Hybrid Storage System Research Articles

Analysis of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic—Marine Current Hybrid System and the Influence on Daily and Seasonal Energy Storage

Stand-alone systems in remote regions require the utilization of renewable resources; however, their natural intermittence requires the implementation of energy-storage systems that allow a continuous power supply. More than one renewable source is usually available at the same site. Thus, the choice of a hybrid system seems viable. It is relevant to study hybrid systems as they could reduce energy storage; however, sizing the hybrid system might have several implications, not only for the available daily energy, but also for the required daily energy storage and surplus seasonal energy. In this work, we present a case study of a stand-alone, conventional household powered by photovoltaic and marine-current-energy systems in Cozumel, Mexico. The analysis of different hybridization degrees serves as a guidance tool to decide whether hybrid systems are required for a specific situation; in contrast to previous approaches, where ideal consumption and generation profiles have been utilized, yearlong profiles were utilized here. The renewable potential data were obtained on site at an hourly resolution; requirements such as size of and cycles in the daily and seasonal energy storage were analyzed according to the degree of participation or hybridization of the proposed renewable systems through an algorithm that evaluates power generation and daily consumption throughout the year. A further analysis indicated that marine-current-energy implementation reduces the size of the daily energy-storage system by 79% in comparison to the use of only a photovoltaic system due to the similarity between the energy-demand profile and the marine-current-energy production profile. The results indicate that a greater participation of marine currents can help decrease daily storage while increasing seasonal storage by 16% compared to using only solar energy. On the other hand, hybridization enabled a reduction in the number of daily charge and discharge cycles at 0.2 hybridization degrees. It also allowed us to reduce the seasonal energy storage by 38% at 0.6 hybridization degrees with respect to only using energy from marine currents. Afterwards, energy-storage technologies were evaluated using the TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to validate the best-suited technology for the energy-storage system. The evaluation considered the characteristics of the technology and the periods of energy storage. In this work, hybrid storage systems were mandatory since, for daily storage, lithium-ion batteries are better suited, while for seasonal storage, hydrogen-producing systems are more suitable to manage the amount of energy and the storage duration due to the high seasonal renewable-energy variations.

Optimized design and simulation of a hybrid storage system based on hydrogen as an energy carrier

The integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system can contribute to the development of a low-carbon economy. However, due to the intermittency and non-programmability of these sources, problems related to the management of local electricity grids may occur. A possible solution or limitation to these issues is given by the electrical storage. In addition, in the next future, domestic micro-grids are expected to play a fundamental role in electric power networks, driving both the academic and industrial research interests in developing highly efficient and reliable conversion and storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of a small-scale hybrid energy system for hydrogen production and storage has been predicted, by means of a developed calculation model, and the operational strategy of the system has been optimized with the aim to maximize the hydrogen production. In addition, with the aim to maximize the overall solar-to-hydrogen chain efficiency, the whole system model has been applied to different operating scenarios, to identify the optimal management strategy to control it.

Developed Power Flow Control of PV/Battery/SC Hybrid Storage System Featuring Two Grid Modes

Developed Power Flow Control of PV/Battery/SC Hybrid Storage System Featuring Two Grid Modes

Review on operation control strategy of DC microgrid with electric-hydrogen hybrid storage system

Review on operation control strategy of DC microgrid with electric-hydrogen hybrid storage system

Study and Treat the Effect of Loads and Radiation Changes for the Standalone Photovoltaic System by a Hybrid Storage System

Study and Treat the Effect of Loads and Radiation Changes for the Standalone Photovoltaic System by a Hybrid Storage System

An Economic Risk Analysis in Wind and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Integrated Power System Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithm

Due to the restructuring of the power system, customers always try to obtain low-cost power efficiently and reliably. As a result, there is a chance to violate the system security limit, or the system may run in risk conditions. In this paper, an economic risk analysis of a power system considering wind and pumped hydroelectric storage (WPHS) hybrid system is presented with the help of meta-heuristic algorithms. The value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are used as the economic risk analysis tool with two different confidence levels (i.e., 95% and 99%). The VaR and CVaR with higher negative values represent the system in a higher-risk condition. The value of VaR and CVaR on the lower negative side or towards a positive value side indicates a less risky system. The main objective of this work is to minimize the system risk as well as minimize the system generation cost by optimal placement of wind farm and pumped hydro storage systems in the power system. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP), artificial bee colony algorithms (ABC), and moth flame optimization algorithms (MFO) are used to solve optimal power flow problems. The novelty of this paper is that the MFO algorithm is used for the first time in this type of power risk curtailment problem. The IEEE 30 bus system is considered to analyze the system risk with the different confidence levels. The MVA flow of all transmission lines is considered here to calculate the value of VaR and CVaR. The hourly VaR and CVaR values of the hybrid system considering the WPHS system are reported here and the numerical case studies of the hybrid WPHS system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. To validate the presented approach, the results obtained by using the MFO algorithm are compared with the SQP and ABC algorithms’ results.

SCORES "Self-Consumption Of Renewable Energy by hybrid Storage systems"

SCORES "Self-Consumption Of Renewable Energy by hybrid Storage systems"

Proposal and Evaluation of IO Concentration-Aware Mechanisms to Improve Efficiency of Hybrid Storage Systems

Proposal and Evaluation of IO Concentration-Aware Mechanisms to Improve Efficiency of Hybrid Storage Systems

Energy production and storage from a polygeneration system based on parabolic trough solar collector, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, organic Rankine cycle, and alkaline electrolyzer

Due to the limitations with fossil fuels consumption, it is necessary to pay more attention to clean energy sources such as solar energy. Using solar energy systems as a driven of hybrid systems and integrating with an energy storage technology can alleviate some of the problems. In the present paper, a novel solar driven-polygeneration energy system with electrical energy storage is introduced and investigated. The cycle power generation section is composed of parabolic trough collector field, proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, organic Rankine cycle, alkaline electrolyzer, and thermoelectric generator. The light energy of the sun is converted into thermal energy by the solar collector. This thermal energy prepares the necessary thermal duty of the organic Rankine cycle's evaporator. Then, the electricity generated by the organic Rankine cycle is used to electrify an electrolyzer. The oxygen and hydrogen obtained from electrolyzer are used to generate power and heat by the fuel cell. Then, the waste heat of the fuel cell goes to the hot end of the thermoelectric generator and electricity is generated. The electricity generated from the fuel cell, thermoelectric generator, and surplus of the organic Rankine cycle is stored via a hybrid storage system for times of need (at night, cloudy days and/ or peak consumption hours). Findings revealed that the proposed polygeneration cycle is capable of generating 22.5 kW of power. Furthermore, 140.8 kW of thermal power and 97.3 g/h of hydrogen fuel are generated by the solar collector field and electrolyzer, respectively. Moreover, sum exergy destruction, system efficiency, and net capacity of the storage system are 18.83 kW, 60.3%, and 89 m3, respectively. Three different scenarios are considered for the solar field design based on the determined collector numbers.

A machine learning assisted data placement mechanism for hybrid storage systems

Emerging applications produce massive files that show different properties in file size, lifetime, and read/write frequency. Existing hybrid storage systems place these files onto different storage mediums assuming that the access patterns of files are fixed. However, we find that the access patterns of files are changeable during their lifetime. The key to improve the file access performance is to adaptively place the files on the hybrid storage system using the run-time status and the properties of both files and the storage systems. In this paper, we propose a machine learning assisted data placement mechanism that adaptively places files onto the proper storage medium by predicting access patterns of files. We design a PMFS based tracer to collect file access features for prediction and show how this approach is adaptive to the changeable access pattern. Based on data access prediction results, we present a linear data placement algorithm to optimize the data access performance on the hybrid storage mediums. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed learning algorithm can achieve over 90% accuracy for predicting file access patterns. Meanwhile, this paper can achieve over 17% improvement of system performance for file accesses compared with the state-of-the-art linear-time data placement methods.

Analysis on the electric vehicle with a hybrid storage system and the use of Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)

Given the current load and power density limitations in electric vehicle (EV) storage systems, it is necessary to study hybrid and control systems in order to optimize their performance and present themselves as a real alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This implies the development of legislation and specific regulations that enable the research and development of these storage and management systems for hybrid systems. The research presented here aims to analyze the implementation of the SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) energy storage system for the future of electric vehicles. To do this, the need for a hybrid storage system has been taken into account, with several regulatory options, such as the reduction of rates or the promotion of private investments, which allow the technological development of EVs. What is sought is to achieve the market share proposed by the different countries to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG), according to their objectives. This approach must be taken from the legislative and regulatory perspective, specific to EVs and charging points, of several countries or regions with different cultures, management models and implementation potential, such as the United States of America (USA), Europe and China. This analysis is associated with the economic study of costs that this storage system may involve in the implementation of EVs to replace ICE vehicles, resulting in possible economic benefits as well as the environmental benefits of the use of EVs. In this analysis, the current high cost of using a hybrid system of these characteristics can be observed with the comparison of three EVs, as well as current data on GHG emissions produced by transport. All this leads to a series of advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account in order to achieve the objectives that countries have in the coming decades of EV diffusion.

Cooperative Control of Wind-Hydrogen-SMES Hybrid Systems for Fault-Ride-Through Improvement and Power Smoothing

Green hydrogen produced from wind power has a significant potential value for the fossil-free green energy transition. However, a grid-connected wind-hydrogen hybrid system is sensitive to grid fault and wind variation disturbances which probably cause the disconnection of wind turbine (WT) system thereby deteriorating the safe operation of power grid. To solve this problem, this paper firstly presents a feasible setup of wind-hydrogen-superconducting magnet energy storage (SMES) hybrid system. Then a cooperative control strategy is proposed to protect the grid-connection of this system from the disturbances for the system reliability and power quality. In this method, the flexibility of alkaline electrolyzer and SMES on providing fault-ride through (FRT) and power-smoothing are exploited. Moreover, based on two cooperative mechanisms with the coordination of SMES and electrolyzer, this method offers a cost-effective FRT solution with a capital cost reduction of SMES, and an effective power smoothing approach for the fluctuated wind power. Based on case studies the feasibility and superiority of the presented control method are demonstrated.

An optimization framework for planning wayside and on-board hybrid storage systems for tramway applications

Electric mobility is gaining importance on pursuing decarbonisation of transport sector. In this context, electric tramways are recognised as a clean urban collective conveyance. Strong evidences manifest the advantages of storage systems in tramway applications. Despite its apparent benefits, the planning of such kind of systems for tramway applications has received few attention in literature. This work aims at filling this gap. To this end, a novel optimization framework for planning hybrid storage systems (batteries + super-capacitors) for tramway applications on either wayside or on-board configurations is developed, which incorporates an energy management tool to effectively coordinate the different storage technologies. Specific issues related with high resolution tramway demand measurements are addressed by using data dimensionality reduction techniques and temporal representation by representative trips. The new proposal is validated for a real Cuenca - Ecuador tramway for which extensive simulations are carried out with different storage system layouts (super-capacitors, super-capacitors + batteries), and configurations (wayside and on-board) including different electrochemical batteries technologies (lead-acid, nickel cadmium and lithium ion). The results obtained show the benefits of storage systems in tramway facilities (in fact, the total cost of the project can be reduced by 71%), highlighting the importance of fast-acting technologies such as super-capacitors to handle high peak demand consumptions, while batteries are primarily dedicated to providing backup long-term storage capacity. Wayside and on-board configurations are also compared, revealing that total weight of the storage system suppose the main barrier for large capacity installation in on-board layouts.

Performance modeling of unmanaged hybrid battery/supercapacitor energy storage systems

Unmanaged hybrid battery/supercapacitor energy storage systems possess higher performance with lower cost and complexity compared to not only individual cells, but also electronically managed hybrid systems. Achieving full performance requires the understanding of the power distribution and predicting their best combinations. In this work, a semi-empirical modeling methodology is presented that can predict the current distribution and the voltage response of battery/supercapacitor hybrid systems under arbitrary charge/discharge profiles. Results are presented for the assessment of hybrid systems under real life scenarios. The key strength of the presented method is that it is free of any parametrization, fits or subjective inputs. The modeling methodology is validated with experimental measurements for two different Li-ion battery chemistries, namely Lithium Iron Phosphate and Lithium Vanadium Pentoxide, connected in parallel to wide range of supercapacitors. Finally, we outline several design rules for hybrid storage systems for different use cases.

Adaptive synergistic control strategy for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid during normal operation and contingencies

This paper proposes an adaptive synergistic control strategy for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid to overcome its vulnerability to notable grid impedance variation provoked by load changes. Microgrid employs an internal DC link incorporating hybrid renewable resources represented by wind turbine generator, photovoltaic arrays and hybrid energy storage system. The latter comprises supercapacitor stacks for fast compensation and a hydrogen management scheme for long-term energy storage to counteract renewable resources indeterminacy. The internal DC link is attached to the AC side via a grid-side converter to constantly realize bus voltage and frequency constancy. The central premise of the proposed strategy during normal conditions is to meet load obligation via proper sharing of demanded power among hybrid resources and storage systems, optimize operation schedule of hydrogen management scheme to guarantee longer lifetime, enhance microgrid stability against abrupt loads disconnections when load shedding is activated during extremely low microgrid production. Accordingly, grid-side converter control structure is adaptively modulated based grid impedance estimation at the AC side in response to load manipulations to alleviate its impact on AC bus voltage stability. Furthermore, two series-connected resistive-type super fault current limiters are attached at the AC bus to mitigate large transient currents caused by different faults. The simulation results, so extensively obtained, reveal seamless exchange of desired load power during entire operational modes and decrease of bus voltage perturbations caused by extensive load variations thus enhancing microgrid robustness against parameters uncertainty. In addition, microgrid is maintained connected and protected during severe symmetrical and asymmetrical faults.

RED WoLF hybrid storage system: Comparison of CO2 and price targets

Innovative control method is prosed for the RED WoLF hybrid storage system. The technology is aimed for residential dwellings and allows to reduce the load from the electrical grid during time with high CO2 emissions. The RED WoLF system consists of a battery, water cylinder, PV array and storage heaters. This technology allows the grid energy to be stored at the “greenest” time, in order to accommodate needs of dwellings with the aid of AI. The original RED WoLF algorithm is considerably improved, following modified progressive threshold approach up to additional 14% savings of CO2 could be obtained. Intriguingly, savings are only slightly lower than global possible mathematical minimum, for the system barred of predictions errors. However, the computation time of the proposed control method is lower by a few orders of magnitudes, with comparison to standard optimisation techniques. Furthermore, the investigation on 11 months period was performed in order find out if there is significant difference between following a time of use tariff or an environmental signal. Results, suggest that the differences are minor in both cases following any signal improves the used energy quality. Although, the price signal has been affected slightly more to the choice of a target. Finally, the average system composition with 2 kWh battery and 4 kW PV array provides reduction by 55%–60% of both CO2 emissions and the bill. Such achievement could potentially lead to smooth substitution of carbon intensive residential systems with gas and oil heaters.

RED WoLF hybrid storage system: Adaptation of algorithm and analysis of performance in residential dwellings

The manuscript proposes the innovative energy storage technology which will allow reducing the load from the grid during peak time consumption, as a result, less CO2 will be generated by electrical grid or renewable energy such as wind energy will not be wasted but rather stored in each household. We do not manage the household consumption, but we store the energy whenever it is “greenest“ and can be used in the future and at the same time avoid the usage of the grid during the peak time, thus there is no effect on the dweller lifestyle. Although the technologies used in the article are well known and are ready to use, such a unique combination was never proposed before. We combine photovoltaic arrays, storage heaters and batteries. The inclusion of storage heaters allows us not to use the battery to heat the dwelling and consequently dramatically reduce the battery size needed for the storage. The article also shows the success in avoiding peak times of such combination during numerical simulation test of the control algorithm. These results become exceptionally interesting since this algorithm will be later tested on various pilot sites across North Europe and thus innovate the energy sector.

Data Chunks Placement Optimization for Hybrid Storage Systems

“Hybrid Cloud Storage” (HCS) is a widely adopted framework that combines the functionality of public and private cloud storage models to provide storage services. This kind of storage is especially ideal for organizations that seek to reduce the cost of their storage infrastructure with the use of “Public Cloud Storage” as a backend to on-premises primary storage. Despite the higher performance, the hybrid cloud has latency issues, related to the distance and bandwidth of the public storage, which may cause a significant drop in the performance of the storage systems during data transfer. This issue can become a major problem when one or more private storage nodes fail. In this paper, we propose a new framework for optimizing the data uploading process that is currently used with hybrid cloud storage systems. The optimization is concerned with spreading the data over the multiple storages in the HCS system according to some predefined objective functions. Furthermore, we also used Network Coding technics for minimizing data transfer latency between the receiver (private storages) and transmitter nodes.

Optimal Flow of MVDC Shipboard Microgrids With Hybrid Storage Enhanced With Capacitive and Resistive Droop Controllers

Hybrid storage system composed of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and supercapacitors is a promising solution to mitigate the high frequency power fluctuations of pulsed power loads (PPLs) in medium voltage DC (MVDC) shipboard power systems. Due to the presence of multiple storage units, a power sharing algorithm needs to be considered within the energy management system (EMS) in the shipboard power system. In this paper, an optimal power flow problem is formulated for MVDC shipboard power systems with hybrid energy storage systems. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and conventional generation units are enhanced with virtual resistive droop controllers to share the steady-state power fluctuations. Supercapacitors are enhanced with virtual capacitive droop controllers to share the high frequency fluctuations in the load. The optimal flow accounts for minimizing the operational cost of the generation units in the shipboard power system considering the constraints of network, load balance, voltage profile, and power/energy limits. Second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation is used to approximate the nonconvexity of the optimal flow formulation and necessary conditions for global optimality of the solution are discussed. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed formulation in load support and managing the energy between storage units.

Simulation of Charging and Discharging Process of a Hybrid Storage System in DC Microgrid

Due to intermittency in the natural resources and discrepancies in DC load, the stable power supply demands a storage device, generally low power density battery storage used, but the demand of quick power surges increases its rate of charge & discharge cycle which leads to a reduction in life of the battery (High energy density device), so which is compensated by using a supercapacitor (High power density device) which delivers high power in a short period, whereas battery delivers energy for a longer duration, however in this project work we have used an ideal Dc voltage source to simulate how the adopted control strategy is making power-sharing from battery & supercapacitor to DC bus and to observe their charging and discharging processes, also prevents them from overcharging and undercharging.