Hydration Of Alcohols Research Articles

Estimation of the Amount of Hydration of Alcohols

Abstract The amount of hydration for alcohols in aqueous solution was estimated, assuming that the molecular sound velocity of a solution can be calculated from that for each constituent of the solution and their molal fraction, thereby regarding the water of hydration as the third component different from the free solvent and rather resembling ice as far as the sound velocity is concerned. The quantities thus calculated showed the general behavior of hydration water and also proved to be proportional to the heat of hydration.

Studies on the Heat of Solution. I. Heats of Solution of Crystalline Pentaerythritol and Mesoerythritol

Abstract (i) The heats of solution of pentaerythritol and mesoerythritol have been measured at 18°C and found to be both of endothermic. (4.77 kcal./mole and 5.24 kcal./mole). (ii) The heats of dilution of both substances are of exothermic. (iii) From the heats of sublimation and of solution, the heats of hydration were determined (26.6 kcal./mole for pentaerythritol and 27.1 kcal./mole for mesoerythritol). (iv) It was found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds cause considerable deviations from the improved Butler rule on the heats of hydration of alcohols.

THE DECOMPOSITION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL OVER SOME POLY-COMPONENT CATALYSTS

Numerous experiments have been carried out on the decomposition of alcohol, alcohol and water, and alcohol and carbon dioxide mixtures over poly-component catalysts at temperatures up to 500 °C. Quantitative data on the gaseous and the liquid products were obtained. The properties of the poly-component catalysts, as evidenced by the simple primary and secondary reactions, have been shown to be qualitatively those of the single components.Methane can be produced in one or more of several secondary reactions, namely, the decomposition of acetaldehyde, the hydrogenation of carbon oxides and the decomposition of ethylene. Ethane can be produced in one or both of two reactions consisting of auto-oxidation and reduction of the alcohol, or the secondary hydrogenation of ethylene, confirming previous work. Carbon dioxide, in most cases, is formed as a result of the water-gas reaction and the decomposition of carbon monoxide. In other cases its origin is obscure. The results of certain experiments in which carbon dioxide and hydrogen were the major constituents of the off-gas cannot be explained in the same way. Reactions involving ketene decomposition and polymerization, and hydration of alcohol, have been suggested as possible explanations.