Hybrid Vesicles Research Articles

Comparative Cosmetical Trials Investigating the Effects of Hybrosome (Umbilical Cord Blood Exosome-Liposome Hybrid Vesicles) Containing Cream Formulation on Skin Wrinkle and Elasticity

Comparative Cosmetical Trials Investigating the Effects of Hybrosome (Umbilical Cord Blood Exosome-Liposome Hybrid Vesicles) Containing Cream Formulation on Skin Wrinkle and Elasticity

The fabrication of aminoquinoline-functionalized polydiacetylene-based hybrid vesicles with partially reversible thermochromic property

The fabrication of aminoquinoline-functionalized polydiacetylene-based hybrid vesicles with partially reversible thermochromic property

Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) in GtoPdb v.2023.3

Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) in GtoPdb v.2023.3

Hybrid Vesicles Enable Mechano-Responsive Hydrogel Degradation.

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are intriguing biomimetic materials. Previous efforts to develop mechano-responsive hydrogels have mostly relied on chemical modifications of the hydrogel structures. Here, we present a simple, generalizable strategy that confers mechano-responsive behavior on hydrogels. Our approach involves embedding hybrid vesicles, composed of phospholipids and amphiphilic block copolymers, within the hydrogel matrix to act as signal transducers. Under mechanical stress, these vesicles undergo deformation and rupture, releasing encapsulated compounds that can control the hydrogel network. To demonstrate this concept, we embedded vesicles containing ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a calcium chelator, into a calcium-crosslinked alginate hydrogel. When compressed, the released EGTA sequesters calcium ions and degrades the hydrogel. This study provides a novel method for engineering mechano-responsive hydrogels that may be useful in various biomedical applications.

Hybrid Vesicles Enable Mechano‐Responsive Hydrogel Degradation

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels are intriguing biomimetic materials. Previous efforts to develop mechano‐responsive hydrogels have mostly relied on chemical modifications of the hydrogel structures. Here, we present a simple, generalizable strategy that confers mechano‐responsive behavior on hydrogels. Our approach involves embedding hybrid vesicles, composed of phospholipids and amphiphilic block copolymers, within the hydrogel matrix to act as signal transducers. Under mechanical stress, these vesicles undergo deformation and rupture, releasing encapsulated compounds that can control the hydrogel network. To demonstrate this concept, we embedded vesicles containing ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a calcium chelator, into a calcium‐crosslinked alginate hydrogel. When compressed, the released EGTA sequesters calcium ions and degrades the hydrogel. This study provides a novel method for engineering mechano‐responsive hydrogels that may be useful in various biomedical applications.

Hybrid Polymer Vesicles: Controllable Preparation and Potential Applications.

Hybrid polymer vesicles contain functional nanoparticles (NPs) in their walls, interfaces, coronae, or cavities. NPs render the hybrid vesicles with specific physical properties, while polymers endow them with structural stability and may significantly reduce the high toxicity of NPs. Therefore, hybrid vesicles integrate fascinating multifunctions from both NPs and polymeric vesicles, which have gained tremendous attention because of their diverse promising applications. Various types of delicate hybrid polymeric vesicles with size control and tunable localization of NPs in different parts of vesicles have been constructed via in situ and ex situ strategies, respectively. Their potential applications have been widely explored, as well. This review presents the progress of block copolymer (BCP) vesicle systems containing different types of NPs including metal NPs, magnetic NPs, and semiconducting quantum dots (QDs), etc. The strategies for controlling the location of NPs within hybrid vesicles are discussed. Typical potential applications of the elegant hybrid vesicles are also highlighted.

Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) in GtoPdb v.2023.2

Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) in GtoPdb v.2023.2

Unraveling the Phase Behavior, Mechanical Stability, and Protein Reconstitution Properties of Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles.

Hybrid vesicles consisting of natural phospholipids and synthetic amphiphilic copolymers have shown remarkable material properties and potential for biotechnology, combining the robustness of polymers with the biocompatibility of phospholipid membranes. To predict and optimize the mixing behavior of lipids and copolymers, as well as understand the interaction between the hybrid membrane and macromolecules like membrane proteins, a comprehensive understanding at the molecular level is essential. This can be achieved by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experiments. Here, simulations of POPC and PBD22-b-PEO14 hybrid membranes are shown, uncovering different copolymer configurations depending on the polymer-to-lipid ratio. High polymer concentrations created thicker membranes with an extended polymer conformation, while high lipid content led to the collapse of the polymer chain. High concentrations of polymer were further correlated with a decreased area compression modulus and altered lateral pressure profiles, hypothesized to result in the experimentally observed improvement in membrane protein reconstitution and resistance toward destabilization by detergents. Finally, simulations of a WALP peptide embedded in the bilayer showed that only membranes with up to 50% polymer content favored a transmembrane configuration. These simulations correlate with previous and new experimental results and provide a deeper understanding of the properties of lipid-copolymer hybrid membranes.

THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF CRISPR/CAS9 GENE EDITING IN CANCER THERAPY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Relevance: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in Kazakhstan, and CRISPR/Cas9 offers possible solutions to treat it. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a system bacteria use to cleave foreign in-vaders. This system has been considered promising for cancer therapeutics by allowing researchers to edit cancer cell genes.
 The system requires more trials, so it is essential to raise awareness of this technique for stu-dents and potential investors and highlight the current challenges that could be research opportuni-ties for researchers.
 The study aimed to analyze and provide up-to-date information from reputable scientific journals on the current use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapeutics for medical students and researchers. This research paper also highlights the challenges associated with implementing CRISPR/Cas9 in clinical settings for cancer therapeutics.
 Methods: The scientific literature and databases (PubMed and the Nature Journal) were searched and analyzed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapy.
 Results: The results of this research indicate that scientists should focus on improving the types and structure of the Cas protein as well as the delivery methods, including the non-viral deliv-ery methods (liposome-based particles, hybrid vectors, gold nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles) to contribute to improving the current status of cancer therapeutics.
 Conclusion: CRISPR/Cas9 is an important technique that is still fraught with challenges and should be turned into research opportunities. The current challenges include the form and structure of the Cas nuclease, the types of engineering (in vivo vs. ex vivo), and the varieties of delivery methods. Each delivery method type has pros and cons and requires further research. In particular, future studies should focus on non-viral vectors, such as liposome-based particles, extracellular vesi-cles, hybrid vesicles, and gold nanoparticles.

THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF CRISPR/CAS9 GENE EDITING IN CANCER THERAPY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Relevance: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in Kazakhstan, and CRISPR/Cas9 offers possible solutions to treat it. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a system bacteria use to cleave foreign in-vaders. This system has been considered promising for cancer therapeutics by allowing researchers to edit cancer cell genes.
 The system requires more trials, so it is essential to raise awareness of this technique for stu-dents and potential investors and highlight the current challenges that could be research opportuni-ties for researchers.
 The study aimed to analyze and provide up-to-date information from reputable scientific journals on the current use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapeutics for medical students and researchers. This research paper also highlights the challenges associated with implementing CRISPR/Cas9 in clinical settings for cancer therapeutics.
 Methods: The scientific literature and databases (PubMed and the Nature Journal) were searched and analyzed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapy.
 Results: The results of this research indicate that scientists should focus on improving the types and structure of the Cas protein as well as the delivery methods, including the non-viral deliv-ery methods (liposome-based particles, hybrid vectors, gold nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles) to contribute to improving the current status of cancer therapeutics.
 Conclusion: CRISPR/Cas9 is an important technique that is still fraught with challenges and should be turned into research opportunities. The current challenges include the form and structure of the Cas nuclease, the types of engineering (in vivo vs. ex vivo), and the varieties of delivery methods. Each delivery method type has pros and cons and requires further research. In particular, future studies should focus on non-viral vectors, such as liposome-based particles, extracellular vesi-cles, hybrid vesicles, and gold nanoparticles.

Biomimetic liposomes hybrid with erythrocyte membrane modulate dendritic cells to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus.

Dendritic cells (DCs)-based immunotherapy has shown immense promise in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment. However, existing carrier strategies such as polymers, liposomes, and polypeptides, are difficult to achieve active targeting to DCs due to their intricate interaction with biological systems. Since DCs represent a class of phagocytes responsible for the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes, we hypothesize that hybrid vesicles containing erythrocytes membrane components could be presented to be potent drug carriers to target DCs specifically. Herein, inspired by the cell membrane fusion technique, we develop hybrid biomimetic liposomes (R-Lipo) by fusing natural erythrocyte membrane vesicles and artificial liposomes for DCs-targeted SLE therapy. The resultant R-Lipo exhibited excellent biocompatibility and was shown to be effectively internalized by DCs both in vitro and in vivo. Using an immunosuppressant, mycophenolic acid (MPA), as the model drug, MPA-loaded R-Lipo powerfully suppressed DCs maturation and efficiently controlled the duration of lupus nephritis without apparent side effects. Our findings provide a safe, effective, and easy-to-prepare biomimetic vesicle platform for the treatment of SLE and other DC-associated diseases.

Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Hybrid stem cell-derived bioresponsive vesicles for effective inflamed blood-brain barrier targeting delivery

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dis-integrity, a characteristic of extensive inflammatory encephalopathy, provides the access for brain-targeted drug delivery. Inspired from the bioresponsiveness of stem cell, we conceived of new nano-scale delivery strategy via neural stem cell membrane-derived bioresponsive vesicles (NSC-Lipo) for inflamed BBB target delivery. After recombination of neural stem cell membranes with simple liposomes, the functional ligands, especially very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), were entirely engrafted into NSC-Lipo and equipped the NSC-Lipo with “pass order” to the “selective gate”. It bestowed the bioresponsive vesicles with selective target the injured brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) and penetrate into the lesion through the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)/VLA-4 interaction in the post-ischemic mice model. The released anti-inflammatory agent, metformin, could reverse the inflammatory response of BMECs and rapidly recovers BBB’s integrity. With the repair of BBB’s integrity and down regulation of VCAM-1 expression, the targeting ability of bioresponsive vesicles cease to be in force as well. The bioresponsive vesicles led to enhanced survival rate of ischemic stroke mice (from 30 % to 90 %) after just a single injection compared to metformin loaded bare liposomes.

High Resolution Membrane Structures within Hybrid Lipid-Polymer Vesicles Revealed by Combining X-Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy.

Hybrid vesicles consisting of phospholipids and block-copolymers are increasingly finding applications in science and technology. Herein, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) are used to obtain detailed structural information about hybrid vesicles with different ratios of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and poly(1,2-butadiene-block-ethylene oxide) (PBd22 -PEO14 , Ms = 1800 g mol-1 ). Using single particle analysis (SPA)the authorsare able to further interpret the information gained from SAXS and cryo-ET experiments, showing that increasing PBd22 -PEO14 mole fraction increases the membrane thickness from 52 Å for a pure lipid system to 97 Å for pure PBd22 -PEO14 vesicles. Two vesicle populations with different membrane thicknesses in hybrid vesicle samples are found. As these lipids and polymers are reported to homogeneously mix, bistability is inferred between weak and strong interdigitation regimes of PBd22 -PEO14 within the hybrid membranes. It is hypothesized that membranes of intermediate structure are not energetically favorable. Therefore, each vesicle exists in one of these two membrane structures, which are assumed to have comparable free energies.The authorsconclude that, by combining biophysical methods, accurate determination of the influence of composition on the structural properties of hybrid membranes is achieved, revealing that two distinct membranes structures can coexist in homogeneously mixed lipid-polymer hybrid vesicles.

The Effect of Hybrosome (Umbilical Cord Blood Exosome-Liposome Hybrid Vesicles) on Human Dermal Cells In Vitro.

Wound healing is a process that involves multiple physiological steps, and despite the availability of various wound treatment methods, their effectiveness is still limited due to several factors, including cost, efficiency, patient-specific requirements, and side effects. In recent years, nanovesicles called exosomes have gained increasing attention as a potential wound care solution due to their unique cargo components which enable cell-to-cell communication and regulate various biological processes. Umbilical cord blood plasma (UCBP) exosomes have shown promise in triggering beneficial signaling pathways that aid in cell proliferation and wound healing. However, there is still very limited information about the wound-healing effect of UCBP exosomes in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the "hybrosome" technology generated with calf UCBP-derived exosome-liposome combination. The authors developed hybrosome technology by fusing cord blood exosome membranes with liposomes. Nanovesicle characterization, cell proliferation assay, wound-healing scratch assay, immunohistochemistry analysis, anti-inflammation assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cellular uptake studies were performed using the novel hybrid exosomes. Experimental results showed that hybrosome increases cell proliferation and migration by 40% to 50%, depending on the dose, and induces an anti-inflammatory effect on different cell lines as well as increased wound healing-related gene expression levels in dermal cells in vitro. All in all, this research widens the scope of wound-healing therapeutics to the novel hybrosome technology. UCBP-based applications have the potential for wound treatments and are promising in the development of novel therapies. This study shows that hybrosomes have outstanding abilities in wound healing using in vitro approaches.

Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.

The rapid and non-invasive pulmonary drug delivery (PDD) has attracted great attention compared to the other routes. However, nanoparticle platforms, like liposomes (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), require extensive reformulation to suit the requirements of PDD. LPs are artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers capable of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, whereas EVs are natural vesicles secreted by cells. Additionally, novel LPs-EVs hybrid vesicles may confer the best of both. The preparation methods of EVs are distinguished from LPs since they rely mainly on extraction and purification, whereas the LPs are synthesized from their basic ingredients. Similarly, drug loading methods into/onto EVs are distinguished whereby they are cell- or non-cell-based, whereas LPs are loaded via passive or active approaches. This review discusses the progress in LPs and EVs as well as hybrid vesicles with a special focus on PDD. It also provides a perspective comparison between LPs and EVs from various aspects (composition, preparation/extraction, drug loading, and large-scale manufacturing) as well as the future prospects for inhaled therapeutics. In addition, it discusses the challenges that may be encountered in scaling up the production and presents our view regarding the clinical translation of the laboratory findings into commercial products.

Peptide-lipid hybrid vesicles with stimuli-responsive phase separation for controlled membrane functions.

A disulfide-tethered peptide-lipid conjugate self-assembled into a homogeneously distributed peptide-lipid hybrid vesicle. Upon dithiothreitol treatment, the homogeneous peptide-lipid membrane spontaneously divided into lipid-rich and peptide-rich domains, while the vesicle retained its size and shape. Membrane phase separation enhanced temperature-dependent cargo release.

Nanoscale Lipid/Polymer Hybrid Vesicles: Effects of Triblock Copolymer Composition and Hydrophilic Weight Fraction

Nanoscale Lipid/Polymer Hybrid Vesicles: Effects of Triblock Copolymer Composition and Hydrophilic Weight Fraction

Astrocytes in Paper Chips and Their Interaction with Hybrid Vesicles.

The role of astrocytes in brain function has received increased attention lately due to their critical role in brain development and function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, the biological evaluation of soft material nanoparticles in astrocytes remains unexplored. Here, the interaction of crosslinked hybrid vesicles (HVs) and either C8-D1A astrocytes or primary astrocytes cultured in polystyrene tissue culture or floatable paper-based chips is investigated. The amphiphilic block copolymer poly(cholesteryl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate) (P1) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipids are used for the assembly of HVs with crosslinked membranes. The assemblies show no short-term toxicity towards the C8-D1A astrocytes and the primary astrocytes, and both cell types internalize the HVs when cultured in 2D cell culture. Further, it is demonstrated that both the C8-D1A astrocytes and the primary astrocytes could mature in paper-based chips with preserved calcium signaling and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Last, it is confirmed that both types of astrocytes could internalize the HVs when cultured in paper-based chips. These findings lay out a fundamental understanding of the interaction between soft material nanoparticles and astrocytes, even when primary astrocytes are cultured in paper-based chips offering a 3D environment.

On the assembly of zwitterionic block copolymers with phospholipids

Materials containing zwitterionic polymers are interesting candidates for diverse applications due to their versatile properties. The assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(cholesteryl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) with three different phospholipids (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DOPS) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE)) into small and giant vesicles is reported focusing on their morphology, size, and membrane properties. Giant hybrid vesicles were obtained for all types of lipids, but DOPC was more suitable to assemble small hybrid vesicles without a large fraction of hybrid micelles present. Further, the permeability of the small vesicle membranes towards 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein is very similar to comparable sized liposomes. In contrast, the permeability of the giant hybrid vesicle membranes towards 5(6)-carboxy-X-rhodamine is higher compared to only cholesterol-containing lipid giant vesicles. DOPS-containing vesicles showed pH-dependent morphology changes. Hybrid vesicles containing DOPS and DOPE in addition to the block copolymer have the highest association with HepG2 cells. In contrast, only DOPC-containing hybrid vesicles can be incorporated into alginate beads. Taken together, using these block copolymer with a zwitterionic hydrophilic extension of the chosen architecture offers fundamental insight into the possibility to assemble hybrid vesicles and their potential in bottom-up synthetic biology.