Hybrid Silver Research Articles

SEMI-ANALYTICAL APPROACH OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD/SILVER–GOLD HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW IN A CIRCULAR DISK: APPLICATION TO THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

This paper examines the three-dimensional flow of a bio-hybrid nanofluid through a porous rotating disk while considering the effects of linear thermal radiation and quadratic thermal radiation and examining entropy generation. The fluid enclosure with blood is taken as base fluid and silver–gold is considered as nanoparticles. The fluid flow phenomenon is characterized by nonlinear coupled differential equations involving two or more independent variables. A suitable numerical technique is used to handle the set of governing equations along with a stability and convergence analysis, followed by applying the homotopy perturbation method for solving stated equations. Through graphical illustrations, the radial and tangential velocity distributions, temperature distributions, entropy production and Bejan number are discussed graphically. The Nusselt number and friction factor results are presented and analyzed. The current finding is validated using the available data in both the numerical and homotopy perturbation methods. The results show that when heat absorption increases on blood/gold–silver hybrid nanofluid, a large heat flux develops on the revolving disk, accelerating the heat-transfer mechanism from that surface in both linear thermal radiation and quadratic thermal radiation cases. Moreover, we have seen that the entropy generation is increasing as the magnetic interaction parameter and heat absorption/generation coefficient in quadratic thermal radiation grow, in comparison with linear thermal radiation. The application of thermal radiation and entropy generation analysis is significantly used in the study of renal artery stenosis (RAS) systems and is an active area of research in the field of biomedical engineering. The model is utilized to compute entropy in physiological systems, such as cancer treatment, heat transfer in tissues, dialysis blood pump, and the efficacy of medical apparatus.

Deciphering the Evolution of Current Distribution in Hybrid Silver Vanadium Oxide / Carbon Monofluoride Cathodes within Lithium Primary Batteries.

For batteries to function effectively all active material must be accessible requiring both electron and ion transport to each particle. A common approach to generating the needed conductive network is the addition of carbon. An alternative approach is the electrochemically induced formation of conductive reaction products generated with intimate contact to the active material. This study probes silver vanadium oxide (Ag2V4O11, SVO), carbon monofluoride (CFx), and hybrid SVO/CFx electrodes in lithium batteries. Ex situ XRD identifies Ag0 as a reduction product from SVO and LiF from CFx that can be followed as a function of depth-of-discharge (DOD). Spatially-resolved operando energy dispersive x-ray diffraction reveals that presence of SVO alleviates reaction heterogeneity in the electrodes which are electron transfer limited in the absence of sufficient Ag0. Synchrotron X-ray tomography reveals silver particles to be more closely spaced near the current collector indicating multiple nucleation sites for their formation. Finally, enthalpy potentials, determined via operando isothermal microcalorimetry describe the current distribution adding further insight to the discharge process of the two active materials. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive understanding of hybrid SVO/CFx cathodes and give guidance on optimal compositions that balance power and energy density considerations.

In-vitro study of hybrid silver nanoparticles with humic acid extracted from cow dung against pathogens.

Recently, researchers have used silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coupled with humic acid (HA) as antimicrobial agents. Herein, AgNPs were prepared and coupled with humic acid for their antimicrobial activities. The as-prepared AgNPs coupled with humic acid (HA) were characterized by an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, zeta sizer, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Moreover, human plasma, varied salt concentrations, and pH levels were used for stability confirmation using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The antibacterial activities and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of coupled AgNPs were determined by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods, respectively, against identified Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, which are extracted from cow dung. AgNPs' peak in the UV-Vis spectral range showed maximal absorption at 415nm. The coupled AgNPs displayed their distinctive peak under all circumstances, demonstrating their stability. The FT-IR displayed functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acids, carbonyl, ester, and ether groups. The particles were face-centered cubic (FCC) in structure, according to the XRD. Moreover, particles had a spherical shape, high negative zeta potential, and were polydisperse in nature, with an average size of 25.43nm. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgNPs was found to be 2.5mg/mL, and the MBC of AgNPs/HA was found to be 5mg/mL. The result indicated that the as-synthesizedAgNPs/HA are more effective in inhibiting all the studied microorganisms, which can be attributed to the therapeutic use of nanoparticles coated with humic acids.

Fast photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal by an organic hybrid silver antimony sulfide coupled with PEDOT

Fast photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal by an organic hybrid silver antimony sulfide coupled with PEDOT

Construction of S-scheme heterojunction based on an organic hybrid silver tin selenide with strong affinity to Cr(VI) for efficient photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction

Construction of S-scheme heterojunction based on an organic hybrid silver tin selenide with strong affinity to Cr(VI) for efficient photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction

Development of triple-helical recombinant collagen-silver hybrid nanofibers for anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) applications

The escalating threat of healthcare-associated infections highlights the urgent need for biocompatible antibacterial materials that effectively combat drug-resistant pathogens. In this study, we present a novel fabrication method for triple-helical recombinant collagen (THRC)-silver hybrid nanofibers, specifically designed for anti-methicillin-resistantstaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) applications. Utilizing a silver-mediated crosslinking strategy, we harness a low-power 38 W lamp to enable silver ions (Ag+) to mediate crosslinking across various proteins. Mechanistic insights reveal the pivotal role of nine amino acids in facilitating this reaction. The THRC maintains its native structure, forming well-ordered nanofibers, while other globular proteins form a distinctive network-like structure. THRC also serves as a reducing and dispersing agent, facilitating thein situsynthesis of highly dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (∼7 nm in diameter) within the nanofibers. Systematic investigation of the reaction conditions between THRC and Ag+demonstrates the versatility of this novel approach for nanofiber fabrication. The incorporation of AgNPs imparts exceptional antibacterial activity to the THRC/AgNPs nanofibers, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration of 19.2 mg l-1and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 153.6 mg l-1against MRSA. This innovative approach holds significant potential for developing antibacterial protein-based biomaterials for infection management in wound healing and other biomedical applications.

Dependence of nanowire length, diameter, and concentration on the electrochromic properties of hybrid silver nanowire network/PEDOT:PSS-based devices.

Mixing silver nanowires is a relevant tool to increase the overall conductivity of hybrid electrochromic systems. Herein, the addition of silver nanowires with an average diameter of 30 nm, length of 88 um, and concentration of 3.0 mg/ml lowered the sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS films from 280 Ω/sq to 34 Ω/sq. Further characterized for their electrochromic behavior, mixing silver nanowires with PEDOT:PSS films allowed lowering the turn-on voltage from -1.5 V to -1.1 V and reducing the switching time from 7 to 3.6 seconds. Furthermore, with the addition of silver nanowires into PEDOT:PSS, an expensive ITO transparent and environmentally impactful electrode material is no longer required. Electrochromic devices based on hybrid AgNW/PEDOT:PSS films showed higher colouration efficiency, lower sheet resistance, lower turn on voltage, and faster switching times as compared to electrochromic devices made with PEDOT:PSS films only.

Fluorinated B-72 hybrid silver doped modified nanoparticle as a coating for biological corrosion protection of ancient bricks

In this paper, a superhydrophobic organic-inorganic composite coating containing fluorinated B72 hybrid methyl-modified silica/(Ag doped TiO2) by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) (H-SiO2/Ag/TiO2) was prepared by means of a mild and an environmental friendly method. Transparency, adhesion, hardness tests and photocatalytic performance were measured to determine the content of Ag in TiO2 which the TiO2/AgNO3 ratio is 0.008 g/mL. The synthesized Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The highest contact angle of coated ancient bricks was 148.66° and the color change value of ΔE⁎ before and after coating was <5 which is within an acceptable range. The physical properties such as apparent porosity and water vapor permeability (ΔMp) were studied. After weathering from acid, alkali, salt, water and ultraviolet radiation, the bricks coated by the composite coatings still have good hydrophobicity that the contact angle were >120° and minor degree of surface corrosion comparing with the ancient bricks. The inhibitory effect of the composite coating on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), and that on algae (Chlamydomonas and Dunaliella) were studied through bacteriostasis test and algae comparative experiments, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of the composite coating on antibacterial and anti-algae was studied. The results showed that the appearance of the ancient bricks was not changed after coating, and the anti-weathering, antibacterial and anti-algae properties of the ancient transformation were increased.

Investigated numerically nanoshell thickness on photothermal response of hybrid nanostructures in an aqueous medium

The current study describes the effect of changing a shell thickness on photothermal response of a hybrid nanostructures, using theoretical investigation based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) of the COMSOL multi-physics program. The hybrid nanostructures are the Core/Shell nanoparticles (C/S NPs) and the Core/Multi-Shell nanoparticles (C/MS NPs), with fixed core diameter (30 nm) and variable shell thickness (10–20 nm) to create a new type of hybrid nanostructures usable in photonic and optoelectronic applications. For these hybrid nanostructures, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) as a partner of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were used in thermo-plasmonic part. Hybrid multi-shell nanostructures consist of silver-gold and gold-silver sandwich with titanium dioxide shell in between, all of which are dispersed in an aqueous medium (n = 1.33). The optical properties, the local field distribution, and local heating control of plasmonic nanostructures have been studied under the influence of illumination at plasmonic wavelengths (405, and 532 nm). The results revealed to a clear tunable and adjustable optical and thermo-plasmonic properties by controlling the structure of the core/shell NPs. This results can be enhanced by changing the shell thickness, shape, size, and the nanostructure. The temperature elevation of the core/shell NPs was about 1–5 °C under different wavelengths of laser irradiation. Based on those results, there is possibility of using the core/shell nanoparticles as an efficient heat source in many applications, such as in the sterilization and disinfection of medical equipments.

Hybrid Bone Substitute Containing Tricalcium Phosphate and Silver Modified Hydroxyapatite-Methylcellulose Granules.

Despite years of extensive research, achieving the optimal properties for calcium phosphate-based biomaterials remains an ongoing challenge. Recently, 'biomicroconcretes' systems consisting of setting-phase-forming bone cement matrix and aggregates (granules/microspheres) have been developed and studied. However, further investigations are necessary to clarify the complex interplay between the synthesis, structure, and properties of these materials. This article focusses on the development and potential applications of hybrid biomaterials based on alpha-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP), hydroxyapatite (HA) and methylcellulose (MC) modified with silver (0.1 wt.% or 1.0 wt.%). The study presents the synthesis and characterization of silver-modified hybrid granules and seeks to determine the possibility and efficiency of incorporating these hybrid granules into αTCP-based biomicroconcretes. The αTCP and hydroxyapatite provide structural integrity and osteoconductivity, the presence of silver imparts antimicrobial properties, and MC allows for the self-assembling of granules. This combination creates an ideal environment for bone regeneration, while it potentially may prevent bacterial colonization and infection. The material's chemical and phase composition, setting times, compressive strength, microstructure, chemical stability, and bioactive potential in simulated body fluid are systematically investigated. The results of the setting time measurements showed that both the size and the composition of granules (especially the hybrid nature) have an impact on the setting process of biomicroconcretes. The addition of silver resulted in prolonged setting times compared to the unmodified materials. Developed biomicroconcretes, despite exhibiting lower compressive strength compared to traditional calcium phosphate cements, fall within the range of human cancellous bone and demonstrate chemical stability and bioactive potential, indicating their suitability for bone substitution and regeneration. Further in vitro studies and in vivo assessments are needed to check the potential of these biomaterials in clinical applications.

Hybrid silver(I) coumarin-carbene and coumarin-triphenylphosphine complexes: Towards more effective antimicrobial therapies

The rise of antimicrobial resistance and the resulting societal burden has highlighted the need for the development of novel therapeutics. Towards that end, a series of hybrid silver(I) coumarin-carbene and coumarin-triphenylphosphine complexes were synthesised and characterised by spectroscopic analysis including IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Isolation of coumarin-carbene hybrid complexes was achieved using two methods, with isolation via firstly the in-situ generation of a free carbene under Schlenk conditions, followed by reaction with a coumarin silver(I) complex resulting in the formation of a hybrid complex with two silver ions forming a strong argentophilic Ag(I)–Ag(I) interaction. In this hybrid complex one silver(I) ion was bound to two coumarin carboxylate ligands with the other ion bound to two carbene ligands. Isolation via an ionic carbene route led to more complex aggregates but both types of complexes had good solubility and photostability as did the triphenylphosphine hybrid complexes. All the hybrid complexes showed therapeutic potential as antimicrobial agents against MRSA with the carbene hybrid complexes exhibiting an increased antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and MRSA when compared to the initial silver(I) complexes.

Effect of plasma treatment of Ag/ZnO hybrid photocatalysts on the optical properties and morphology of Ag nanoparticles

Subject of study. This study investigates Ag/ZnO hybrid photocatalysts and the role of silver nanoparticles as the active phase of these hybrid photocatalysts after treatment with low-temperature plasma generated from a dielectric barrier discharge. Aim of study. The aim is to determine how plasma treatment affects the optical properties and morphology of silver nanoparticles in Ag/ZnO hybrid photocatalysts as well as to explore the relationship between plasma-induced morphological changes and the photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO in the photodegradation of methyl orange and caffeine. Method. Ag/ZnO hybrid photocatalysts and silver nanoparticle ensembles were treated with dielectric barrier discharge plasma in air at normal pressure. The photocatalytic performances of the original and plasma-treated materials were evaluated through the degradation of methyl orange and caffeine in aqueous solutions under ultraviolet light, and the concentrations of methyl orange and caffeine were measured by spectrophotometry. The effects of plasma modification were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, and atomic force microscopy. Main results. A plasma-induced reduction in the size of silver nanoparticle agglomerates was observed, accompanied by an increase in the number of individual nanoparticles. The nanoparticle size changes were dependent on the energy and duration of plasma treatment. Additionally, the plasma treatment of ZnO-based hybrid photocatalysts led to a marked increase in the fluorescence lifetime of ZnO, contributing to enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous media. Practical significance. Improving the efficiency of Ag/ZnO photocatalysts for the removal of organic impurities from aqueous media through photodegradation represents a significant advancement in environmental management.

Hybrid silver nanoparticles: Modes of synthesis and various biomedical applications

AbstractIn the present day, there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles, which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system. These modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials science. The fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applications in a wide range of areas, including therapy to diagnosis. The focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles, providing a concise description of hybrid silver nanoparticles, exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles, and highlighting their advantages. Additionally, we discussed core‐shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category, such as dielectric, metal, or semiconductor. The two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also reviewed. Furthermore, various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal nanoparticles. This choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge, which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid solution. Silica shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness, robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid nanoparticle. Therefore, among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles; silica is highly approved.

Investigation of Cytotoxic and Antileishmanial Activity of Hybrid Silver Nanoparticle Complexes: Potential Drug Candidates against Leishmania Species

In recent years, isolation of resistant Leishmania species to drugs in use has made it necessary to search alternative molecules that may be drug candidates. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and in vitro antileishmanial activity of hybrid silver nanoparticle (AgNP) complexes. In this study, three types of nanoparticles (NPs), oxidized amylose-silver (OA-Ag) NPs, oxidized amylose-curcumin (OA-Cur) NPs and oxidized amylose-curcumin-silver (OA-CurAgNP) nanoparticles were synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined against L929 mouse fibroblasts and the in vitro antileishmanial activity was determined against Leishmania tropica, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani isolates by the broth microdilution method. It was observed that the hybrid OA-CurAgNP complex obtained by combining curcumin and silver nanoparticles showed cytotoxic effects against L929 mouse fibroblasts at concentrations of 1074 µg/mL and above. IC50 values expressing the antileishmanial activity of the hybrid OA-CurAgNP complex against L.tropica, L.infantum and L.donovani isolates, were found to vary between 95-121 µg/mL, 202-330 µg/mL and 210-254 µg/mL, respectively. Resistance development has emerged as a major challenge in the treatment of leishmaniasis in recent times. Metallic nanoparticles are considered excellent candidates for medical applications due to their chemical and physical properties, as well as their prolonged circulation in the body. The current drugs used for leishmaniasis treatment are highly toxic, while nanoparticles offer advantages such as low toxicity and easy cellular uptake due to their nanoscale dimensions. The identification of strong efficacy in these particles may contribute scientific evidence for their potential use in leishmaniasis treatment. Therefore, the therapeutical value of OA-CurAgNP complex alone in combination with existing drugs should be examined.

Gold–Silver Hybrid Nanostructures for Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion: Core–Shell Configuration of Multipod and Hollow Cage

Gold–Silver Hybrid Nanostructures for Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion: Core–Shell Configuration of Multipod and Hollow Cage

In Situ Determination of the Potential Distribution within a Copper Foam Electrode in a Zinc‐Air/Silver Hybrid Flow Battery

AbstractThis work describes a novel methodology for measuring the potential distribution within the porous copper foam electrode of a zinc‐air/silver hybrid (ZASH) flow battery by using local potential probes. The suitability of dynamic hydrogen electrodes (DHEs) and a quasi‐reference electrode as probes is evaluated, with the latter chosen in view of stability. Liquid and solid‐phase potentials are recorded at varying applied current densities over multiple charge‐discharge cycles. Various zinc structures are found within specific overpotential ranges, with moss‐like structures appearing between 7.8 mV and 13.2 mV and the desired boulder structures in the range of 22 mV to 100 mV. Regardless of the current density, the highest liquid‐phase potentials are always measured in the outermost region of the porous foam near to the separator. In practice, this means that increasing the thickness of the copper foam over about 5 mm does not provide significant performance benefits. Conversely, solid‐phase potentials across the copper foam remain nearly uniform, resulting in negligible effects on local overpotential. The presented technique provides unique insights into the behavior of porous electrodes in electrochemical energy conversion technologies, facilitating the determination of the optimal properties for maximum efficiency, such as electrode thickness.

Improving Semiconductor Reliability of Silver Sintering Die-Attach Adhesives for Large Die on Copper Lead Frames

Emerging trends like 6G Telecom and Electric Vehicles (EVs) are driving advancements in semiconductor packaging, specifically in back-end assembly. These enabling technologies are focused on achieving higher functionality, improved connectivity at higher frequencies, smaller form factors, efficient heat dissipation, and reduced power consumption. The instrumental role of Wide-Band Gap semiconductors to enable high-frequency RF transmissions, and efficient power switching necessitates advancements in thermal dissipation and the ability to withstand higher thermo-mechanical stresses in next-generation power devices. Concurrently, the semiconductor industry has been seeking a lead (Pb) solder replacement with improved automotive reliability for over two decades. The lead-free alternatives need to be compatible with larger die sizes on metal lead frames and must align with the high productivity demands of semiconductor back-end processing. However, finding a suitable, drop-in leadfree solution that can address these challenges has proven to be highly challenging [1]. This paper describes the ongoing product development and comprehensive testing of a new hybrid silver sintering die-attach development with stress- absorbing additives specifically designed for large die on lead frame based applications following close collaboration between Henkel and CITC. This development work has been the result of the dire need to meet the industry’s evolving trends and requirements towards higher power and sustainable products.

Polymerized stimuli-responsive microgel hybrids of silver nanoparticles as efficient reusable catalyst for reduction reaction

We have showcased the potential of polymerized hydrogels (PGMs) with uniform-sized stimuli-responsive microgel particles as promising alternatives to prevent aggregation in solution based nanoparticle systems. In the current work, we implemented the PGM concept by embedding anionic stimuli-responsive microgels (PNIPAM-co-AAc)-silver (Ag) hybrids within a hydrogel matrix. These PGM@AgNP hybrid materials are used as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride. UV-VIS spectroscopy is used for studying catalytic activity. In the solution based system, the complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP took 30 minutes with pure Ag nanoparticles, 24 minutes with PNIPAM-Ag hybrid (Neutral) microgels and 15 minutes with PNIPAM-co-AAc-Ag (Anionic) hybrid microgels. In contrast PGM containing PNIPAM-co-AAc-Ag hybrids achieved full reduction in just 15 minutes, along with a 3-minute induction period. For pure Ag nanoparticles, the first-order rate constant is found to be 0.25 min−1, for PNIPAM-Ag hybrid (Neutral), it is 0.21 min−1 and for PNIPAM-co-AAc-Ag (Anionic), it is 0.5 min−1 where as for PGM containing anionic microgel hybrids it is found to be 0.8 min−1. Furthermore, the reusability of the PGM-Ag (anionic) materials for catalytic activity remains unaltered even after several washings. In summary, our study highlights the effectiveness of PGM@AgNP materials as efficient catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, indicating their versatile potential in various catalytic applications.

99mTc-AgNPs-ICG: nanoparticle for hybrid image

Introduction: Currently nanotechnology has radically changed the diagnosis of many human pathologies. The aim of this work is to obtain silver nanoparticles for hybrid imaging (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG) having potential clinical imaging applications. Materials and method: We mixed 2 ml of ascorbic acid (1.7x10-4 M), 5 mCi of 99mTcO4- , 2 ml of citric acid (8.0x10-4 M) and 0.5 ml of silver nitrate (2.5x10-3 M). Solution pH was 5, and it was shaken for 20 minutes at 37º C. Afterwards, 2 µL of Indocyanine Green (1.3x10-3 M) was added (99mTc-AgNPs-ICG). Physiochemical properties of the solution were characterized by UV (λ1 = 420 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) and gamma detector. Fluorescence image, particle size and IR spectrum were evaluated. Results: Silver nanoparticles were obtained in aqueous solution a pH of 5. Their pH, color and spectrum were stable for seven days. Furthermore, the principal peak characterized by HPLC, UV and Gamma detector had similar retention times. Its UV spectrum showed an absorption band of 420 nm, which corresponds to the plasmon absorption band of these nanoparticles. The particle size was 46 nm ± 1.5 nm. The IR spectrum showed absorption bands in 3193, 2624, 1596 y 1212 cm-1. Conclusions: We describe for the first time in literature the synthesis of hybrid (radioactive and fluorescent) silver nanoparticles. Their physiochemical properties were characterized, being stable and their labelling was reproducible having potential biomedical applications. Received for review: November 2023. Accepted for publication: February 2024. Correspondence: Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. Mataojo 2055, P.O. 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. Tel: (+5982) 5250901/108; fax: (+5982) 5250895. Contact e-mail: pabloc7@gmail.com This article was approved by the Editorial Committee.

A Generic Strategy to Create Mechanically Interlocked Nanocomposite/Hydrogel Hybrid Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics

HighlightsNanocomposite/hydrogel hybrid electrodes are created with high interfacial toughness by introducing soft microfoams as the mechanically interlocking layer. In the hybrid electrodes, silver nanowires and hydrogels are electrically connected through the porous microfoams, achieving high conductivity and low contact impedance for high-quality biopotential recordings. The microfoam-enabled bonding strategy is generally applicable to diverse polymer substrates.