Rupture Of Hydatid Cyst Research Articles

Cardiac Echinococcosis

Abstract Hydatid disease has a worldwide distribution and can involve any body organ, though the liver and lung are most involved. Cardiac hydatid cysts are a rare occurrence and can cause fatal complications. Here, we discuss one such case of a 60-year-old female who presented with cough and expectoration with difficulty in breathing. On investigations, chest X-ray, and two-dimensional echocardiography, the presence of a cystic mass was noted in bilateral lung fields extending into the left atrium, and hence, the diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made. During her course of illness, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome which was managed intensively, but the patient eventually succumbed to her illness. Postmortem examination confirmed the existence of a ruptured hydatid cyst in the left atrium. Early detection and treatment could have led to a better outcome of disease. Thus this case report highlights the importance of considering Hydatid disease as a differential for patients presenting with unexplained cardio-pulmonary symptoms especially in agriculture dependent areas of hydatid endemic nations.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst into the right portal vein-A rare entity.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst into the right portal vein-A rare entity.

Management of a liver hydatid cyst patient who fistulized the diaphragm and subsequently presented with thorax rupture: a case report

Hydatid cysts, caused by Echinococcus species, are zoonotic diseases frequently observed in endemic regions worldwide, including Turkey. It is most commonly localized in the liver, followed by the lungs. Anaphylaxis and peritonitis, which develop after cyst rupture, are the most significant complications observed in these patients. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are extremely important. This study presented an extremely rare case of a hepatic hydatid cyst ruptured into the thorax, which may have high morbidity and mortality. A 24-year-old male patient presented to our emergency department with cough, dyspnea, fever, and allergy symptoms. He had a history of hepatic hydatid cyst surgery 5 years ago. Physical examination revealed urticarial lesions on the skin. The body temperature was 39 °C, and the pulse rate was 120 beats/min. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. Contrast-enhanced thoracic and abdominal computed tomography was performed. Diagnostic tests revealed that the patient had a ruptured hepatic hydatid cyst in the right thoracic cavity; hence, he was scheduled for emergency surgery. Laparotomy was performed via a right subcostal incision, and the ruptured cyst was located. It was understood that this cyst had fistulized into the diaphragm during a chronic process and subsequently ruptured acutely into the thorax. Partial cystectomy was performed for a ruptured liver cyst. The diaphragm was repaired, and catheters were placed in the thorax and abdomen for drainage. There were no other postoperative complications. Rupture of hydatid cyst disease is frequently observed in endemic regions. The rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst into the thorax is an extremely rare event. In patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms who have a history of hepatic hydatid cyst surgery, the abdomen should always be thoroughly evaluated, and emergency surgery should be performed if required.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst into the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein

Spontaneous rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst into the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein

Hydropneumothorax as a rare manifestation of primary pulmonary hydatid disease

Echinococcosis, alternatively referred to as hydatid disease, is caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus. The primary agents of human infections are Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. The present case report pertains to an individual who relocated from an endemic region to the United Arab Emirates and subsequently manifested symptoms of hydropneumothorax. The 44-year-old male patient presented with a 4-day fever and right-sided chest pain, accompanied by cough and breathlessness for 2 weeks. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed right hydropneumothorax and a ruptured hydatid cyst with consolidation. The patient was diagnosed with a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst based on a strongly positive hydatid serology and the presence of hydatid tissue on histopathological examination. The patient underwent surgical decortication with cyst removal and received medical treatment with ceftriaxone and albendazole. He was discharged in good condition after a 10-day hospitalisation period. Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease that most often affects the liver and lungs. Although more than half of the patients do not show any symptoms, the main symptoms observed during presentation include dry cough, haemoptysis, and chest pain. Plain radiographs or chest CT scans are used for diagnosis. Surgery is considered the primary treatment for pulmonary hydatid cysts and medical treatment with benzimidazoles (albendazole and mebendazole) is recommended. Complicated pulmonary hydatid disease can manifest in various ways, including hydropneumothorax, as observed in the present case. Early diagnosis, surgical intervention combined with medical treatment, and multidisciplinary teamwork can significantly improve patient outcomes.

A Troublesome Complication of Hydatid Cysts; Intra-Abdominal Rupture: A 10-Year Study from a High-Volume Center.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection, often caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although it is classified as a benign disease, cyst ruptures in the abdomen can be fatal. Ruptures occur spontaneously or after trauma. We aimed to report data from patients who underwent emergency surgery due to spontaneous intra-abdominal hydatid cyst rupture. Upon a retrospective review of the records at Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, we found that 34 cases were operated on due to hydatid cyst rupture between January 2012 and October 2022. All patients were operated on in an emergency, and partial cystectomy, intra-abdominal irrigation, and drainage were performed using laparotomy. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, sex, symptoms, radiological findings, laboratory results, intraoperative findings, and postoperative follow-ups. Twenty-two (64.7%) female and 12 (35.3%) male patients were enrolled. The mean age was 39.1 (±17.58) years. All patients experienced spontaneous rupture. The ruptured cyst was found in the liver in 32 patients (94%), the spleen in 1 patient (3%), and the pelvis in 1 patient (3%). The diagnosis was determined using ultrasonography in 12 (35.3%) patients, computed tomography in 21 (61.8%) patients, and magnetic resonance imaging in 1 (2.9%) patient. All patients exhibited acute abdomen and leukocytosis. The average length of hospital stay was 5.14 (±1.37) days. Hydatid cyst rupture should be considered in cases of acute abdomen, particularly in regions where the disease is endemic, as in our region. The ruptured hydatid cyst was primarily observed in the liver (94.11% of cases).

Presentation, diagnosis, management and outcome of complicated hydatid cyst of the lung

Introduction: Introduction: The complicated hydatid cyst of the lung is defined as any cyst ruptured in the bronchi tree or in the pleural cavity, infected, and rarely in the pericardial cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst, including presentation, diagnosis choice of surgical methods. and complication of delay in surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts. Methods: Between 2016 and 2021, 192 operations operated for pulmonary hydatid cysts, 42 of these patients were complicated hydatid cyst. Presentations were cough, chest pain and dyspnea.Diagnosis tools were CXR and CT-scan of chest. surgical approach was a posterolateral thoracotomy and anterolateral thoracotomyin all patients; a phrenotomy in eight patients and one-stage bilateral thoracotomy in six patients. Results: In 18 patients (67.5%), there were single hydatid cysts; whereas 4 patients (32.5%) had multiple cysts.12 patients had bilateral cyst and 8 had both lung and liver and others organs, 6 patients had preoperative hydatid cyst history. Iatrogenic rupture of an intact hydatid cyst occurred in 4 patients. Extrathoracic involvement was apparent in 6 patients (27%). Intrathoracic but extrapulmonary involvement was apparent in 4 patients (16%). Conclusion: Complicated hydatid cyst may present with different clinical and radiologically manifestations as a primary lung tumor , pleural effusion ,empyema hydropneumothorax. In patients with suspicious lung masses in endemic area or history of a hydatid cyst in patients a complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst may be in differential diagnosis.

Post-Traumatic Rupture of a Pleural Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report

Introduction:The preferred site of the hydatid cyst is the liver followed by the lung [1]. The extrapulmonary intrathoracic locations are usually the mediastinum, pleura, pericardium and chest wall. Most reported cases of intrapleural hydatid cysts are secondary; the primary pleural location is rare [2]. Case presentation: We report the case of a 16-year-old girl, operated two years ago for a pulmonary hydatid cyst, admitted to the emergency room in acute respiratory distress in the aftermath of a minimal trauma, responsible for the rupture of a pleural hydatid cyst in the pleural cavity. Discussion: A primary pleural hydatidosis ruptured in the pleural cavity was retained by a thoracic scan. Despite its rarity, our case raises the suspicion of primary pleural hydatidosis in the presence of a large pleural cyst and small daughter vesicles floating in the pleural cavity with deviation of the mediastinal structures and pleural effusion.

Transdiaphragmatic rupture of hydatid cyst: A rare case report

Hydatid disease is a major zoonotic disease worldwide. It remains a serious health problem in developing countries and in countries where animal husbandry is common. Here, we report the case of a 40-year-old male who presented with chief complaints of pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and swelling of the right side lower chest for 2 days. He mentioned intermittent episodes of pain within the past 7 days, the frequency and severity of which is increasing in the past 2 days. Chest X-ray suggestive of opacity of the right lower hemithorax with blunting of cardiophrenic angle seems like pleural effusion with opacity in the right upper lobe but on ultrasound, cystic area with multiple septations found in right lung parenchyma likely suggestive of hydatid cyst.

A Rare Cause of Presentation to the Emergency Department with Severe and Refractory Anaphylaxis - Hydatid Cyst Rupture: A Case Report with Literature Review

A Rare Cause of Presentation to the Emergency Department with Severe and Refractory Anaphylaxis - Hydatid Cyst Rupture: A Case Report with Literature Review

Spontaneous rupture of liver hydatid cyst into gastric antrum presenting as hydatid emesis

Spontaneous rupture of liver hydatid cyst into gastric antrum presenting as hydatid emesis

Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst with Multiple Small Bronchopleural Fistula Formations: A Case Report

Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It manifests as cystic lesions, most commonly found in the liver and lungs, and rarely in other parts of the body. The disease occurs when a human host accidentally ingests contaminated food containing eggs from canine waste products. Since the clinical characteristics of this disease are nonspecific, radiological investigations play a crucial role in diagnosis. Diagnostic challenges arise due to atypical imaging features of complicated hydatid cysts. A 40-year-old female patient presented with fever, breathlessness, chest pain, and an unproductive cough persisting for eight days. Upon examination, she was in hypovolaemic shock, and an intercostal drainage tube had been inserted in the left sixth intercostal space. The chest radiograph revealed a dense, homogeneous opacity in the left hemithorax, partially compressing the left lung medially. An High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) thorax showed a thick-walled cavity with an air-fluid level and layered membranes in the dependent part of the cavity, indicating a water lily sign in the left lower lobe of the lung, suggesting a ruptured hydatid cyst. The patient underwent cystectomy with suturing of a small bronchopleural fistula. Computed Tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging modality, especially for assessing associated complications and ruling out differentials in cases of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts.

Liver hydatid cyst rupture in biliary tree resulting in cholangitis and pancreatitis: A case report

Liver hydatid cyst rupture in biliary tree resulting in cholangitis and pancreatitis: A case report

A life-threatening encounter: an uncommon case of ruptured hydatid cyst presenting as anaphylactic shock and respiratory distress in a 12-year-old boy

Introduction and importance: Although rare, the spontaneous rupture of a lung hydatid cyst or its perforation into the pleural cavity can give rise to an abrupt onset of symptoms, including cough, fever, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and hypersensitivity reactions, and can ultimately lead to respiratory failure. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room with a loss of consciousness. Symptoms included tachypnea, fever, low blood pressure, and overall respiratory distress. After resuscitation, a chest X-ray revealed a distinct, well-defined round opacity located in the lower region of the right lung, leading to mediastinal displacement. After confirmation of the disease, the child was hospitalized in the ICU care and consequently underwent surgery. Treatment was successful and there was no recurrence on the follow-up. Clinical discussion: Studies have demonstrated that the right lower lobe of the lung is the most frequently affected area of the lung by hydatid cysts. Symptomatic and complicated hydatid cysts are a rare concept in children, and only a small percentage, are diagnosed in patients younger than 16 years. Surgery remains the preferred treatment for the majority of patients with pulmonary hydatid disease. It is important to note that combined surgery and chemotherapy represents the current gold standard in managing pulmonary hydatid cyst. Conclusion: Although anaphylactic shock caused by a ruptured lung hydatid cyst is rare, it should be taken into consideration by physicians as a differential diagnosis in patients who also have respiratory symptoms, particularly in endemic areas.

Emergency/Elective Surgery and Emergency Percutaneous Interventions in Liver Hydatid Cysts and Their Results.

Hydatid cyst may remain asymptomatic for several years or may become complicated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients who were operated on for liver hydatid cyst in our clinic and the results of preoperative or postoperative complications. The data of 836 patients who underwent surgery (n = 750) or Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration (n = 86) for hydatid cyst disease in our clinic between January 2006 and January 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Surgical operation was performed in 750 of the patients and Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration procedure was performed in 89 of the patients. In the surgery and Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration group, respiratory distress, anaphylaxis, allergic rash, and urticaria were observed in 11 patients (8 in Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration group and 3 in open surgery group). All patients recovered with emergency medical interventions. Recurrence was observed after the percutaneous procedure in 11 cases and after surgery in 36 cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the surgical and Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, and Re-aspiration groups in terms of recurrence and cyst infection (P = .253 and P = .547, respectively). The incidence of the development of intrabiliary rupture, allergic reaction, and intraperitoneal rupture was found 135 (16.14%), 12 (1.43%), and 2 (0.23%) in our study, respectively. Intraperitoneal or intrabiliary rupture is a rare but fatal complication of hydatid cyst. The presence of fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, urticaria, and anaphylactic reactions in endemic areas should take the suspicion of hydatid cyst rupture. The timing of surgery is an important factor affecting morbidity and mortality. Detailed exploration of the abdomen in emergency surgery for rupture hydatid cyst is essential for recurrence.

Clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical treatment of intrabiliary ruptured hydatid disease of the liver

Background: Intrabiliary rupture (IBR) of liver hydatid cyst is common and serious and fatal complication. The incidence of (IBR) varies from 1% to 25%. The treatment of IBR is still controversial among surgfons. We aimed to show clinical presentations, diagnosis treatment and outcome of IBR in liver hydatid cysts by reviewing our cases. Method: In a retrospective study we collected data of records of all patients who were operated on for hydatid disease of the liver operated between 2016 and 2021 at Razi teaching and privat Arya Hospital were review. 322 patients who had been operated for hydatid cyst of the liver were detected. Approval for this study was obtained from our Institutional Review Board. Results: Intrabiliary ruptured hydatid cysts of the liver was determined in 14 of the patients was in frank IBR and 32 patient with occult IBR was determined in 322 patients was operated for hydatid cysts of the liver. The average age of patients was 28 to 64 years (range 21 - 68 years). . The most frequent symptoms were right upper quadrant,epigastric pain, dyspepsia, jaundice,fever,wight loss and pruritus Conclusions: Intrabiliary ruptured hydatid cysts of the liver is the most common complication. With appropriate evaluation and intervention, this will lead to decresed postoperative bile leakage and fistula formation, a major cause of morbidity and mortality.Every effort should be made to detect and prevent these complications,ERCPand MRCPcan hellpfor diagnosis and treatmen or IBR .Laparatomy, choledochal exploration should be performed during operation. For decompress intrabiliary pressure T-tube drainage may be preferred in the management of intrabiliary ruptured hydatid cysts because of deresed morbidity, the ability to, easier monitoring of the biliary drainage.

The regulatory role of differential microRNA expressions on cellular inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-10 in Echinococcus granulosus-induced anaphylaxis.

To determine the pathogenesis and molecular targets of anaphylaxis caused by hydatid cyst fluid leakage. First, Balb/c mice were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, and then the anaphylaxis model was developed. The mice were separated into: anaphylaxis caused by the cystic echinococcosis group (ANPC), the cystic echinococcosis without anaphylaxis group (CE group), and the normal control group (CTRL). Following this, the spleen tissue was collected for microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. Using bioinformatics analysis, differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs) were identified. Then, through the use of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, the key target genes for miRNA regulation associated with echinococcosis-induced anaphylaxis were identified. ANPC and CE groups have 29 and 39 DEMscompared to the CTRL group, respectively. Based on these 25 DEMs, interactions between miRNA and mRNA were screened, and 174 potential target genes were identified. We performed gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathwayenrichment analysis on these 174 target genes, and the results revealed that the three pathways with the highest enrichment were the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion. The interaction analysis of PPI and miRNA-hub gene networks revealed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) was regulated by miR-146a-5p and miR-149-5p, while IL-10 was regulated by miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we found that the miRNAs regulating IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated in the ANPC group, and there are three pathways involved in that process: Pathways of PI3K-Akt signaling, FoxO signaling, and Focal adhesion. IL-6 and IL-10 play an important role in cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, the aforementioned results provide significant reference value for elucidating the mechanism of cellular pyroptosis and apoptosis in echinococcosis-induced anaphylaxis, and for formulating tissue and organ protection strategies for patients with cystic echinococcosis when anaphylaxis is triggered by hydatid cyst rupture.

LA RUPTURE INTRA-PLEURALE DU KYSTE HYDATIQUE DU POUMON

Introduction:Intra-pleural rupture of the hydatid cyst of the lung is a rare but serious complication. Our study aims to determine the particularities of this complication, the contributing factors and to expose the therapeutic methods used as well as their results. Material and Methods:Between January 2015 and December 2020, 594 patients were admitted for surgical management of pulmonary hydatidosis. 52 of them had a ruptured hydatid cyst in the pleura.The different variables studied were age, sex, clinical symptoms, radiological and biological data and the type of surgery performed. Results:They are 34 men and 18 women with an average age of 22 years (4-49 years). Symptoms were mainly represented by cough, chest pain and dyspnea. Surgical treatment was essentially conservative requiring prior decortication (92.30%). parenchymal resection by segmentectomy or lobectomy was performed in only 6 cases. Our results in terms of morbidity were satisfaying. Conclusion:Intra-pleural rupture of the hydatid cyst of the lung is a rare complication seen in young males with a large peripheral cyst. Surgical treatment must be instituted quickly once the diagnosis is established in order to avoid progression to complications, in particular secondary pleural contamination.

Acute Cholangitis: Etiological Profile and Management

Acute cholangitis is defined by an infection of the bile ducts due to an obstacle preventing bile flow. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Aim of the Study: Report epidemiological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary cholangitis. Materials: This is a descriptive prospective study, spanning a period from September 2020 to April 2023. Patients with acute cholangitis were included. Results: We collected 102 cases. The average age was 63 years old with a Sex ratio M/W: 1.37. 18 patients (17.6%) had a history of cholecystectomy. Abdominal ultrasound was sufficient to visualize the obstruction in 32 (32%) patients. The lithiasic origin was revealed in 54 (53%) cases, pancreatic head tumor in 16 (15.7%), cholangiocarcinoma in 17 (16.6%), ruptured hydatid cyst in the biliary tract in 7 (7%). 100 (98%) patients benefited from endoscopic treatment and 2 (2%) benefited from surgical treatment. Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 84 (84%) patients and sphincteroclasia in 9 (9%) patients. Extraction of the stones or hydatid membranes by balloon was performed in 55 (55%) cases. Mechanical lithotricy was necessary in 1 (1%) case. A biliary prosthesis was placed in 52 (52%) patients (Picture 3). The single-stage success rate was obtained in 91 (91%) cases, 8 patients (8%) required a second stage. The early complication rate after endoscopic managment was 10% (n=10) with a death rate of 5% (n=5). Conclusion: Acute cholangitis remains a severe condition requiring urgent treatment. The prognosis has clearly improved after the advent of interventional endoscopy giving satisfactory results. Our study had shown with a technical success rate of 92.7% and a general success rate of 95%.

Empyema and haemothorax due to ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst- A rare presentation

Hydatidosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Dog Tape-worm). India is endemic for hydatid disease. The lung is the second most frequently affected organ by hydatid cysts after the liver. Hydatid cysts are mostly seen in the right lower lobe of the lung. We report an unusual presentation of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst as empyema and haemothorax in a 24-year-old boy who presented with dyspnoea on exertion with right-sided chest pain. Pleural fluid was suggestive of empyema. The pleural fluid examination revealed plenty of neutrophils and the presence of hooklets of hydatid cyst. Ruptured hydatid cyst is clinically and radiologically confused with many diseases, especially lung cancer. Surgical removal of hydatid cyst is accepted as primary treatment. Thoracotomy was done to excise hydatid cyst. Albendazole was given post-surgery. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 6 with good respiratory capacity. During two months follow up the patient remained asymptomatic.