Hydraulic Conveyance Research Articles

Street Storm Water Conveyance Capacity

The street hydraulic capacity to convey storm water is dictated by the street gutter geometry and hydraulic characteristics. With the consideration of traffic safety, the street hydraulic conveyance capacity (SHCC) is also subject to a reduction defined by the water velocity and flow depth in the street gutter. In this study, the street hydraulic equation is rearranged to demonstrate that the water velocity and depth product in a gutter flow can serve as a safety criterion for determining the allowable SHCC. The velocity and water depth product and discharge reduction methods were examined and revised to establish the consistency in predictions. The revised design procedures developed in this study replace the current iterative process with a direct estimation of the allowable SHCC when a safety criterion is specified.

The limits of phosphorus removal in wetlands

The phosphorus concentrations exported from wetlands are explored via data and a first order model. The graph of outlet concentration versus areal phosphorus loading is used to display these data and the model. For a given wetland, data and models show that P concentrations show an ‘S’ curve response to increasing P loadings. The lower plateau is the background concentration and the upper plateau is the inlet concentration. The position of the ascending limb between the two plateaus is positioned differently for different wetlands. Phosphorus (P) removal in wetlands is often typified by a stable decreasing gradient of P concentrations from inlet to outlet, and an accompanying stable decreasing gradient in P assimilation. Limits to removal are inherent in the physical, chemical and biological processes. A lower outlet concentration limit exists because of the P cycle in the un-impacted wetland. The loading at which the outlet concentration departs from background, the lower knee in the loading curve, varies from wetland to wetland. An upper outlet concentration limit is imposed by the source concentration for extremely high inflows. The first order mass balance equation interpolates between these limits. The model gives further insights about performance within an overall envelope. The water carrying capacity of the wetland precludes flows in excess of the hydraulic conveyance capacity, thus limiting the possible P loadings to the system. Conversely, extremely low hydraulic loadings cause the wetland to be dominated by atmospheric additions and losses. The central tendency of inter-system data in the North American Database is shown to be inadequate to draw generalized conclusions about ecosystem processes in an individual wetland. The proposed ‘one gram rule’ of Richardson, et al. (1997) is shown to be an over-simplification.

Synthesis of195mPt radiolabeled cisdiammine (glycolato) platinum (II) of high radionuclidic purity

An experimental method is described for the synthesis of195mPt-radiolabeled cis-diammine (glycolato) platinum (II) (254-S). Ten mg of 95% enriched194Pt was irradiated for 75 h in the hydraulic conveyer of KUR at a thermal neutron flux of ca. 8.15×1013 n·cm−2·s−1, and the195mPt-radiolabeled 254-S was synthesized and purified using HPLC (column: Dichrosorb Diol, elution: 80% CH3CN). The chemical yield was approximately 45%, with chemical purity greater than 98.4%. The radionuclidic purity was nearly 100% and the specific activity, 7.2 MBq·mg−1 254-S.

Synthesis of platinum‐195m radiolabelled cis‐diammine(1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylato) platinum(II) of high radionuclidic purity

AbstractAn experimental method is described for the synthesis of 195mPt‐radiolabeled cis‐diammine(1,1‐eyclobutanedicarboxylatio) platinum(II) (carboplatin). 10 mg of 95 % enriched 194 PT was irradiated for 75 h in the hydraulic conveyer of KUR at a thermal neutron flux of approx.8.15 × 1013 n'cm−2'sec−1, and the 195mPt‐radiolabeled carboplatin was synthesized and purified using HPLC (column; C18‐ODS). The chemical yield was higher than 59.1 %, its chemical purity was greater than 99.3 %, the radionuclidic purity was nearly 100 % and the specific activity was 6.0 MBq, mg−1 carboplatin.

ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RIVER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

The design, construction and management of waterways have traditionally been based on hydraulic engineering principles. Design procedures generally utilize open channel flow equations, and hydrologic and hydraulic routing equations. Hydraulic capacity, conveyance and evacuation of flood flows have been the primary objectives in system design. Some hydraulic structures have damaged aquatic habitats.To obtain environmental sustainability, there is now increased pressure to ensure that ecological factors are considered in river basin development and management projects. The above computational methods, as well as computer simulation models of river hydraulics lack ecological parameters. Waterways including large international rivers such as the Nile are unique ecosystems, which provide habitats for aquatic biota.Therefore, hydrologic and hydraulic modifications to waterways should seek to protect and enhance aquatic species. This paper outlines the ecological variables that ought to be considered in the desi...

Synthesis of195mPt radiolabeled (−)-(R)-2-aminomethyl-pyrrolidine (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-2-platinum(II) monohydrate using high performance liquid chromatography

An experimental method is described for the synthesis of195mPt-radiolabeled (−)-(R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-2-platinum (II) (DWA2114R). An amount of 10 mg of 95% enriched194Pt was irradiated for 75 h in the hydraulic conveyer of the KUR at a thermal neutron flux of approximately 8.1×1013 n.cm−2.sec−1 and the195mPt-radiolabeled DWA2114R was purified using HPLC. The chemical yield is higher than 65%, its chemical purity is greater than 99.2%, the radiochemical purity is nearly 100%, and the specific activity is 6.7 MBq. mg−1 DWA2114R.

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Hydraulic Conveying of Snow

In order to remove snow from an area where application of conventional techniques encounters difficulties, hydraulic conveying of the snow using a pump and pipe-line is beginning to be considered an alternative. However, instruments and engineering principles for such a technique are still to be developed. With this aim, the improvement of a water separator, a device to control snow fraction, was attained and consequently, investigations were conducted on its applicability as a gate valve for a snow/water mixture and on the mechanism of snow choking the channel. The water separator designed in this research was successfully applied to raise the snow fraction up to 40%, or to concentrate the mixture to make the snow fraction higher by a factor of 3. The mixing of granulated-snow did not increase the pressure drop at the gate valve and choking was avoided, providing that the ice blocks contained in the mixture, were not larger than the opening at the gate. The choking of the channel due to snow was classified into two categories and consequently, the relevant mechanisms for each of them were also clarified. These results provide useful engineering information on avoiding choking of the channel with snow, which is one of the greatest obstacles in the practical application of hydraulic covering of snow.

Synthesis of195mPt radiolabelled cis-diamminedichloroplatinum/II/ of high chemical and radiochemical purity using high performance liquid chromatography

An improved method is described for the synthesis of195mPt-radiolabelled cis-diamminedichloroplatinum/II. An amount of 10 mg of 95% enriched194Pt was irradiated for 75 h in the hydraulic conveyer of the KUR at a thermal neutron flux of approximately 8.15×1013 n.cm−2.sec−1 and the195mPt-radiolabelled CDDP was purified using HPLC. The chemical yield is 61% its chemical purity is greater than 99.74% the radiochemical purity is nearly 100%, and the specific activity is 7.4×106 Bq mg−1 CDDP/200 μCi mg−1 CDDP/.

Hydraulic Conveying of Solids through Horizontal Pipe Rotating about Its Axis

Hydraulic Conveying of Solids through Horizontal Pipe Rotating about Its Axis

A Method for Measuring Particle Flux in Hydraulic Conveying by Counting Frequencies of Collision Impulses on a Piezoelectric Element

A Method for Measuring Particle Flux in Hydraulic Conveying by Counting Frequencies of Collision Impulses on a Piezoelectric Element

A biological synthesis of adenosine di- and triphosphates using recoiled 31P atoms obtained from the β-decay of 31Si

30 mg of 30Si (70–90 % enriched 30SiO 2) were irradiated in the hydraulic conveyer of the KUR (Kyoto University Reactor) for 10 h (thermal neutron flux, approx. 8.0 · 10 13 neutrons/cm 2 per sec). Immediately after the irradiation, 0.5 μC of [ 14C]AMP or [ 14C]ADP was added, and all the 31Si was allowed to decay during 2–3 days at 0–3°. Paper chromatography and radioautography showed that about 0.2 % AMP and ADP had been converted into ADP and ATP, respectively. The origin of optical activity in biological materials is discussed in connection with the non-conservation of parity during β-decay.

Abiological synthesis of adenosine 2′-, 3′- and 5′-monophosphates using recoiled 31P atoms obtained from the β-decay of 31Si

30 mg of 30Si (70–90 % enriched 30SiO 2) were irradiated in a hydraulic conveyer of Kyoto University Reactor for 10 h (thermal neutron flux, approx. 8.0 · 10 13 neutrons/cm 2 per sec). Immediately after irradiation, 0.5 μC of [ 14C]adenosine was added, and all the 31Si was allowed to decay for 2–3 days at room temperature. Paper chromatography and radioautography showed that about 2 % of the adenosine was converted to AMP (approx. 1 % 5′-AMP, approx. 0.5 % 2′-AMP, approx. 0.5 % 3′-AMP). We suppose that an identical reaction took place in the primordial earth and might have played an important role in the origin of life.

Pressure Drop in the Hydraulic Conveyance of Solid Materials through a Bend in a Vertical Plane

Pressure Drop in the Hydraulic Conveyance of Solid Materials through a Bend in a Vertical Plane

Pressure Drop in the Hydraulic Conveyance of Solid Materials through a Bend in a Vertical Plane

A formula for pressure drop caused by a bend is derived from analysis of energy relation in flow. The additive term in this formula, corresponding to the change of the fluid motion, is determined by the results of experiment, and is discussed in connection with patterns of flow through a bend. This formula is in good agreement with the results of experiment within the errors of measurement. The range of a pipe line in which flow is affected by a bend is similar to the case of pure fluid. Velocity of a particle through a bend and the optimum curvature of a bend with less pressure loss are also discussed in the present paper.

固体粒子の流体輸送 : 風力輸送と水力輸送とにおける圧力損失の相似性

固体粒子の流体輸送 : 風力輸送と水力輸送とにおける圧力損失の相似性

Hydraulic Conveying of Solids

Hydraulic Conveying of Solids

微粒鑛石の水力輸送に就て

微粒鑛石の水力輸送に就て