Hybrid Technology Research Articles

Numerical Investigation of a Solar PV/T Air Collector Under the Climatic Conditions of Zarqa, Jordan

The use of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and low concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (LCPV/T) systems can significantly enhance the overall solar energy conversion efficiency by delivering electricity and thermal energy. This paper presents a case study using a standing PV system's theoretical and modeling approach that can be modified to adapt to the hybrid technology. Firstly, a single-pass conventional PV/T air-cooled collector is investigated based on heat transfer and electrical models under the climatic conditions of Zarqa, Jordan. The performance parameters are evaluated using thermal and electrical properties of the considered PV installation and measured meteorological data. Results show that the total energy produced varies between a maximum of 134.6 kWh/m2 in July and a minimum of 81.7 kWh/m2 in January. The annual average hourly variation of overall energy efficiency ranges between 79.2% and 88.4%. Moreover, the dissipated thermal energy can meet 63.6% of the total energy required to ventilate the Hashemite University Presidency Building during the winter months. Finally, the performance of the modeled PV/T system air system coupled with flat boosters to provide a low irradiation concentration ratio (CR) is explored. The maximum electric output of the resulting LCPV/T system is compared with the uncooled system. It is found that the percentage improvement due to air cooling ranges between 0.72% at CR=1 and 2.77% at CR=2.5

Hybrid Technology for Surface Hardening of Structural Steel

Hybrid Technology for Surface Hardening of Structural Steel

Synergistic removal of decabromodiphenyl ether by sulfurized zero-valent iron coupling with microbacterium in the presence of heavy metals: Biochemical degradation process and mechanism

Microorganisms and sulfurized nano zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) were widely used for the remediation of contaminants in e-waste sites. However, it is elusive whether microorganisms and S-nZVI have a synergistic effect in the removal of heavy metals (HMs) and organic complex pollutants. In this work, the removal performance and mechanisms of HMs-decabromodiphenyl ether combined pollutants (HMs-BDE-209) in Microbacterium Y2 (MY2)/S-nZVI co-incubation system (MY2 @S-nZVI) was investigated. The results showed that simultaneous removal of HMs-BDE-209 by MY2 or S-nZVI alone was difficult. However, the synergistic removal of HMs-BDE-209 was observed in MY2 @S-nZVI system. Specially, Cr(VI) ions significantly inhibited the removal of BDE-209 by MY2 or S-nZVI. Nevertheless, the rapid immobilization of Cr(VI) ions with S-nZVI not only inhibited the generation of ROS induced by S-nZVI, but also reduced the cytotoxicity of Cr(VI) toward MY2, leading to achieving synergistic BDE-209 removal in MY2 @S-nZVI/Cr(VI) system. Unexpectedly, the bio-degradation mainly accounted for 78.8–88.4% removal of BDE-209 in MY2 @S-nZVI system in the presence of Cr(VI). In contrast, the chemical degradation (95% of BDE-209 removal) dominated the degradation of BDE-209 in MY2 @S-nZVI/Ni(Ⅱ) system due to the fact that Ni(Ⅱ) could be quickly reduced by S-nZVI to form highly reactive Ni0/Fe0 bimetals. The findings of this study are conducive to understanding the complicated mechanism in the remediation of HMs and organic combined pollutants by using microorganisms and S-nZVI hybrid technologies.

Environmental occurrence, toxicity and remediation of perchlorate – A review

Perchlorate (ClO4−) comes under the class of contaminants called the emerging contaminants that will impact environment in the near future. A strong oxidizer by nature, perchlorate has received significant observation due to its occurrence, reactive nature, and persistence in varied environments such as surface water, groundwater, soil, and food. Perchlorate finds its use in number of industrial products ranging from missile fuel, fertilizers, and fireworks. Perchlorate exposure occurs when naturally occurring or manmade perchlorate in water or food is ingested. Perchlorate ingestion affects iodide absorption into the thyroid, thereby causing a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormone, a very crucial component needed for metabolism, neural development, and a number of other physiological functions in the body. Perchlorate remediation from ground water and drinking water is carried out through a series of physical–chemical techniques like ion (particle) transfer and reverse osmosis. However, the generation of waste through these processes are difficult to manage, so the need for alternative treatment methods occur. This review talks about the hybrid technologies that are currently researched and gaining momentum in the treatment of emerging contaminants, namely perchlorate.

Legal coverage of will expression by means of information technologies

The purpose of the article was to identify and reveal the main contemporary modern legislative initiatives aimed at ensuring the expression of will by means of information technology. The main methodological tools applied in the study were comparative legal analysis and observational method. The study showed that effective manifestation of will requires further implementation of state-of-the-art systems of electronic petitions, digital resources and electronic voting. Relevant legislative initiatives should serve to increase the capacity for citizen participation and discussion. It is substantiated that the priority directions of changes in legal systems should be: 1) reforms aimed at closing the digital divide in access to information technologies; 2) technical improvement of the electronic voting procedure; 3) increasing the relevant informatization of citizens; 4) ensuring maximum protection of the state digital environment. Special attention should be paid to the legal development of a comprehensive technocratic approach. It is concluded that it is desirable to apply hybrid technology for the people to realize their right to vote and give them more opportunities to participate in the processes of governance and digital governance.

Pathogen-specific molecular imaging and molecular testing methods in the prognosis of the complicated course of diabetic foot syndrome, the risk of amputation, and patient survival

The aim of this review was to provide extended information on current trends in the diagnosis of complicated diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), the most frequent and severe complication of diabetes mellitus, including hightech medical imaging methods and instrumental and laboratory predictors of the complicated course and risk of amputation in DFS.The article provides an analytical review of modern publications over the past 5 years on diagnosis and therapy. Pilot data on the use of high-tech medical imaging methods, assessment of skin microbiota and ulcers in DFS, molecular testing methods in terms of predicting the amputation risk and survival of patients with DFS, as well as the effectiveness of biosensing systems have been systematized, summarized, and subjected to analytical evaluation.The review provides an expert assessment of the capabilities of pathogen-specific molecular imaging using modern positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and highenergy radionuclides in bacterial infection to understand its pathogenesis, minimize diagnostic problems, improve antimicrobial treatment, and address fundamental and applied aspects of DFS. Literature data on the assessment of foot perfusion in diabetic patients with varying degrees of limb ischemia by hybrid technologies (SPECT / CT and PET / CT) and new modalities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also systematized, which contributes to new understanding of the response to revascularization, surgical shunting, and stimulation of angiogenesis within ischemic tissue, as well as potentially to healing of foot ulcers.The review is aimed at substantiating a multidisciplinary approach in DFS, selection, development, and implementation of innovative strategies for diagnostic modalities to identify diabetic foot pathologies, and choice of an adequate method for treating and monitoring the results of therapy in the context of personalized medicine.

Contemporary application of microbubble technology in water treatment.

Microbubble (MB) technology constitutes a suite of promising low-cost technologies with potential applications in various sectors. Microbubbles (MBs) are tiny gas bubbles with diameters in the micrometre range of 10-100 μm. Along with their small size, they share special characteristics like slow buoyancy, large gas-liquid interfacial area and high mass-transfer efficiency. Initially, the review examines the key dissimilarities among the different types of microbubble generators (MBG) towards economic large-scale production of MBs. The applications of MBs to explore their effectiveness at different stages of wastewater treatment extending from aeration, separation/ flotation, ozonation, disinfection and other processes are investigated. A summary of the recent advances of MBs in real and synthetic wastewater treatment, existing research gaps, and limitations in upscaling of the technology, conclusion and future recommendations is detailed. A critical analysis of the energetics and treatment cost of combined approaches of MB technology with other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is carried out highlighting the potential applicability of hybrid technology in large-scale wastewater treatment.

(Invited) Progressive Involvement of Thin Film Technologies in Connected Objects to Meet New Societal Challenges

This presentation is part of a context of galloping evolution of digitalization of all societal areas. These concern the administrative and financial management of economic activities, the management of the production of all kinds of objects and systems in an industry 4.0 vision, or the control of the functioning of communication, transport, health, energy or security equipment, mainly.This invasion of digital systems and communication may appear as a progress in many societal applications, but this unprecedented development creates new limitations that must be quickly overcome. If from the users' point of view, the implemented technologies appear more and more simple thanks to their software, ergonomic and user-friendly aspects, the physical support of digital objects constitutes the foundation of all these sophisticated tools. It can be noted that the great majority of user-friendly devices in direct link with the users employ flat panel displays and many other microsystems. Any evolution or improvement of these “Physical Cyber Systems” tools is based on the innovation of microelectronic circuits and systems whether they are integrated, large area or hybrid.Limitations appear in different forms, whether they are of a scientific, technical and technological origin, or also of a human origin, particularly with regard to the nature and the pool of skills, know-how, and innovation capabilities.This talk highlights the future challenges related to the exponential development of connected objects, sensors, the Internet of Things and the exploitation of transmitted and stored data. Indeed, globally, the total number of sensors and actuators grows by a factor of 2 in less than 2 years, the number of connected objects by a factor of 2 every 4 years, and the number of bytes transferred annually by a factor of 2 every 2 years, having reached the Zettabytes in 2018 and expected to reach the Yottabytes in 2030 (1024). Knowing that in a complete chain of data transfer about 50% of the equivalent consumption is spent by data centers, 30% by transmissions at all levels and 20% by industrial, professional or individual users, the effective power consumption is also growing exponentially, in practice by a factor of 2 every 4 years, despite the current permanent improvement of microelectronic technologies. In 2030, the world electricity consumption due to digital technologies should reach the world electricity consumption of 2018, i.e. about 27,000 TWh without any major intervention on the hardware level! It is necessary to review the entire chain of integrated functions that are physically realized on the basis of microelectronic components, circuits and systems. It is therefore the field of microelectronics that will have to bring innovation to face the challenges.At the level of microelectronics, the fields of intervention will therefore be multiple. The first area concerns the elementary components, which must be even more integrated but which must above all consume less. For example, major efforts are currently being made on memories that could consume up to 1000 times less than silicon-based memories thanks to the use of thin metal and insulator films. The stacking of integrated components using thin-film processes also provides solutions for integration and low consumption. The second area aims at a more intensive use of hybrid technologies in sensors and actuators involving thin films and multidisciplinary approaches. The third area is related to the reduction of energy consumption by modifying circuit architectures, by controlling the switch-off of inactive functions (a ratio of 1000 is expected), by using new materials such as organics for displays, or by involving large-gap semiconductors for high-power devices allowing to significantly reduce their leakage currents and their on-resistances. The fourth area is more complex and concerns the reduction of the use of rare elements in technologies that very often involve very high consumption in connection with their extraction, purification and transport. Their use in very thin layers such as those transferred onto insulating substrates in SOI technologies could be a solution. The last area concerns the human factor. The level of knowledge and know-how must be increasingly high with more and more players. Currently, many companies worldwide complain about the lack of candidates for job offers and point out the jobs in shortage. The challenge in this case is transferred to the international scientific and educational community.After presenting the different challenges in this context, this talk highlights the different approaches to meet the challenges, emphasizing the potential interest of thin film technologies. It concludes with the human challenge, which is becoming a key point for the success of the digital extension at the global level.

New hybrid Filtering Methods to remove noise from Digital Images

Using hybrid digital filtering techniques to reduce the amount of time a patient is exposed to radiation. If the patient is exposed to radiation for an extended length of time, his life will be jeopardized. Noise reduction in the photos is necessary when asked to lower the high radiation dosage and time it takes, which hides some of the right information from the physician and makes it difficult for him to appropriately analyze it. As a consequence, pre-processing has become the most significant item in digital image processors, and in this research, we offer a novel hybrid technology approach to decrease noise caused when photos are captured with medical equipment or when they are transferred. While respecting the image's edges, the resulting noise of the salt and pepper type. The statistical quantity measurements, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are used to assess the enhanced picture quality. To illustrate this method, take 0.08 salts and pepper noise and compute it as MSE it becomes 2.58 and PSNR 202.67, which indicates that this method is better than others at removing higher noise as well.

Mixed‐Methods Inquiry of Socially Inclusive e‐Learning: A Policy Document Analysis and Rapid Survey Study

The Covid‐19 pandemic has catalyzed irreversible structural changes in education systems worldwide. One key development is the broad utility of remote digital e‐learning modalities for learning and instruction that could jeopardize social inclusion if digital in(ex)clusion is left unaddressed. This study assembles a two‐step mixed method research design and conducts a case inquiry of Shaanxi Province in China by leveraging policy document analysis and rapid survey methodology in examining how transitions to remote digital e‐learning may introduce learning barriers to children from vulnerable backgrounds. Findings reveal that children’s access to remote digital e‐learning devices during the rapid transition to e‐learning has a close association with their backgrounds. Key policy implications include utilizing multimodal hybrid technology in diversifying content delivery and maximizing e‐learning coverage, developing open learning platforms, expanding access to e‐learning resources, and collaborating with industry partners to bring tangible support to families and realize meaningful e‐learning at home.

Arsenic removal technologies for middle- and low-income countries to achieve the SDG-3 and SDG-6 targets: A review

• Over 230 million population are suffering from ‘As’ laced drinking water and its associated health hazards worldwide. • To achieve SDG- 3 (Good health and well-being’) and SDG-6 (Safe and clean water and sanitation) ‘As’ problem needs to be managed. • Low and middle income countries have a challenge to implement highly efficient As removal technologies. • Chemical and biological technologies, adsorption, and hybrid technologies with running cost <1 US$/m 3 can be applied in low/middle income countries. • Regular monitoring of As, community participation, research on cost effective As-removal models coupled with policy level intervention is most needed. Contamination of arsenic (As) in groundwater has increased across the world with prominence in the middle- and low-income countries. The United Nations ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDG's)- ‘good health and well-being’ (SDG 3) and ‘safe and clean water and sanitation for all’ (SDG 6), cannot be achieved without monitoring and remediating ‘As’ pollution in groundwater. Over 230 million people worldwide are affected due to arsenic-contaminated drinking water. More than 200 articles discussing the ‘As’ contamination, toxicity and cost effective technology were reviewed in this study focusing on economic status of the affected nation as per World bank report. Cost budget analysis suggested that chemical oxidation followed by precipitation (0. 043-0. 076 US$/m 3 ), low cost adsorbent (0. 1 US$/m 3 ), hybrid treatment technologies (0. 15-0. 17 US$/m 3 ) and biological oxidation (0. 2 US$/m 3 ) can be applied in low income countries through community based models to mitigate the health problem related to As contamination in order to achieve SDG 3 and SDG 6 targets. This study recommends further research on budget friendly ‘As’ remediation systems and policy level interventions in the affected nations to cater safe drinking water to all.

Emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Enhances the Core Competency of Supply Chain Management Process in the Dynamic Business Environment

In this modern world, perspectives and practices of doing businesses changes often in order to sustain, grow and compete in the dynamic business environment. On going through this aspect, each and every business practices has its major importance, through which one can be able to rule the business world similarly supply chain management of a business plays a major and crucial role in the success of the business where it is directly or indirectly meets the customers’ expectations and satisfaction. Ironically, these supply chain management plays a crucial role and acts as a back bone for E-Commerce Businesses. In order to maintain the momentum of competitiveness, every businessman started to adapt the technological transformation into their business and its related core business processes. One among them are the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a hybrid technology which could bring and develop a lot of sustainability and competitiveness in to the business but it is very important to identify the core competence and that needs to be matched with the current business practices according to changing business needs then only one can be able to feel the attainability and adaptability. Here, in this conceptual paper, the researcher tries to find out the major competency on the adaptation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in to the core supply chain management process of a business. By doing such so, the researcher can find out what kind of technological impact that could be produced in the supply chain management could be portrayed for future implications on various dimensions of business and its related practices.

Possible Synergies of Nanomaterial-Assisted Tissue Regeneration in Plasma Medicine: Mechanisms and Safety Concerns.

Cold atmospheric plasma and nanomedicine originally emerged as individual domains, but are increasingly applied in combination with each other. Most research is performed in the context of cancer treatment, with only little focus yet on the possible synergies. Many questions remain on the potential of this promising hybrid technology, particularly regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this perspective article, we therefore start from the fundamental mechanisms in the individual technologies, in order to envision possible synergies for wound healing and tissue recovery, as well as research strategies to discover and optimize them. Among these strategies, we demonstrate how cold plasmas and nanomaterials can enhance each other’s strengths and overcome each other’s limitations. The parallels with cancer research, biotechnology and plasma surface modification further serve as inspiration for the envisioned synergies in tissue regeneration. The discovery and optimization of synergies may also be realized based on a profound understanding of the underlying redox- and field-related biological processes. Finally, we emphasize the toxicity concerns in plasma and nanomedicine, which may be partly remediated by their combination, but also partly amplified. A widespread use of standardized protocols and materials is therefore strongly recommended, to ensure both a fast and safe clinical implementation.

Tackling post-COVID-19 pandemic food crises through the adoption of improved maize seeds and technologies by smallholder farmers: The case of Ejura Sekyeredumase in Ghana

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to accelerate food production efforts to achieve the UN SDG two, i. e., zero hunger target by 2030, is gaining momentum across the global food security discourse. One way to accelerate food production is to adopt improved seeds and technologies that may close existing yield gaps and support food security efforts in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper uses mixed methods, including key informant interviews, structured household questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions, to examine the factors influencing the adoption of improved seeds and complementing technologies in Ghana. In particular, we draw insight from theories of failed market-induced behavior, innovation diffusion and induced-innovation theories to explore farmers' perceptions and adoption of different specific improved maize varieties and technologies for agricultural productivity. Our findings suggest that the level of awareness of improved seeds, particularly hybrid seeds and technologies, and the adoption rate of these technologies are low among Ghana's rural farmers. The findings reveal that socio-demographic and economic factors such as gender, age, cost of seeds, the promise of more yields, market access, social networks' influence, seed availability and accessibility are essential determinants of adopting improved planting technologies among smallholder farmers. This paper argues that location and context-specific-targeted extension services delivery to enhance the widespread adoption of improved seeds and technologies across scales can build farmers' capacity to increase agricultural productivity.

MOF@biomass hybrids: Trends on advanced functional materials for adsorption

This contribution aims to demonstrate the scope of new hybrids between biomass and metal-organic frameworks (MOF@biomass) used in the adsorption process of pollutants. After a brief presentation of the use of the main series of MOFs as efficient adsorbents for different types of pollutants, the limitations of these structures related to particle size and hydrodynamic problems during their application are highlighted. Lignocellulosic biomasses are also recognized as an alternative adsorbent, mainly due to their high natural abundance and their low environmental impact during and after their application. The limited capacity of bioadsorbents becomes important in this research. Consequently, the largest amount of information existing in the last ten years on MOF-Biomass functionalization as a hybrid and improvement technology for adsorption processes is compiled, analyzed, compared and contrasted. So far, there is no evidence of works that exploit the concept of functionalization of adsorbents of different nature to give rise to new hybrid materials. Through this review it was found that the hybrids obtained show a higher adsorption capacity (Qe) compared to their precursors, due to the increase of organic functional groups provided by the biomass. Thus, for heavy metals, dyes, Arsenium anions and other organic and pharmaceutical compounds, there are increases in Qe of about 100 mg g−1. The possibility of the new hybrid being studied for desorption and reuse processes is also raised, resulting in a new line of research that is attractive for the industry from an economic and environmental point of view. The functionalization methods and techniques used in the studies cited in this article are outlined. In conclusion, this research brings a new horizon of study in the field of adsorption and mentions the main future challenges related to new sustainable applications.

Cost–Benefit Analysis of Synergistic CO2 and NOx Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Road Transport Sector in China

The transportation sector is a major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, and it has a crucial effect on the synergistic reduction of NOx and carbon. In order to find the energy-efficient vehicle technologies with the highest net reduction potential and lowest net reduction cost over the life cycle, this study traced the CO2 and NOx emission streams of 33 energy-efficient technologies, hidden in the supply chain during the production phase, through structural path analysis, and measured the emission reductions during the use phase using the emission factor method. Moreover, we applied structural decomposition analysis to quantify the three main drivers, including emission intensity, industrial structure, and final demand, of changes in CO2 and NOx emissions from 11 transport subsectors during 2012–2018. Results indicate that CO2 emissions of the transport sector more than doubled from 2012 to 2018; however, the influence of NOx was less significant. The final demand of the road subsector was the most significant driver contributing to CO2 emission changes, with an increase of 109.27 Mt. The emission intensity of road transportation caused the greatest mitigation effect on NOx emission changes, with a decrease of 1902 Kt. The findings of the scenario analysis demonstrate that the most efficient action of the pure electric technology for passenger cars reduces 20.92 Mt NOx emissions, and the parallel hybrid technology for heavy trucks offers the greatest cost effectiveness with a net abatement of 2577 Mt CO2 over its life cycle. Consequently, the aggressive development of new energy technology has become a prerequisite strategy to synergistically reduce CO2 and NOx emissions.

Deep and hybrid learning of MRI diagnosis for early detection of the progression stages in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s, or so-called dementia, is one of the types of diseases that affects brain cells and causes memory loss, difficulty in thinking, and forgetfulness. Thus far, there is no effective treatment for AD, but treatment could be helpful in impeding the progression of the disease. Therefore, early AD diagnosis is effective in limiting the disease from progressing to advanced and dangerous stages. Physicians and radiologists face difficulties in diagnosing healthy nerve cells from soft tissue, and it requires substantial expertise and a long time to decipher the MRI images. Thus, artificial intelligence techniques can play a key role in diagnosing MRI images for early detection of AD. In this study, four proposed systems with different methodologies and materials for tracking the stages of AD development are presented. The first proposed system is to classify a data set using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and feed-forward neural networks (FFNN) based on the features extracted in a hybrid manner by using a combination of Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) algorithms. The second proposed system is to classify the data set using two deep learning models – ResNet-18 and AlexNet – that are pre-trained based on deep feature map extraction. The third proposed system is to diagnose the data set using a hybrid technology between ResNet-18 and AlexNet models to extract feature maps and machine learning (SVM) to classify feature maps. The fourth proposed system diagnoses the data set using ANN and FFNN algorithms based on the hybrid features of ResNet-18 and AlexNet deep learning models and traditional algorithms (LBP, DWT, and GLCM). All the proposed techniques achieved superior results in the diagnosis of MRI images for early detection of AD. The FFNN algorithms based on the hybrid features extracted by ResNet-18 with features extracted using traditional algorithms achieved an accuracy of 99.8%, precision of 99.9%, sensitivity of 99.75%, specificity of 100%, and AUC of 99.94%.

Surgical treatment of distal triceps tendon ruptures

Restoration of the anatomy and the original length of the muscle-tendon unit in triceps tendon ruptures. Acute and chronic triceps tendon ruptures with persisting symptoms and significant strength deficits. Infections and tumors in the surgical area. Prone position. Skin incision over the distal triceps in alateral direction around the olecranon. Mobilization of the tendon and débridement of the olecranon. Drilling of 2 × 2.9 mm suture anchor holes medial and lateral into the footprint of the olecranon. In addition, drilling through the olecranon 12 mm distal to the tip of the olecranon and transosseous introduction of 4sutures. Then the suture anchors (all-suture or titanium anchors) are inserted into the drill holes. Refix the deep and superficial tendons with the anchor threads. Refix the upper tendon portions with the transosseous sutures. In the case of chronic lesions, agraft interposition is necessary. Dorsal 10 ° splint, then change to an orthosis fixed in 20 ° extension and passive mobility 0-30 ° flexion for 6weeks. From the 7th week onwards, load-free, physiotherapeutically controlled increasing mobilization. Starting weight-loading from the 13th week on. Full load after 6months. In all, 34male strength athletes with acute triceps tendon rupture underwent surgery using the hybrid technique described and were prospectively recorded. The MEPS‑G score averaged 94.7points, there were no permanent limitations in mobility, and the postoperative strength ability averaged 94% of the original strength performance ability. The return to sport achieved 100%. The complication rate was 20.6%. Reconstruction of the distal triceps tendon using hybrid technology leads to very good functional results. Half of all patients complained of symptoms even before the rupture, which suggests previous damage to the distal triceps tendon caused by degeneration.

THE CHOICE OF A PERSONALIZED METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF BREAST CANCER IN A CYST BY MEANS OF HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES UNDER ULTRASOUND NAVIGATION

The article presents the results of the use of a new improved method of cytologic diagnostics of cancer in a breast cyst by applying hybrid technologies. By using our new created method with the application of ozone-oxygen mixture, unlike the traditional method of fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast cysts with a solid parietal component, the probability of obtaining unaltered atypical cells in the punctate in the presence of malignization increases, thereby promoting the informativeness and sensitivity of this diagnostic method.

Process intensification in continuous flow organic synthesis with enabling and hybrid technologies

Industrial organic synthesis is time and energy consuming, and generates substantial waste. Traditional conductive heating and mixing in batch reactors is no longer competitive with continuous-flow synthetic methods and enabling technologies that can strongly promote reaction kinetics. These advances lead to faster and simplified downstream processes with easier workup, purification and process scale-up. In the current Industry 4.0 revolution, new advances that are based on cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence will be able to optimize and invigorate synthetic processes by connecting cascade reactors with continuous in-line monitoring and even predict solutions in case of unforeseen events. Alternative energy sources, such as dielectric and ohmic heating, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, reactive extruders and plasma have revolutionized standard procedures. So-called hybrid or hyphenated techniques, where the combination of two different energy sources often generates synergistic effects, are also worthy of mention. Herein, we report our consolidated experience of all of these alternative techniques.