Hydrate Growth Rate Research Articles

Effects of nitrogen-doped graphene nanoflakes on methane hydrate formation

Gas hydrate technologies are gaining interest in industries concerned with the transport and storage of natural gas. Graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) have been shown to improve the properties of methane hydrate-forming solutions, and nitrogen-doped GNFs (N-GNFs) may further these promotional effects. In this study, the dissolution rates of methane and molar saturation values at 2 °C and 3146 kPa, as well as methane hydrate growth rates at 2 °C and 4646 kPa, were measured in nanofluids containing N-GNFs with both low (4.28 at. %, LN-GNFs) and high (17.41 at. %, HN-GNFs) levels of doping. Loading effects for these systems were determined, and comparisons made with previous studies of as-produced GNFs (non-doped, AP-GNFs). The addition of nanoparticles had no thermodynamic effect on the system: the molar saturation value did not change at any loading. Dissolution rates were determined to be 17.54% faster for LN-GNF solutions and 21.21% faster in HN-GNF solutions compared to the pure water baseline. At lower loadings, LN-GNFs enhanced dissolution rates 2% more compared to AP-GNFs while HN-GNFs enhancement was 7% higher. However, at higher loadings, all three nanoparticles had similar levels of enhancement. Loading effects were attributed to higher N-GNF surface energy, which would improve their dispersion through greater repulsive forces but also give them a significant propensity to agglomerate at higher loadings such that the excess Gibbs free energy of the system is reduced. Hydrate growth rates were also enhanced by 77.20% for LN- and 38.32% for HN-GNFs. Compared to AP-GNFs, LN-GNFs had similar enhancement at low concentrations in clathrate-forming systems, but enhancement was about 29% lower (growth rates were 29% slower) in the higher loading regime. HN-GNFs consistently showed rate enhancements that were about 47.5% lower on average. This diminished enhancement could have resulted from the greater effective N-GNF concentration coupled with their higher propensity to agglomerate.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Promoters for Gas Hydrate Technological Applications

In recent years, there has been growing interest in gas hydrates as technological applications, such as for energy (methane and hydrogen) storage and transportation, separation (gas and desalination), and carbon capture. However, there are several challenges that deter large-scale applications and commercialization of these hydrate-based technologies. One of the main challenges is the long induction time and slow growth of hydrate particles, which can increase the overall operating costs of these technologies. It has been reported that the addition of additives (known as hydrate promoters) can help improve the nucleation and growth rate of hydrates. In general, there are two types of hydrate promoters: thermodynamic hydrate promoters and kinetic hydrate promoters. Thermodynamic hydrate promoters shift the hydrate equilibrium curve to milder conditions (i.e., lower pressures and higher temperatures), while kinetic hydrate promoters reduce the induction time for hydrate formation and increase the growth rate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of the two types of hydrate promoters (thermodynamic and kinetic) and their effects on hydrate phase equilibria, induction time, and growth rate.

Experimental Study on the Influence of Micron SiO2 on the Kinetics of Hydrate Formation

In order to explore the kinetic mechanism of hydrate formation in a system containing micron-sized SiO2 particles, this paper uses a high-pressure reactor device with stirring function to record changes in pressure, temperature and torque during the growth of hydrates through a data acquisition system, based on the conservation of mass in the system The principle and gas equation of state calculate the kinetic parameters of hydrate formation such as gas consumption in the reactor, hydrate formation rate and induction time, and analyze the influence of particle size and particle concentration on the kinetic characteristics of hydrate formation based on the experimental results. The experimental results show that the particle content has no obvious effect on the average growth rate of hydrate in the range of 1%-7%, but increasing the particle content can effectively reduce the hydration induction time; when the particle size is in the range of 2.5-85 μm, the larger the particle size, the shorter the hydrate induction time and the greater the hydrate growth rate.

Water Wettability Coupled with Film Growth on Realistic Cyclopentane Hydrate Surfaces.

Although the wettability of hydrate surfaces and hydrate film growth are key to understanding hydrate agglomeration and pipeline plugging, a quantitative understanding of the coupled behavior between both phenomena is lacking. In situ measurements of wettability coupled with film growth were performed for cyclopentane hydrate surfaces in cyclopentane at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 1.5-6.8 °C. Results were obtained as a function of annealing (conversion) time and subcooling. Hydrate surface wettability decreased as annealing time increased, while hydrate film growth rate was unaffected by annealing time at any subcooling. The results are interpreted as a manifestation of the hydrate surface porosity, which depends on annealing time and controls water spreading on the hydrate surface. The wettability generally decreased as the subcooling increased because higher subcooling yields rougher hydrate surfaces, making it harder for water to spread. However, this effect is balanced by hydrate growth rates, which increase with subcooling. Also affecting the results, surface heating from heat release (from exothermic crystallization) allows excess surface water to promote spreading. The hydrate film growth rate on water droplets increased with subcooling, as expected from a higher driving force. At any subcooling, the instantaneous hydrate growth rate decreased over time, likely from heat transfer limitations. A new phenomenon was observed, where the angle at the three-phase point increases from the initial contact angle upon hydrate film growth, named the crystallization angle. This is attributed to the water droplet trying to spread while the thin film is weak enough to be redirected. Once the hydrate film grows and forms a "wall" around the droplet, it cannot be moved, and further growth yields a crater on the droplet surface, attributed to water penetrating the hydrate surface pore structures. This fundamental behavior has many flow assurance implications since it affects the interactions between the agglomerating hydrate particles and water droplets.

Study the effect of Ag nanoparticles on the kinetics of CO2 hydrate growth by molecular dynamics simulation

This paper aims to study the effect of silver nanoparticles on the kinetics of CO2 hydrate growth at different P-T conditions using the molecular dynamics (MD) technique.Three nanofluid models containing 2, 4 and 6 nanoparticles (NPs) as well as a base model (without NPs) were designed to study the effect of nanoparticle concentration on the gas hydrate system. The profiles of potential energy (PE), mean squared displacement (MSD) and density along the simulation box, and the number of CO2 molecules at the hydrate-liquid interfaces, diffusion coefficient, three-body structural order (F3) and also radial distribution function (RDF) were calculated from the simulation. The results revealed that the rate of hydrate growth increases as the temperature increases from 250 K to 260 K at a constant pressure of 30 MPa. A similar trend was also achieved for decreasing the pressure from 30 MPa to 15 MPa at constant temperature of 250 K, however, increasing the temperature to 270 K at 30 MPa decreased again the growth rate.Among the simulation models, the 2-NP fluid model at 260 K and 30 MPa was found to have the highest hydrate growth rate. It was found that nanoparticles have several impacts on the CO2 hydrate system as follows: they could lower the potential energy of the system, increase the peak’s height of the carbon–oxygen and carbon–carbon RDFs, facilitate CO2 dissolution, enhance the diffusion coefficient, and improve the migration of CO2 molecules from the bulk of the solution to the interfaces, and also could physically block the CO2 migration at high concentrations. Finally, form the RDF calculations, the results of our simulation are in good agreement with those reported in the literature with an average error of less than 10%.

Modeling Growth Kinetics of Methane Hydrate in Stirred Tank Batch Reactors

Hydrate formation could be looked upon as multicomponent and multiphase reaction which is heavily dependent on mass transfer and heat transfer limitations even under favorable thermodynamic conditions. Gas uptake measurement is one of the easiest ways to understand the kinetics of hydrate growth. In a typical gas uptake measurement, one could easily observe three phases of hydrate formation: in phase-I, hydrate forming gas dissolves in the liquid phase which leads to hydrate nucleation; in phase-II, fast hydrate growth is observed; and in phase-III, hydrate grows slowly for relatively longer time periods. In a batch reactor, a slow down in hydrate growth rate as seen in phase-III is either due to a drop in the pressure of the reactor during hydrate growth and/or reduced mass transfer due to hydrate accumulation at the interface. In this work, a model is developed to predict phase-II events. The model proposed is based on an earlier model available in the literature which captured the intrinsic kinetics of gas hydrate growth for a semibatch reactor. Model discussed in the current study works for batch and semibatch reactor, it captures the kinetics for different stirrer speeds, water to gas ratios and different thermodynamic conditions. Experimental validation was done in a batch reactor at 274 K and 6 MPa with methane as the hydrate forming gas. A batch reactor with two different stirrer arrangements, different water-to-gas ratios, and different stirrer speeds were considered, and the mass transfer limitations for both the reactor configurations were studied. Further, a comparison study with the existing model and the modified model (current study) showed that the current model can be extended to other reactor types.

The impact of mono-ethylene glycol and kinetic inhibitors on methane hydrate formation

Rigorous quantification of hydrate formation probability in the presence of mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) is crucial for understanding hydrate formation risk in oil and gas production systems where the delivery of MEG for complete thermodynamic inhibition is either economically or practically infeasible. Using thermoelectrically cooled, stirred reactors, we have obtained 3,056 hydrate nucleation points in total. With these data we quantify the probability of hydrate formation in under-dosed MEG systems as a function of subcooling from the hydrate phase boundary, at MEG dosages between (5 and 25) wt% with respect to the aqueous phase. Although the addition of the MEG led to reductions in the measured formation temperatures, the corresponding subcooling distributions were similar to those measured in MEG-free systems. Furthermore, isothermal measurements at a fixed subcooling of (3.6 ± 0.1) K across a range of MEG loadings yielded comparable exponential induction time distributions. These results establish that MEG does not significantly affect either the nucleation rate or distribution of hydrate formation probabilities. Initial subcooling-dependent hydrate growth rates were also measured and reduced proportionally with the MEG dosage. Finally, we show how a low dosage kinetic hydrate inhibitor can be used together with MEG to further inhibit hydrate formation, by reducing both nucleation and growth rate. The results detailed here may be useful to the successful implementation of economically-viable, risk-based hydrate management strategies in under-inhibited systems.

Experimental investigation on the process of hydrate deposition using a rock-flow cell

Gas hydrates can readily form in deep-water oil and gas production processes and can lead to disruptions in flow conditions. In this work, in order to investigate the growth characteristics of hydrate in a gas–water system, a voltage detection system and a transparent rock-flow cell were used where a series of hydrate formation and flow experiments were conducted under different liquid holdups, rocking rates, and subcooling. For the gas–water system, the integrity of liquid film and gas–liquid contact area were important factors affecting gas phase and bulk hydrate formation respectively. In addition, the sudden transformation from water layer into hydrate deposits which captured by voltage and pressure signals was also an important factor affecting the volume of hydrate formation. Based on the voltage signal, the growth rate of gas hydrate and the effects of different factors were analyzed for the first time, gas-phase hydrate deposition can be divided into two stages: wall formation and film growth. The growth rate of the former is about 10 times faster than that of the latter. With the increase of the liquid holdup, the growth rate and duration of hydrate film decrease continuously, but only the duration of hydrate film decreases as the rotating speed decreasing. This work provides further insight on how the hydrate deposition in the gas–water system evolves in real-time.

Molecular behavior of CO2 hydrate growth in the presence of dissolvable ionic organics

Hydration-based techniques involve hydrate formation in complicated systems containing ions and organics. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the molecular behavior of hydrate nucleation and growth in such solutions. This work shows that the hydrate-growth rate in a system containing methylene blue molecules does not necessarily accelerate on increasing the subcooling. Unexpected amorphous cage clusters were observed at a lower temperature of 240 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to propose that these amorphous clusters act as mass transfer barriers disturbing the agglomeration of solutes. Herein, hydrate growth was accompanied with the exclusion of methylene blue molecules. Although methylene blue can instantaneously reside in the cavity a half-cage structure, they were subsequently replaced by CO2 molecules. Notably, chloride ions were observed to participate in cage building (42510, 512, and 51262 cages) by bonding with the oxygen atoms of the surrounding water molecules. This phenomenon shows an interaction between the methylene blue molecules and hydrate cages during the exclusion process. These results support the current understanding on hydrate formation in the presence of ion-containing organics and could help improve kinetics-dependent applications in separation process.

Amino Acids as Kinetic Promoters for Gas Hydrate Applications: A Mini Review

Gas hydrates are viewed as a potential process enabler for several critical technological applications such as methane storage, hydrogen storage, gas separation, desalination, carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, etc. Hydrate based technological applications almost always require rapid hydrate formation along with high gas uptake to be economically viable. One possible approach to achieve the same is the introduction of particular additives into the system. These additives which are known as kinetic hydrate promoters (KHPs) either reduce the time required for hydrate nucleation or enhance the rate of hydrate growth or both. In recent times, amino acids, which are essential components of the human diet and thus ecofriendly materials, have emerged as a highly effective class of KHPs and unlike surfactants (traditional KHP molecules) promise a clean mode of kinetic action, i.e., no foam formation. Here we review the application of amino acids as KHPs for gas hydrate formation thus far and present perspectives on the mechanism of action for the same.

Anti-agglomeration evaluation and Raman spectroscopic analysis on mixed biosurfactants for preventing CH4 hydrate blockage in n-octane + water systems

Hydrate formation and agglomeration in oil and gas pipelines is a serious safety and environmental problem. An eco-friendly and effective anti-agglomerant is a promising candidate to mitigate gas hydrate blockage risk environmentally and economically. This study evaluated the anti-agglomeration effect of mixed biosurfactants (rhamnolipid + trehalose lipids) through the torque changes during the CH4 hydrate growth process. The results showed that mixed biosurfactants greatly decreased the force needed for the system to be flowing. A surprising synergistic effect functioned for mixed biosurfactants, leading to the decease of dosage needed for anti-agglomeration. The CH4 hydrate formation kinetics was also studied, and the data revealed that mixed biosurfactants could fasten the gas dissolution process while did not greatly change the hydrate growth rate. In addition, the Raman spectra for CH4 hydrate formed with mixed biosurfactants were obtained and analyzed. It demonstrated that the added biosurfactants decreased the hydration number by increasing the small cage occupancy. Meanwhile, the hydrate surface became regular and smooth, which contributed to preventing hydrate blockage in oil and gas system.

Effects of Salinity on Hydrate Phase Equilibrium and Kinetics of SF6, HFC134a, and Their Mixture

In this study, the effects of salinity on the equilibrium and kinetics of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), and their mixture were evaluated to analyze their potential applications to hydrate-based desalination. The equilibrium pressure of the mixture gas (SF6/HFC134a) was lower than that of pure SF6 gas but higher than that of pure HFC134a gas. The thermodynamic effects of various concentrations (0, 3.5, 5, and 8 wt %) of NaCl on the gas hydrates were evaluated. Experiments were performed on the formation kinetics in the presence of NaCl solution at the same experimental temperature and pressure (274.15 K and 0.70 MPa). The hydrate growth rates decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The rates also declined with time, associated with the inhibition of mass transfer between the gas and the liquid. During hydrate formation, the vapor compositions of the mixture gas were analyzed by in situ Raman spectroscopy and the results were consistent with those obtained by gas chromatography. Furthermore, an in situ Raman spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that the SF6 and HFC134a molecules occupy only the large cage (51264) of the structure II (sII) hydrate during SF6/HFC134a formation and the addition of salt did not change the structure of the SF6 and HFC134a hydrates. The hydrate phase behavior and kinetic results of this study can serve as foundational data for hydrate-based desalination technology and fluorinated gases separation and recovery processes.

Molecular dynamics simulations on formation of CO2 hydrate in the presence of metal particles

Understanding and controlling the growth of CO2 hydrates is critical for a variety of industrial applications, such as sequestration of greenhouse gases. Due to the excellent physical and chemical properties, metal nanoclusters are widely used as additives in hydrate experiments. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of this process. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed at 260 K and 30 MPa by adding different types of metal particles (Cu, Fe and Ag) and different mass fractions (0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 1.3 wt%) to study the growth kinetics of the CO2 hydrate system containing pre-placed hydrate crystal cells. Simulation results showed that the presence of these metal particles has a mixed effect on the growth kinetics, and the extent of the effect seems to varies with different additives and also with the concentration of the metal particles used. It was observed that Cu particles had the most obvious promoting effect on hydrate growth. When the mass fraction of Cu particles was between 0.2 wt% and 1.0 wt%, the rate of hydrate formation increased, especially at the mass fraction of 1.0 wt%. The growth rate of CO2 hydrate was almost 50% higher than that of pure water system at this concentration. In addition, Fe particles had a medium effect on promoting CO2 hydrate growth. Ag particles had no obvious effect on CO2 hydrate growth. Results show that the addition of metal particles with high specific surface areas greatly increases the mass and heat transfer among the gas, liquid and hydrate phases, which is conducive to the growth of CO2 hydrate.

Kinetic inhibition of structure I and II hydrate using novel modified poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)s in methane-water and methane-THF-water systems

In the present study, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)s (PVCaps) as potent kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) were synthesized to unveil their effect on the structure I (sI) and structure II (sII) hydrate nucleation and growth rate. With the aim of enhancing the KHI performance of PVCap, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, and L-cysteine as chain transfer agents (CTAs) were applied to produce polymers with different end groups. The synthesized polymers were evaluated in methane-water system and methane-THF-water system. All of the modified PVCaps outperformed the non-modified PVCap in terms of cloud point temperature (Tcl) and decreasing both sI and sII hydrate growth rate. The most effective PVCap to reduce the sI growth rate was mercaptoacetic acid-modified PVCap, while mercaptopropionic acid-modified PVCap was the strongest to slow down the sII growth rate. Furthermore, the synthesized polymers acted better than commercial Luvicap EG and PVP to retard the induction time in a way that the relative inhibition power (RIP) value for PVCap was 1.5 times greater than the RIP when Luvicap EG was used, also the maximum subcooling that synthesized PVCap could tolerated, was 2.7 and 1.5 K greater than that of PVP and Luvicap EG, respectively. Besides, it was found that a blend of PVCap (MWav = 4308 g/mol) with a higher molecular weight PVCap (6900 g/mol) had the best performance to increase the RIP values to 4.07 and 22.87 on sI and sII hydrate, respectively.

Investigating hydrate formation rate and the viscosity of hydrate slurries in water-dominant flow: Flowloop experiments and modelling

Water dominated flow is typically encountered in mature oil and gas fields after water breakthrough has occurred; gas hydrate formation in these systems is generally associated with a high risk of flowline blockage. With the move towards production of natural hydrate deposits as an abundant source of gas, understanding water dominated flow will become increasingly important, particularly as these systems inherently operate near or within the hydrate equilibrium region. In this work, we present an improved mass-transfer limited hydrate growth rate model, which includes the effect of hydrate slurry viscosification on formation. This is validated through several methane hydrate formation experiments employing a 10 mm ID flowloop operating at high water cut (100 vol% water).The model is based on understanding mass transfer limitations for hydrate slurry systems; the mass transfer coefficient itself was estimated by the small eddy cell model and considers changes in the viscosity and diffusion coefficient due to an increase in hydrate volume fraction. Further, differential effective medium theory was employed to predict the viscosity of the hydrate slurry. The gas-water interfacial area was directly estimated (without any correlations) by employing high quality images captured through an in-line camera instrumented on the flowloop. Experimental results obtained from the flowloop were used to validate the overall growth rate predictions of our model. Overall, this work offers a pathway to improve predictive capabilities for the coming generation of natural gas hydrate production, and to increase confidence in our ability to actively manage hydrate formation for water dominant systems.

Coal mine gas separation of methane via clathrate hydrate process aided by tetrahydrofuran and amino acids

Coal bed methane (CBM) is an unconventional natural gas resource generated and stored in coal seams. It is currently not commercially viable in many regions due to the high concentration of non-flammable gases such as nitrogen. The CBM separation is crucial for both economic benefit and methane emission reduction. The biggest challenge lies in the separation of low-concentration CBM. Gas separation via gas hydrate is gaining great attraction due to its safe, clean, and economically efficient features. We examined the effects of two environmentally benign amino acids L-tryptophan and L-leucine on hydrate formation from 30% CH4/70% N2 mixture in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF, 5.56 mol%). Experiments were carried out at 283.2 K and 3.0 MPa with different solution volumes to study the impact of gas/liquid volume ratio (calculated at standard pressure and temperature conditions). The lower gas/liquid volume ratio improved the CH4 recovery ratio and separation factor but lowered the kinetics. The effect of amino acid is concentration-dependent. In synergy with 5.56 mol% THF solution (gas/liquid volume ratio of 67/1), L-tryptophan (5000 ppm) enhanced the CH4 recovery ratio from 58.3% to 71.4% and boosted the initial hydrate growth rate by 130%. On the other hand, L-leucine (5000 ppm) showed no obvious impact on the kinetics but achieved the highest CH4 enrichment in the hydrate phase (from 30.0 mol% in the feed gas to 56.8 mol% in the hydrates). The high CH4 recovery ratio, enhanced kinetics, and simplicity of this process demonstrate the potential of developing an efficient and economical recovery method for low-concentration CBM.

Molecular dynamics simulation of the effects of different salts on methane hydrate formation: an analysis of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2

The formation of hydrates in seawater is of great significance for hydrate prevention and control and seawater desalination. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the spontaneous methane hydrate formation in 3.5wt % (seawater salinity) NaCl, 3.5wt % KCl and 3.5wt % CaCl2 solution, respectively. Results indicated that salt inhibited the formation of hydrates, and the strength of inhibition followed the sequence of 3.5wt % CaCl2 > 3.5wt % NaCl > 3.5wt % KCl. Salt inhibited nucleation and growth of hydrates by suppressing methane dissolution and reducing the number of tetrahedral water molecules in the methane hydration layer. It was observed that Na+, K+ and Cl- can replace the water molecules in the hydrate cage to participate in the formation of the cage. Compared with the pure water system and KCl system with a fast hydrate growth rate, the randomness of hydrate crystallization was smaller in the NaCl system and CaCl2 system with slow hydrate growth rate.

Different pathways for methane hydrate nucleation and crystallization at high supercooling: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations

Natural gas hydrates are potential energy sources in the future, and thus it is important to understand its microscopic formation process. In this study, fourteen molecular dynamics (MD)trajectories were performed using the all-atom models by direct molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nucleation and crystallization of methane hydrate from two-phase system of methane and water at T = 250 K and P = 50 MPa. Due to the strong interaction parameters used between water and methane in this study, methane molecules from gas phase can quickly enter the water phase to form supersaturated solution in the initial stage, increasing the probability of nucleation and the formation rate of hydrates. It was found that the hydrate nucleation and growth rate were slow in the initial configurations with the low-content methane, which is more conducive to the formation of crystalline hydrate. In configurations with low-content methane, sI crystal domains, sII crystal domains and polycrystalline structures with the coexistence of sI-like and sII were observed obviously in three trajectories. Our simulated results show that, at high supercooling, methane and water can still directly form crystalline methane hydrate.

The delay of gas hydrate formation by kinetic inhibitors

The formation of gas hydrates is crucial to many technological applications including energy production, energy storage, desalination, and CO2 capture. Kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) chemicals have been used industrially for over 25 years to suppress hydrate formation in key industrial applications. However the mechanisms by which they operate, and specifically whether they delay nucleation or just retard growth, remain open questions. Here induction time probability distributions for methane hydrates were measured at several constant subcoolings as a function of KHI concentration. This allowed the hydrate nucleation and growth rates at each condition to be separately quantified through the observed induction times and initial gas consumption rates, respectively. Adding a KHI produces a Gamma-distribution of induction times, characterized by two parameters: nucleation rate and the average number of events associated with detection. This is qualitatively different to the exponential distributions of induction time probabilities observed in systems without any KHI. These data reveal how KHIs both increase the nucleation work required to form a critical nuclei and increase the effective number of sites where nucleation could occur. By showing unambiguously how KHIs delay hydrate nucleation at low subcoolings, this work opens systematic pathways for developing improved chemicals for either hydrate inhibition or promotion. The approach to inhibitor testing demonstrated here may also help natural gas producers assess the costs and benefits of competing designs for hydrate management.

Speedy Hydration of Carbon Dioxide Hydration in an Immediate Coolant of Ice Granules.

Hydrate-based carbon capture (HBCC) has been considered as a promising technique in recent times. However, large exothermic heat of hydration and lower solubility of the gas in water cause a slower hydration rate and poor gas uptake during hydration. In the present work, a phase change heat removal method was applied, in which ice granules surrounded by normal alkanes were used as an immediate coolant and quick nucleation center to intensify the carbon dioxide capture through hydrate formation. Normal alkanes have great potential to enhance gas–water contact due to their high solubility with CO2 and thus may enhance the hydration rate. The slurries of ice in normal alkanes from cooling three different W/O emulsions were prepared to perform all the hydration experiments in a batch autoclave at a constant temperature of 267.15 K and pressure range of 1.9–2.5 MPa with a stirring speed of 600 rpm. Kinetics of CO2 hydrate formation such as induction time, hydration duration, molar gas uptake, and hydrate growth rate were determined using a mole balance (PVT) model. Compared to earlier investigations of hydrate formation, in present work, the hydrate growth rate increased by 7–39 times and enlarged to 352 times as compared to pure water while gas uptake per mole of water increased by 1.6–10 times.