Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide Research Articles

Integration of Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Films for Enhanced Energy Storage and Harvesting

Integration of Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Films for Enhanced Energy Storage and Harvesting

Thermolysis of Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide

The thermolysis of hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) has been studied in the temperature range from 25 to 1000°C using a variety of experimental techniques: thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, pycnometry, elemental microanalysis, and mass spectrometry. The composition and structure of the forming phases have been determined. It has been shown that the initial stages of HAP thermolysis, in the temperature range 24–500°C, include dehydration processes and the formation of anhydrous antimony pentoxide, Sb2O5. At temperatures above 500°C, the process includes oxygen removal, the reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III), and the formation of Sb6O13 and Sb2O4. The pyrochlore structure of HAP (sp. gr. Fd3m) has been shown to persist in the course of the phase transformations at temperatures below 700°C. Analysis of our experimental data has allowed us to propose a model for crystallographic site occupancies in the pyrochlore-type structure of the phases obtained and determine their temperature stability ranges.

K 0-RNAA used in determination of 129I in a mixed resin sample

A k 0-RNAA procedure was developed to determine 129I in a mixed resin sample. CH4 extraction and (NH4)2SO3 back-extraction were used to separate 129I in ashed samples. The 129I target sample for irradiation in the reactor was prepared by heating the (NH4)2SO3 back-extraction solution to reduce its volume and then to dry it in a quartz ampoule. No MgO and LiOH were needed during the target sample preparation. After irradiation, the nuclide 130I was purified by combining hydrated antimony pentoxide column and CH4 extraction separations. A k-factor was determined for the reaction of 127I (n, 2n) 126I and used for iodine chemical yield determination. The apparent 129I concentrations of five nuclear reaction interferences were calculated. The relative standard deviation of three 129I determinations was found to be 3.5 %. The 129I content in the analyzed resin was found to be 1.36 × 10−9 g/g (8.63 × 10−3 Bq/g) with a relative uncertainty of 9.1 %. The detection limit of 129I was calculated to be 7.4 × 10−13 g (4.7 × 10−6 Bq) in a k 0-RNAA of a blank sample.

Separation of radioindium (N.C.A.) from neutron irradiated tin and cadmium on hydrated antimony pentoxide

Hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) as an absorbent for column operation has been prepared by hydrolysis of SbCl5 with deionized water. Sorption behavior of Sn, Cd, Sb and In was studied on HAP in HCl medium. Radiochemical separation of no-carrier added113mIn from113Sn/125Sb and115mIn from115Cd wa achieved over a HAPO column. The separated products were of high radionuclidic purity.

Multi-element analysis of aluminum-based ceramic powders by instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis

Instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis have been applied to a comprehensive trace characterization of aluminium oxide and aluminium nitride powders using conventional irradiation conditions as well as a special facility providing an extremely low ratio of fast to thermal neutrons enabling to reduce essentially the production of 24Na via the reaction 27Al(n, α). Irradiation modes and experimental parameters are given for the determination of 56 elements leading to limits of detection below 100 ng g −1 for 39 elements. For the analysis of sample materials of good and high purity using usual neutron flux profiles, the selective removal of 24Na was achieved by its adsorption on a hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) column from 12 M HCl. For a number of elements, the results obtained on materials of different purity grades are compared with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry within an interlaboratory intercomparison.

Composite ion exchanger for removal of sodium-24 from mineralizates of biological materials in neutron activation analysis

A composite ion exchanger containing hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) in polystyrene-divinylbenzene matrix has been prepared. Its sorption properties with respect to Na, As, Au, Cd, Cu, Ga, Hg, In, K, La, Mn, Mo (Tc), Pd, Pt, Sb, W and Zn have been examined. Sodium is quantitatively retained on the sorbent from 8M HCl solution as well as from a mixture of conc. H2SO4+ conc. HNO3+H2O (1+1+2). As, W, Cd and Sb are partially retained, while the remaining elements are not retained and can be quantitatively eluted. The composite ion exchanger is stable to oxidizing acid media and it can be directly applied to separation of24Na from mineralizates of neutron-irradiated biological materials.

Composition and structure of phases formed in the process of hydrated antimony pentoxide thermolysis

The composition and structure of phases formed in the thermolysis of hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, isothermal thermogravimetric, volumetric, and NMR methods. It has been shown that (a) the HAP thermolysis at 400–1110 K proceeds in four steps: at each step a phase of specific composition is formed (P i -phases: i = 2–5). The P 5-phase, composition Sb 6O 13, is known. Phases P 2, P 3, and P 4 have been identified in the present study. (b) The HAP → P 2 and P 2 → P 3 transformations are accompanied only by dehydration; the P 5 → Sb 2O 4 transformation is accompanied only by reduction processes; the P 3 → P 4 and P 4 → P 5 transformations are accompanied by both dehydration and reduction. (c) The HAP of formula Sb 2O 5 · nH 2O, with 2 ≤ n ≤ 4, is a phase of variable composition, ranging from Sb 2O 5 · 2H 2O to Sb 2O 5 · 4H 2O. (d) The protons in HAP are present in the form of hydrogen and/or hydronium ions, as well as water molecules of crystallization; in P i -phases ( i = 2–4) they exist only in the form of hydrogen ions. The H + and (H 2O)H + ions are statistically distributed over positions 16 d, while antimony and oxygen atoms and water molecules of crystallization occupy positions 16 c, 48 f, and 8 b, respectively.

Multielemental analysis of Brazilian milk powder and bread samples by neutron activation

The concentrations of Na, Cl, Mn, Br, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Cr, Al and Mg were determined in some types of bread and in some brands of milk powder consumed in the city of Sao Paulo (SP—Brasil), by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Radiochemical separations were carried out by means of retention of24Na on hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) from a 8N HCl solution, after digestion of the organic matter. It was possible in this way to determine the radioisotopes64Cu,69mZn and140La in the effluent solution. The detection limits of the trace elements analyzed in bread and milk powder samples were determined using the Currie and Girardi criterions.

Studies on the selectivity of Na+ separation on specially prepared hydrated antimony pentoxide

The selectivity of Na+ separation on especially prepared hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) was studied with respect to trace elements. For this purpose NaCl samples, doped with 0.5 μg each of altogether 21 selected elements in form of suitable neutron activated compounds, were in relation to practice subjected to column experiments. In some cases trace elements were used in different oxidation states. Considered were elements which are of particular interest for neutron activation analysis. With simultaneous retention of Na+ (DK≥108) Cs, Ba, Sc, La, Ce, Eu, Cr, Mo, Mn, Co, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Sb are completely eluted from the HAP column, using 7.5N HCl, whereby Cs and to some extent Ba and Sc in comparison to the elements mentioned above required a higher elution volume. Rb, Se and As on the contrary were almost quantitatively retained on HAP column, W partly as WO 4 2− . The scope of validity of the results will be discussed.

Studies on the preparation of hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) to separate Na+ in the field of radioanalytical investigations

Hydrated antimony pentoxide with favourable chemical and mechanical properties could be produced from an aqueous suspension of antimonic acid by a two stage drying process.

A Study of the Adsorption of22Na from acid solutions on Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide

The technique of sodium removal from acid solutions with Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide (HAP) has been used as a separation and preconcentration step in the determination of trace elements in many matrices. In trying to understand the mechanism of the sodium retention process the studies have revealed that although the retained sodium is difficult to elute, it can undergo an exchange process with dilute solutions of NaCl in hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen ions play a role in this exchange process. 7 references, 2 figures.

Determination of some toxic trace metals in Nigerian river and harbor water samples by neutron activation analysis

The determination of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, and Se in two Nigerian rivers and two Nigerian harbor waters is described. The water samples were preconcentrated by both evaporation at room temperature and freeze evaporation under reduced pressure. Postirradiation chemical separation of sodium, using hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) in 6M HCl, and of bromine, by oxidation with KMnO4 and subsequent removal by extraction with CHCl3, was employed. The measured concentrations of these elements in some water samples, which are relatively high, can be attributed to local pollution.

Determination of cesium and potassium in marine species by neutron activation analysis

Cesium and potassium were determined in muscle-tissues of squid, dover sole, albacore, and bocaccio by NAA. Potassium was measured instrumentally, while cesium was radio-chemically separated. For the separation of cesium, hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) was used to retain24Na, and ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) was used to absorb quantitatively the radiocesium,134mCs. The cesium and potassium contents were based on measuring the short-lived radionuclide of cesium, 2.90 h-134mCs, and 12.4 h-42K. The mean concentrations of cesium found, based on 3–4 replicate measurements for each fish, were: 4.18±0.32 ng/g squid, 11.51±0.30 ng/g dover sole, 43.64±1.03 ng/g albacore, and 56.85±3.61 ng/g bocaccio. The mean concentrations of potassium found were: 1.28±0.10 mg/g squid, 2.78±0.29 mg/g dover sole, 3.69±0.06 mg/g albacore, and 4.18±0.10 mg/g bocaccio.

Synthetic Inorganic Ion-Exchange Materials. XXVII. A Study on Ion-Exchange Selectivity in Crystalline Antimonic(V) Acid and Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide for Various Metal Ions in Nitric Acid Media

Abstract A comparative study of ion-exchange selectivity was carried out between crystalline antimonic(V) acid (C-SbA) and hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP). The extended plate theory was applied for evaluating the values of distribution coefficients of various metal ions on HAP from the retention results reported by Girardi et al. The results indicate that the ion-exchange selectivity of C-SbA is essentially compatible with that in HAP for 17 of 20 metal ions.

A new technique in neutron activation analysis of Na/K ratios of fluid inclusions and its application to the gold–quartz veins at the O'Brien mine, Quebec, Canada

A new analytical technique which employs hydrated antimony pentoxide to selectively remove Na from Na–K–Cl mixed fluids was successfully tested. With this technique, the uncertainty in the K determination of inclusion fluids by neutron activation analyses can be reduced to less than ± 10% compared to greater than ± 20% uncertainty which is typical in the conventional techniques.Na/K ratios of fluid inclusions in 14 quartz samples from gold–quartz veins at the O'Brien mine. Quebec, Canada were determined using this technique. The Na/K atomic ratio of the samples ranges from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 24.3 ± 3.9. Optical examinations of the fluid inclusions indicate that the variation in the Na/K ratios is caused by the presence of varying proportions of four different types of fluid inclusions: type I (pregold mineralization fluids: CO2 rich), type II (gold mineralizing fluids showing evidence of boiling at temperatures of 380°–300 °C), type III (postgold mineralization fluids; vapor – liquid two phase inclusions), and type IV (postgold mineralization fluids; halite bearing), Type II fluid inclusions appear to have Na/K atomic ratios of approximately 1.0, while type IV inclusions show Na/K ratios of over 24.

Determination of sodium in high-purity zinc and selenium by neutron activation

A method is described for the determination of traces of sodium in high-purity zinc and selenium by neutron activation. The sample and portions of standard solution were irradiated in JRR-2 for 20 min at a thermal neutron flux of about 7 × 1013n/cm2· sec.The samples irradiated were cooled for about 2 hours.The zinc sample was etched with 5 N sulfuric acid and then dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The selenium sample was etched with aqua regia, dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, and converted to concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. The sample solution was poured into a hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) column (5φ × 30 mm) which was previously conditioned with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The column was washed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Sodium-24 was adsorbed on HAP but zinc and selenium were not. The column was transferred to a polyethylene vial and its γ-activity was measured with a 3 x 3 inch NaI(Tl) detector and 400 channel pulse-height analyzer. The 2.754 MeV γ-ray photopeak of 24Na was used for the determination. The standard solutions were treated in the same way as the samples. Nuclides produced from zinc and selenium did not interfere with the determination of sodium.The proposed method was successfully applied to three NBS standard samples. A detection limit of this method was 10-3 ppm Na in zinc and selenium.

A method for the determination of Mn, Cu, Zn, K and Na in small tissue biopsies by neutron activation analysis

A method has been worked out for the determination of Mn, Cu, Zn, K and Na in tissue biopsies weighing between 10 and 50 mg. The samples were dried, packed in polyethylene containers and irradiated at a flux of 1.8·1012 n·cm−2·sec−1 for 48 hrs. They were dissolved and separated into five fractions by ion exchange chromatography. Managenese was precipitated and counted as MnO2 and zinc as quinaldate. Copper and potassium were counted in solution. Sodium was taken up in hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) and counted in that stage. Accuracy, precision and specificity were determined by recovery experiments and by analysis ofBowen's biological standard.

Removal of sodium from HAP

Removal of sodium from hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) was studied for several kinds of acid media.The results show that sodium ion strongly retained. on a HAP column can be easily removed by a concentrated perchloric or sulfuric acid as an effluent and quantitative recovery of sodium is obtained. The recovery of sodium from HAP are 98% and 99% in each 30 ml portions of 12M perchloric and 18M sulfuric acid, respectively.When the HAP column treated with concentrated perchloric or sulfuric acid is passed with diluted acid solution, adsorbing ability for sodium is recovered and HAP regains the same total retention capacity (1m M Na/g HAP).

Etude du comportement des metaux alcalins sur le pentoxyde d'antimoine hydrate

The behaviour of Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ ions on hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) has been studied, in various acid media and in ammonium hydroxide. The retention capacity of HAP for the alkali metal ions, as well as their retention rate, has been determined in all the media studied. Curves showing the variation of distribution coefficient values with acid or base concentration are presented.

Determination of trace elements in glass by activation analysis using hydrated antimony pentoxide for sodium removal

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of trace elements in glass by activation analysis using hydrated antimony pentoxide for sodium removalThomas E. Gills, William F. Marlow, and Barbara A. ThompsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 14, 1831–1833Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50160a069RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (408 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts