, we detail applications of the shallow water model, Delft3d, to the Rees River, New Zealand, at two nested scales: a 300 m braid bar unit and a 2.5 km reach. In each case, terrestrial laser scanning was used to parameterize the topographic boundary condition at hitherto unprecedented resolution and accuracy. Dense observations of depth and velocity acquired from a mobile acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp), along with low-altitude aerial photography, were then used to create a data-rich framework for model calibration and testing at a range of discharges. Calibration focused on the estimation of spatially uniform roughness and horizontal eddy viscosity, νH, through comparison of predictions with distributed hydraulic data. Results revealed strong sensitivity to νH, which influenced cross-channel velocity and localization of high shear zones. The high-resolution bed topography partially accounts for form resistance, and the recovered roughness was found to scale by 1.2–1.4 D84 grain diameter. Model performance was good for a range of flows, with minimal bias and tight error distributions, suggesting that acceptable predictions can be achieved with spatially uniform roughness and νH.

Field investigation into directional hydraulic fracturing for hard roof in Tashan Coal Mine

Research and development of safe and effective control technology of hard roof is an inevitable trend at present. Directional hydraulic fracturing technology is expected to become a safe and effective way to control and manage hard roof. In order to make hard roof fracture in a directional way, a hydraulic fracture field test has been conducted in the third panel district of Tashan Coal Mine in Datong. First, two hydraulic fracturing drilling holes and four observing drilling holes were arranged in the roof, followed by a wedge-shaped ring slot in each hydraulic fracturing drilling hole. The hydraulic fracturing holes were then sealed and, hydraulic fracturing was conducted. The results show that the hard roof is fractured directionally by the hydraulic fracturing function of the two fracturing drilling holes; the sudden drop, or the overall downward trend of hydraulic pressure from hydraulic monitoring is the proof that the rock in the hard roof has been fractured. The required hydraulic pressure to fracture the hard roof in Tashan coal mine, consisting of carboniferous sandstone layer, is 50.09 MPa, and the fracturing radius of a single drilling hole is not less than 10.5 m. The wedge-shaped ring slot made in the bottom of the hydraulic fracturing drilling hole plays a guiding role for crack propagation. After the hydraulic fracturing drill hole is cracked, the propagation of the resulting hydraulic crack, affected mainly by the regional stress field, will turn to other directions.

The Development and Study of Hoist Hydraulic Braking Safety Online Monitoring System

Aiming at the technological characteristics and production status of the mine hoist hydraulic brake safety protection system, the overall monitoring framework and monitoring scheme of the hoist brake system is proposed from the perspective of comprehensive protection and control: the high-performance data acquisition card and virtual instrument platform (Labview) are selected to carry out program development work on the system. System displays the monitoring data online and alarms some physical quantities, as well as stores and retrieves some important parameters and operational failures in order to achieve online monitoring security of braking system. So it provides technical support for the repair and maintenance of the mine hoist and scientific protection of the safety running of the hoist.

Study on Liquid Volume Measurement Based on Wireless Transmission and Hydraulic Sensors

Based on hydraulic sensors and wireless transmission, a new wireless measurement method of liquid volume in a tank is introduced. This measurement system includes hydraulic pressure sensors, A/D converter, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) module and upper monitor in a computer, from which the users can get aware of the liquid volume in a tank at any time. The measurement system has been built，calibrated and tested. The experimental results show that this measurement system works well and the measurement error is less than 1%.

Design and Characteristic Analysis of Variable Speed Hydraulic System

The motor variable frequency speed control technology applied to the traditional hydraulic system based on variable speed hydraulic transmission principle with The PLC technology, hydraulic control, detection technology and configuration of organic, it combine PLC as the core of the lower machine control components, PC as the control, researched the variable speed hydraulic test system hardware, software and control systems design. The experiments were performed, realized the variable speed hydraulic experimental platform for open loop control and variable speed hydraulic system parameters real-time monitoring and dynamic display. It overcomes some of the shortcomings of the conventional hydraulic system, improved the efficiency, the hydraulic system run more smoothly and reduce noise. The experiments show that the variable speed hydraulic test bench run well and achieve the purpose.

Development of Control Module of Condition Auto Monitoring System for Aircraft Ground Hydraulic Power Carts

This paper presents an analysis for the status and the deficiency of the condition monitoring system for AGHPCs, new design of the control module based on AT89C51 is given in this paper, at the same time, the development and the realizing of the control module are discussed in detail. For the realization of aircraft hydraulic pump truck state monitoring provides a theoretical basis for intelligent and implementation plan.

The Application and Prospect of Microseismic Technique in Coalmine

Abstract Microseismic monitoring technique has been developed for more than 50 years, and has successfully found it application in underground construction, tunnel, reservoir dam, oil production and so on. Because of its successful application in mine disaster prediction, tunnel safety, slope stability, people are getting more and more interested about it. This paper introduced the key technical points of microseismic signal acquisition, analyzed the physical meaning of several microseismic parameters, and introduced the application of microseismic monitoring technique in gas outburst monitoring, water disaster monitoring, rock burst monitoring, coalmine combustion zone monitoring, hydraulic fracturing zone monitoring, analyzed the technical breakthrough points of microseismic technique in each engineering field. Besides, this paper suggested that further studying the characteristic of rock deformation under stretching, compressing and bending stress, and establishing the relationship between rock characteristic and AE signal, investigating the AE signal characteristic of different rock broken pattern, are the developing direction of microseismic technique, and introduced some research progresses in this direction.

Monitoring of Deep Processing of Oil De-Noising Technique

Oil for deep processing of the signal contains a lot of pulse interference monitoring and random non-stationary noise characteristics; this paper presents a wavelet-based moving average against impulse noise filter. First on the hydraulic signal wavelet de-noising, wavelet processing and then the results after anti-pulse moving average processing. The simulation signals and hydraulic monitoring signal de-noising experiments show that: the use of wavelet technology and anti-pulse interference filter combination of moving average method has good oil pressure monitoring signal filtering, to achieve deep process debris blocking fault laid the foundation for monitoring.

Development and Application of Hydropower Hydro Monitoring System

Hydropower station is one of key energy construction projects in china. The hydro-mechanical component is one of the core parts of the hydropower station. Therefore, the importance of hydro-condition monitoring becomes even more conspicuous in hydropower station. In this present study, the hardware of hydropower station hydraulic monitoring system was re-designed and integrated through researching hydro-determination theory and method of the hydropower station, using ADAM modules; At the same time, by using development tool C++ and assembly language, a 16-channel data acquisition and visualization operations hydro-monitoring system was completed by implementing the functions of acquisition, calibration, analysis, processing for the software system. Finally, the entire monitoring system was applied on Tianqiao hydropower, and the result indicated that this system might be a better method in monitoring results.

Development of a Hydropower Hydro Monitoring System

Hydropower station is one of key energy construction projects in china. The hydro-mechanical component is one of the core parts of the hydropower station. Therefore, the importance of hydro-condition monitoring becomes even more conspicuous in hydropower station. In this present study, the hardware of hydropower station hydraulic monitoring system was re-designed and integrated through researching hydro-determination theory and method of the hydropower station, using ADAM modules; At the same time, by using development tool C++ and assembly language, a 16-channel data acquisition and visualization operations hydro-monitoring system was completed by implementing the functions of acquisition, calibration, analysis, processing for the software system. Finally, the entire monitoring system was applied on Tianqiao hydropower, and the result indicated that this system might be a better method in monitoring results.

Well test results and reservoir performance for a carbon dioxide injection test in the Bass Islands Dolomite in the Michigan Basin

Analysis of well test results and reservoir behavior is presented for a 10,241-t carbon dioxide (CO2) injection test in the Michigan Basin. The test site was located in Otsego County, Michigan, and was part of the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) program. The injection target was a deep saline rock formation, named the Bass Islands Dolomite, at a depth of 1049–1071 m (3442–3514 ft). Rock core tests on this formation suggested an average permeability of 22 md and porosity of 13% across 22 m (72 ft). Hydraulic monitoring included metering injection at the wellhead and downhole pressure and temperature logging in the injection well and a nearby deep monitoring well. Pressure response curves were analyzed for a step-rate injection and shut-in recovery tests. Downhole pressure in the injection well was approximately 13,800–13,930 kPa at injection rates of 400–600 t CO2 per day. Step-rate injection testing suggested that injection rates of several hundred thousand metric tons CO2 per year may be sustainable in a single well. Injection test pressure falloff analysis showed that the overall reservoir permeability may be more than twice as high as indicated from rock core tests. This successful test provides extremely valuable field information on all aspects of the CO2 storage feasibility for both the test region and the broader deployment of the technology.

Research and development of the hydraulic pressure monitor for automatic control of the water saving irrigation system

Research and development of the hydraulic pressure monitor for automatic control of the water saving irrigation system

WITHDRAWN: Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: A field investigation

Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO3- groundwater. In the 5-yr study period, the Fe0 remained reactive as shown in pore water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-yr treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel-Fe0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO3- at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO3- and SO4(2-) by Fe0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 yr of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward downgradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance.

Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: A field investigation

Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe 0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO 3 − groundwater. In the 5-year study period, the Fe 0 remained reactive as shown in pore-water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-year treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel–Fe 0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe 0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe 0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO 3 − at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe 0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO 3 − and SO 4 2− by Fe 0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 years of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward downgradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance.

Formal verification of fault tolerance in safety-critical reconfigurable modules

Demands for higher flexibility in aerospace applications has led to increasing deployment of reconfiguarble modules. In several cases the industry is looking into Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) as a means of efficient adaption of existing components. This paper addresses the safety analysis issues for reconfigurable modules with an emphasis on FPGAs. FPGAs act as digital hardware but in the context of safety analysis they should be treated as software, i.e. with added demands on formal analysis. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we illustrate a development process using a language with formal semantics (Esterel) for design, formal verification of high-level design, and automatic code generation down to synthesizable VHDL. We argue that this process reduces the likelihood of systematic (permanent) faults in the design, and still produces VHDL code that may be of acceptable quality (size of FPGA, delay). Secondly, in a general approach that is equally applicable to other formal design languages, we illustrate how the effect of transient fault modes and faults in external modules can be formally studied. We modularly extended the component design model with fault models that represent specific or random faults (e.g. radiation leading to bit flips in the component under design), and transient or permanent faults in the rest of the environment. Some faults corrupt inputs to the component and others jeopardise the effect of output signals that control the environment. This process supports a formal version of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The set-up is then used to formally determine which (single or multiple) fault modes cause violation of the top-level safety-related property, much in the spirit of fault-tree analyses (FTA). All of this is done with out building the fault tree and using a common model for design and for safety analyses. An aerospace hydraulic monitoring system is used to illustrate the analysis of fault tolerance .

Improvement and optimization of fish guidance efficiency (FGE) at a behavioural fish protection system for downstream migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts

AbstractA behaviourally based fish protection system was installed in a power canal at a hydroelectric facility on the Exploits River, Grand Falls‐Windsor, Newfoundland, Canada. The river contains an anadromous wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the order of 30 000 returning adults annually. A floating louvre and bypass was installed to protect downstream migrating smolt from entering penstocks and turbines at the end of a power canal at the generating facility. The efficiency and effectiveness of this protection system has been evaluated since 1997 through a combination of conventional tagging (passive integrated transponder, Floy and streamer tags) and use of radio telemetry. Detailed velocity profiling was also conducted along the louvre array, bypass, and throughout the canal to assess the hydraulic performance of the protection system. Initial monitoring in 1997 and 1998 indicated low fish guidance efficiencies (FGEs) for smolt of 25 and 24.3%, respectively. In 1998, a digital spectrum processing (DSP) telemetry system, with multiple antennae, was installed along the louvre array to assist in identification of problem areas where fish were bypassing the louvre. Integration of DSP results with hydraulic monitoring suggested fish loss was associated with hydraulic turbulence and irregularities in the guidance velocities. In 1999, a ‘to scale’ physical model of the power canal, louvre and bypass system was constructed at a hydraulic laboratory to evaluate structural and operational improvements to the system. Field results and hydraulic scale modelling resulted in changes to the canal, louvre angle and bypass entrance, prior to operation in 1999 and 2000. Subsequent monitoring of smolt out‐migration in 1999, 2000 and 2001 indicated substantial improvement in unadjusted FGEs to 54.0, 65.3, and 73.3%, respectively. The paper demonstrates application of the results of detailed monitoring studies, including use of sophisticated telemetry and laboratory hydraulic modelling, for evaluation and optimization of effectiveness of a fish protection system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Development of Safety-Critical Reconfigurable Hardware with Esterel

Demands for higher flexibility in aerospace applications has led to increasing deployment of FPGAs. Clearly, analysis of safety-related properties of such components is essential for their use in safety-critical subsystems. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we illustrate a development process, using a language with formal semantics (Esterel) for design, formal verification of high-level design and automatic code generation down to VHDL. We argue that this process reduces the likelihood of systematic (permanent) faults in the design, and still produces VHDL code that is of acceptable quality (size of FPGA, delay). Secondly, we show how the design model can be modularly extended with fault models that represent random faults (e.g. radiation) leading to bit flips in the component under design (resembling FMEA), and transient or permanent faults in the rest of the environment (corrupting inputs to the component or jeopardising the effect of output signals that control the environment). The set-up is then used to formally determine which (single or multiple) fault modes cause violation of the top-level safety-related property, much in the spirit of fault-tree analyses. An aerospace hydraulic monitoring system is used to illustrate the results.

Using a vertical vibration mill for refining and mixing components of a carbide steel

The Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Special Steels (Zaporozh'e) has developed a technology of production of carbide steel—a composite material for cutting tools. When using this material, the durability of tools increases 2–5 times, in comparison with steels R18, R6M5F3, R6M5K5, and R9K5. Industrial tests of punches in cutters for mining combines, hydraulic monitor attachments, drilling bits, and deforming dies of carbide steel have shown that their durability is close to the durability of hard alloys while their production costs are lower.

Permeability, groutability and hydraulic monitoring of large dam foundations : Foyo, A Proc EUROCK'93, Lisbon, 21–24 June 1993V1, P115–120 Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1993

Permeability, groutability and hydraulic monitoring of large dam foundations : Foyo, A Proc EUROCK'93, Lisbon, 21–24 June 1993V1, P115–120 Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1993

Nozzles for jet stabilization of rocks

The shape of the exit nozzles has great importance when developing the working part of a hydraulic jet monitor. All possible types of nozzles have already been investigated in certain experimental works of A. D. Al'tshul', I. E. Idel'chik, B. N. Siov, S. S. Shavlovskii, et al. [1, 2, 4]. In the present article the authors make an attempt to generalize collected data and to substantiate the type of nozzle which can be used in jet technology of rock stabilization. During discharge of a fluid through a round orifice without an extension (Fig. la), i.e., a sharp-edge orifice, the fluid particles smoothly round it. The extreme streams impart to the jet a conoidal shape and cause its contraction at the exit from the orifice. Contraction of the jet occurs also during discharge of a fluid through a cylindrical orifice having an extension (Fig. lb). But after that the discharge can flow differently. In the ftrst case, behind the smallest section of the jet its gradual expansion occurs. It reaches the inside walls of the orifice and flows out without contraction. An isolated annular cavity forms. This is that region which is filled with air and is located between the orifice walls and contracted section of the jet. The pressure in this region is Pc. In the second case the discharge differs in no way from discharge from a orifice without an extension, but the velocity in the contracted section can be described by the equation