Hybrid Space Research Articles

OPERATIONALISING CONCEPTS OF DIGITAL TWINS ON DIFFERENT MATURITY LEVELS (FOETAL, CHILD, ADULT) FOR THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS

AbstractA digital twin is the mapping of a physical twin between hybrid spaces. The lifecycle of digital and physical twins occurs through the concepts of foetal, child, and adult twins. This technology can be used to assist clients and designers with real-time data. The use of digital twin technology in architectural design can be realised at various stages, from design to operation. Designers will be able to gain knowledge of the past, present, and future using this technology. This will reveal possible design scenarios. In this study, a hypothetical scenario is designed, in which designers build a building while already having a digital twin template. To do this, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is used as a reference model for digital twins, along with the fidelity levels of digital twins and the level of detail-development of BIM. When designers want to design a new project related to their predecessors, they already use the same type of digital twin-building portfolio they can use for their new design. A digital twin will help optimise the new process. Therefore, the digital twin of a building with a similar building type can be used to extract relevant data for the design process.

Design and analysis of a hybrid space heating system based on HT-PEM fuel cell and an air source heat pump with a novel heat recovery strategy

This work analyzes the performance of a system integrating high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) and air source heat pump (ASHP) technologies for residential space heating. The main goal is to improve energy conversion efficiency for a residential building in the Canadian climate, in which methane is normally used to feed traditional systems (e.g., boilers and/or furnaces), due to its considerable local availability. On the other hand, ASHP technology is characterized by high efficiency, but normally fails to perform well in cold climates, due to the reduction of the coefficient of performance (COP) and ice formation on the evaporator. Due to the higher attention paid to low temperature PEMFC system (LT-PEMFCS) till now, it is here investigated if significant improvements can be obtained with a higher temperature PEMFCS, by thus fully exploiting the higher quantity and better quality of recoverable waste heat compared to LT-PEMFCSs, particularly aiming at mitigating the afore-mentioned low-temperature related issues. A mathematical model for the system components is proposed to perform parametric analyses aimed at assessing the variation of efficiency as a function of both environmental and load conditions. The results show that the ASHP COP increases by more than 77% when the HT-PEMFCS works at its nominal (5.3 kW) power and/or inlet air has a high relative humidity (RH), i.e., close to 100%. The proposed HT-PEMFC system configuration was able to reach a total COP higher than 1.5, leading to a reduction of the needed primary energy needed and a consequent reduction of the operating costs by up to 60% compared to boilers.

Low-Cost BDS Reflectometry for Real-Time Water Surface Retrieval

The official launch of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System with global coverage (BDS-3) presents significant opportunities for various applications, including precision agriculture and autonomous driving, among others. With its global spatial coverage and hybrid space constellation comprising geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, BDS can significantly contribute to various GNSS remote sensing applications that require real-time, precise water surface height measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution, such as in tidal monitoring. In this paper, we propose a carrier-phase-based method for BDS Reflectometry (BDS-R) to precisely retrieve real-time water surface height. Firstly, the BDS-R altimetry method is introduced, along with a detailed explanation of the data processing procedures. Secondly, a quality control method tailored to the characteristics of low-cost BDS devices is developed. Thirdly, a land altimetry experiment is conducted to evaluate the precision of BDS-R and analyze the specific contribution of the BDS hybrid constellation. Finally, a water surface altimetry experiment validates the real-time monitoring capabilities for low-cost BDS-R. The results indicate that low-cost BDS-R can achieve real-time centimeter-level water level monitoring with a temporal resolution of 1 s in lakefront environments. The performance of BDS-R can be significantly improved by the BDS hybrid constellation, particularly IGSOs. It is concluded that low-cost BDS-R has great potential for promoting ground-based GNSS remote sensing applications.

Dis-locative Spaces and Digital Interactions

The concept of space constantly is growing with the advancement of technology. The spatial interactions using digital media provide new possibilities to bridge between physical and digital spaces. Location is not all about longitude and latitude, but all the added digital layer which may change the idea of positioning. Over the last decades, space studies faced many conceptual perceptions. The approach of having/imagining the different worlds and spaces, such as cyberspace and physical space, has been mostly formed by distinguishing them. Adriana de Souza e Silva (2006) drew a chronology for these imaginary spaces from cyberspace to virtual and hybrid space. Hybridizing of space with the advancement of nomadic technology like mobiles become more popular and indicates how the interfaces are transparent in our everyday life. So, hybridity occurs when the interconnection of the spaces is accessible for the people who can interact with, through the devices, wearable, headsets, etc. In this respect, the physical space needed to be filled with data, as Manovich (2006, p.226) defined this as augmentation of the space through “overlay[ing] physical space with layers of data.”
 The question of reality may not be valid anymore since both are affecting each other. And, maybe it is time to think about the interlinked worlds and their effects rather than separating and labelling them by real and unreal. Technology can play a crucial role in changing our interaction with space.
 The paper will investigate the concept of hybrid spaces in relation to production of dis-locative space. The dislocation environment that reveals the interconnected spaces and their realities through new ways of interactions and narratives. The realities that are created under the influence of each other. The paper will use the art project Shadows from Another Place as a case study. It will explore the idea of dis-location through spatial interaction and digital technology. The paper will profit from the theories including Production of Space by Henry Lefebvre, Supermodernity and Non-places by Mark Augé, and Relational Spaces by Scott McQuire.
 Paula Levine is a scholar and media artist who experiments with maps, geolocation data, and the dynamic of spaces. Shadows from Another Place is a web-based project using transposed maps, including three artworks San Francisco <-> Baghdad, The Wall, and TheWall-TheWorld. In this series, she tries to challenge the reality of geographical distances by hybridization of the spaces. Shadows from Another Place is a series of artwork that examines the discussion around dis-locative space, and spatial interaction using digital technology. The paper investigates with three questions of locations and dislocation, real and unreal, and intervening in the physical space by the virtual world and vice versa. Question of Location ‘where am I’? What is un/real? How virtual world affects physical world and vice versa?

Digitisation and renaissance of the manufacturing industry in major cities : The case of Berlin

The rise of digitisation will cause a major upheaval in the manufacturing industries, bringing changes to traditional industrial location patterns as well. In order to understand the direction these structural changes are taking, this paper analyses the start-up activity in the industrial sector. The frontrunners are metropolitan regions and in particular major cities such as Berlin or Munich. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the city of Berlin shows higher and stable concentrations of new industrial companies in inner city locations. This spatial pattern requires the proactive application of legal planning instruments for mixed land use, which contributes to the integration of hybrid spaces and clean and green factories in the inner city.

Ghost Holes and Hybrid Spaces: Imagining Some-owned futures through Some creative practices

Ghost Holes and Hybrid Spaces: Imagining Some-owned futures through Some creative practices

Lived rhythms as a ground for togetherness and learning in hybrid workspace

Using Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the flesh as rhythm, this article examines how lived dynamics between embodiment and space construct distinct modes of togetherness and learning in working life. Workspaces are becoming increasingly hybrid collections of various physical and virtual spaces. Contemporary workspace ideals embrace openness and a collective ‘buzz’, but this can also be disorientating. This article examines how different spaces could be combined to create spatial rhythms that balance collective working and learning with more silent types of understanding and reflexivity. The article suggests that we need both intimate and open spaces, as well as transitional spaces in between, to nurture learning and togetherness. First, spatial withdrawal can help people to connect with their earlier work history and dreams, sustaining openness of perception. Second, rhythmic movements between different spaces create a transitional experience of different worlds overlapping and a fertile condition for immediate communities. The article suggests that both approaches to space can assist in opening personal registers that are often suppressed: imagination and lived past. This article illuminates how reflexively created hybrid spaces can support personal grounding, spur learning opportunities and actualise novel modes of being together.

The space of the glazed window in nineteenth-century London

ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century, the widespread adoption of clear-glass windows facilitated the development of a new space of urban experience. The area immediately adjacent to the inside or outside of the glass window became an important venue in which the daily life of the city unfolded. Before the advent of industrially produced glass, urban shops and dwellings were either open or closed to the outside. The integration of glazed windows into the structures of nineteenth-century cities, however, created a new hybrid space of urban experience, allowing persons to be part of the outside life of the city, whilst simultaneously remaining physically separated from it.

One text, two worlds, third space: Design principles for bridging the two-worlds divide in teacher education

Teacher educators have designed innovative interventions to bridge the damaging divide between university and P-12 experiences by creating hybrid spaces where participants and ideas interact on common ground. Based on our analysis of these interventions, we propose three design principles for teacher education: shared settings, shared roles, and shared texts. We used these principles to design and study a university English Language Arts methods course. Analysis of interviews, classroom discussion, student teacher evaluations, and other data indicate that together, the three principles support a third space for participants to share expertise and break down hierarchies, integrate theory and practice, and build community.

Hybrid space vector modulation for low‐order common‐mode voltage reduction in current‐source rectifier for transformerless medium voltage drives

AbstractFor transformerless current‐fed medium voltage drives, low‐order harmonics of common‐mode voltages (CMVs) are more concerned with than peak values. To mitigate low‐order harmonics, the average values of CMVs should be suppressed. A hybrid space vector modulation (SVM) is proposed in this study to further reduce CMV average values generated by a current‐source rectifier (CSR) compared to existing zero‐state vector selection modulation. The proposed SVM is a combination of zero‐state vector selection and active zero‐state modulations. The transition points between two modulations are defined based on various modulating index. Power losses and efficiency of the proposed hybrid SVM are analysed in detail. Simulation on a medium‐voltage CSR (1 MW/4160 V/139 A) and experiments on a scale‐down CSR (2.5 kW/208 V/6.94 A) are conducted under various working conditions, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed SVM to further mitigate 180 Hz and other low‐order harmonics in CMVs in contrast to that by conventional zero‐state vector selection modulation.

From protected spaces to hybrid spaces: Mobilizing A place-centered enabling approach for justice-sensitive grassroots innovation studies

Sustainability transitions research to date has paid insufficient attention to the intrinsic benefits of grassroots innovations (GIs) in disadvantaged contexts and to issues of structural inequalities, grounded experiences of unsustainability, and place-based politics. This paper takes inspiration from critical transition studies to address these gaps by reconceptualizing grassroots niches as hybrid spaces involving both socio-spatial differentiation and socio-technical reconfigurations linked to capitalist industrialization. It then proposes a place-centered enabling approach to investigate how grassroots actors create, mobilize for, and assign meanings to GIs. Three interrelated analytical foci directing the approach – the development history of the host community, its place-framing, and its place-making politics – are applied to a case study of a community energy project in rural Taiwan. By demonstrating GIs’ potential to empower marginalized communities to pursue their place-based visions for sustainability, this paper adds socio-spatial and structural insights to discussions on the transformative politics of GIs.

Physics tutors’ perspectives on tutoring before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study at a comprehensive South African university

The research investigates the experience of physics tutors at a comprehensive South African university during online and hybrid learning because of the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was filled in by 12 tutors from a department of physics. The findings were that the tutors could manage tutoring large numbers of students in the online space and hybrid space. The tutors could manage tutor-to-student ratios of 1:200. More than 50% of the tutors found it difficult to adjust to e-tutoring and the main cause of this was unstable internet connectivity. More students were present for online tutorials than face-to-face tutorials but there was little active participation from students. The major challenge that tutors face with face-to-face tutoring is disruptive behavior from students during the tutorial sessions.

Global pluripotential theory on hybrid spaces

Let (X,L) be a polarized scheme over a Banach ring A. We define and study a class PSH(X,L) of plurisubharmonic metrics on the Berkovich analytification X an . We focus mainly on the case where A is a hybrid ring of power series, so that X an is the hybrid space associated to a degeneration of complex manifolds X. We then prove that any plurisubharmonic metric on (X,L) with logarithmic growth at zero admits a canonical plurisubharmonic extension to the hybrid space X hyb . We also discuss the continuity of the family of Monge-Ampère measures associated to a continuous plurisubharmonic hybrid metric.

Analyzing Ambivalence and Hybridized Individualistic Western Cultural Values in Mohsin Hamid’s Moth Smoke

This research explores postcolonial issues like ambivalence, cultural hybridity, mimicry, and identity crisis in Mohsin Hamid’s novel Moth Smoke. The novel presents the picture of Pakistani society surrounded by the presence of western values, cultural rifts and obsessions of materiality, and a weakening bond between the community and moral codes. Bhabha’s theory provides grounds to analyze the selected text. The wealthy characters of the novel, like Ozi and Mumtaz, are pursuing individualistic lifestyles affected by their touch with New York during their studies, while some Pakistani characters, like the drug dealer, Murad, are pursuing English as a basic language of communication only to hide their reality of low origin and stamp their authority and control over other. Ambivalence, hybridity, and mimicry of these characters are analyzed in this research. The hybridized individualistic western values lead Mumtaz to become an infidel to his husband and have extramarital affairs with Daru going against the cultural values of the Pakistani society with rigid patriarchal and sexual control over women. The space of cultural hybridity paves the way for mimicry in most of the instances and also leads to the downfall of Daru, the economically poor class friend of Ozi.

CREATIVE DESIGN METHODS FOR IOT DATA ETHICS IN HYBRID SPACES

This paper presents the use of creative methods including walking workshops, design fiction and policy prototyping to investigate questions of trust, security and ethics in public space Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. We describe how the walking workshops, or 'walkshops', were developed to incorporate both real IoT deployments, and design fictions representing mundane speculations, in the context of a city in the North-West of England. The first event was held in the physical city, highlighting its hybrid nature as ubiquitous data collection becomes common. The event was also repeated in a digital hybrid space created for this purpose which replicated the features of the city walk virtually. These activities were used to engage with local council officers and cybersecurity experts, and supported the development of new local government policies for secure and ethical IoT deployment. The outcomes of this work include reflections on the use of these methods, the delivery of policy recommendations, and the development of an online tool to support organizations in consideration of IoT deployments. Potential users of this tool include public bodies evaluating whether or not deployments conform to policy, those undertaking the design or procurement process for a deployment, and any other organizations assessing ethical and security aspects of IoT. We reflect on how combining such creative methods with others such as speculative design allows us a deeper insight into questions of data ownership, ethical data practice and data governance.

AUGMENTING LANDMARKS: EXTENDING “PLACES” IN THE HYBRID CITY

Several recent technological advancements are substantially altering how we interact with urban spaces. The existing physical space as we know it now encompasses a plethora of emerging realities into which we shift in and out, resulting in what is called Hybrid Spaces. Augmented Reality (AR) today gives way to forms of hybrid realities that are accessible through our handheld devices, and which allow us to engage with our physical reality in a new way. These devices allow us to access and view digital information that is saturating our urban spaces, and yet appear invisible to the naked eye. When this information is localized, it can be used to augment physical space with virtual overlays. These augmentations may become physically linked to the environment, establishing virtual landmarks that could only be accessed via these handheld or wearable digital portals through digital applications. This gives way to new forms of engaging in real-time with our socio-cultural daily activities. The literature shows that urban space is reimagined through augmented reality (AR) which plays a significant role in introducing new augmented “places” supporting our physical ones as hybrid realities. This paper, accordingly, investigates the notion of location-based AR experiences on landmarks in the urban space in accordance with our spatial memory, and how augmented reality through mobile devices, plays an important role as a gateway between our physical space and the virtual one. It also seeks to understand how these augmentations might insert and employ symbolic or personal meanings to the space, based on our different interpretations. In doing so, we conducted an integrative analytical review of the most recent literature, to study the forms of augmentations in multiple cities, and how they are used as agents in our spatial experience. The paper then introduced a framework that could be used to assess users’ satisfaction and the design considerations of the AR spatial experience. Finally, the paper adopts a few recent AR practices to be assessed by the proposed framework.

Another Gulmohar Tree – A Tale of Identity and Hybridity

This research analyzes the novella, Another Gulmohar Tree, written by Aamer Hussain, a Pakistani writer. The aim of this study is to analyze the theme of identity crisis by applying the Theory of Hybridity and Third Space given by Homi K. Bhabha. It has been investigated how the change of culture makes a person hybrid. This research further discusses an individual's challenges while moving from one place to another. Moreover, the mixture of eastern and western cultures also has been explained in the study concerning Hybridity. This research shows the collision of Pakistani and British cultures in Pakistani society. The individuals who migrate from one place to another experience loss of culture, norms and religious customs, resulting in a change of identity, Hybridity, and third space, along with giving way to a distorted concept of self-realization and adjusting to a new culture. The research highlights the difference between the cultures, creating a new sense of individual and their expression.

Collaborative survival in the city: Envisioning alternative urban futures through Black agrarian praxis

Urban inhabitants exist within hybrid spaces of continual transformation and metabolism where human labor is woven into the work of the trees, the grass, the water cycle. The built environment – concrete, houses, skyscrapers – butts up against urban riparian zones and wetlands. The postindustrial landscape exposes both the possibilities and the limits of building resilience in the context of constant metabolism and change. This article asks about the potential for collaborative survival in these spaces of deindustrialization, where the abundance of so-called vacant parcels represent a pathway toward more self-determined food systems and the potential for reimagined urban futures. I play with the concept of collaborative survival to consider a plurality of epistemologies, knowledge systems, and traditions, as well as histories and geographies of exclusion that contribute to this reimagining. I examine the work of Black gardeners and farmers in Cleveland, OH as an example of collaborative survival: their work within a changing environment to grow food for themselves and their community, producing the city around them as a socio-ecological hybrid. Urban food production, in this case, serves as a praxis and a knowledge frame for liberation and emancipation. This paper explores urban agrarianism among Black residents in light of two historical moments that have deeply impacted Cleveland, and that I argue have shaped and informed Black agrarian praxis and growers' urban imaginaries. Collaborative survival recognizes that processes of urban development are ongoing and immanent and contests developmentalist narratives that marginalize epistemologies embracing alternative urban futures. Examining Black growers' experiences with attention to a framing around survival and resilience highlights the continuity of structural and systemic racism and violence against Black and brown bodies, as well as the innovations that individuals and groups deploy to contest that violence.

Analysis of Dirac exceptional points and their isospectral Hermitian counterparts

Recently, a Dirac exceptional point (EP) was reported in a non-Hermitian system. Unlike a Dirac point in Hermitian systems, this Dirac EP has coalesced eigenstates in addition to the degenerate energy. Also different from a typical EP, the two energy levels connected at this Dirac EP remain real in its vicinity and display a linear instead of square root dispersion, forming a tilted Dirac cone in the hybrid space consisting of a momentum dimension and a synthetic dimension for the strength of non-Hermiticity. In this report, we first present simple three-band and two-band matrix models with a Dirac EP, where the linear dispersion of the tilted Dirac cone can be expressed analytically. Importantly, our analysis also reveals that there exist Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems that have the same (real-valued) energy spectrum in their entire parameter space, with the exception that one or more degeneracies in the former are replaced by Dirac EPs in the later. Finally, we show the existence of an imaginary Dirac cone with an EP at its center.

#WeWillWin: Mobilisation of Jerusalem's Armenian youth and digital acts of citizenship during the Second Artsakh War

AbstractThis focused digital ethnography explores Armenian diaspora youth mobilisation via hashtag activism concerning a homeland conflict, examining the impact of digital citizenship acts on diaspora nationalism and identity negotiation. Taking Jerusalem's Armenian School as a case study, I analyse the school's use of Facebook amid a global pandemic to coordinate youth mobilisation around the viral hashtag #WeWillWin during the Second Artsakh War between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. Ethnographic content analysis was applied to student‐created audiovisual materials, which were contextualised using interviews with schoolteachers and young adults. Considering complex geopolitics within a conflict‐ridden landscape, Armenian youth's audiovisual posts in cyberspace represent empowering, performative statements of identity and citizenship tethered to an imagined Armenian transnation. For diasporic youth facing uncertainty, crisis and marginalisation in local milieus, social media can constitute hybrid spaces between home and homeland for expressions of agency and dissent, identity negotiation and citizenship performance.