PV-diesel Hybrid Research Articles

A wind PV diesel hybrid system for energizing a sewage station in Santa Rosa, in southern Brazil

Renewable energy hybrid systems generate electricity by multiple sources of energy and can be used in replacement of fossil fuels for many applications. Like most economic sectors, sanitation systems can benefit from the use of these renewable energy hybrid systems for the expansion of their activities. In this research topic, a renewable energy hybrid system is designed to supply energy to a pumping station in the city of Santa Rosa, RS, Brazil. For this aim, three cases are proposed and simulated in the software HOMER to obtain the optimal solution with the lower cost: a) wind-photovoltaic-diesel connected to the grid; b) wind-photovoltaic-diesel isolated; and c) wind-photovoltaic iso-lated. All three hybrid systems are viable and can supply energy for the pumping station, but their costs are still high. Govern-ment incentive programs, development of new technologies and penalties for the emission of pollutant gases can make these re-newable energy hybrid systems become even more competitive. A consumption of 1.5 kW for pumping of sewage, according to the results obtained, can be attended with three combinations: a grid-connected diesel photovoltaic system, an isolated diesel photovoltaic wind system and an isolated photovoltaic wind system. These systems would have a total net present cost of US$ 47,867, US$ 85,381 and US$ 118,753, respectively, with energy costs equal to US $ 0.291 per kWh, US $ 0.581 per kWh and US $ 0.721 per kWh respectively. The cheapest combination of these three includes a 7.5 kW wind turbine and a 1 kW diesel system.

A novel Software Tool for Sizing Off-Grid PV System and PV/Diesel Hybrid System

The design of graphical user interface programming is for sizing the components of a stand-alone PV system and PV-Diesel hybrid power system based on Iraq conditions. This software program presents as a guideline tool for photovoltaic system integrated depends on the input data by the user to give correct results according to the weather condition of solar radiation of Iraq, with less time and effort. A stand-alone solar system design model applied firstly, on a software program is to provide the load with energy 300Wh/day. Secondly, as an experimental application, to identify the appropriate factors that must be entered in the program from average solar irradiation and safety factor, by test the performance of the photovoltaic solar system, where the generation energy rate by the solar module was 381Wh and the consumption energy rate was 250.33Wh during the working period. The system will suffer from a lack of power generation if solar irradiation is not high enough or in case of weather conditions change.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Mini-grid in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Bangladesh

A techno-economic analysis of a hybrid PV-Diesel mini-grid system in rural Bangladesh is presented in this study. The case-study is done using data from Patar Char village in Patuakhali district of Bangladesh, considering non-electrified households. HOMER simulation compares three system designs: Hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery, PV-Battery, and Diesel-Battery. Hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery system yielded optimum results in terms of the lower cost of energy (COE) of around USD 0.182/kWh. Overall carbon emission of this system is around 307 kg/year, which is lower than the Diesel-Battery system, but higher than PV-Battery system. A sensitivity analysis of PV-Diesel-Battery system is performed, by considering and varying some of the indicators to prove system sustainability and feasibility. The impact of price variability in diesel price, discount rate on COE, and total net present cost (TNPC) showed that PV-Diesel-Battery system is the most feasible option. Finally, a SWOT analysis is also presented to address participatory planning strategy of developing the hybrid energy system.

Mathematical model on the integration of renewable energy in the mining industry

Purpose Priorities of decarbonizing the mining sector together with an availability of cost-effective technological solutions lead renewable energy (RE) to become an attractive energy source for the mining industry. Several pilot projects are run as hybrid systems, providing additional capacity to traditional energy systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model as a decision-making tool. The decision refers to a replacement of the fossil fuel system contains by the hybrid system in the sense of no return. Design/methodology/approach Four systems are considered. System one contains only a diesel plant. System two consists of a hybrid energy system with a photovoltaic (PV) part and a genset as back-up. System three includes a conventional natural gas combined cycle (CGCC) plant. Finally, system four covers a hybrid energy system with a PV part and CGCC turbine. The mathematical model is based upon the well-known concept of levelized cost of electricity. Findings The scenarios account for the degradation rate of PV modules, the PV yields of mines in different locations and the greenhouse gas emissions impact. The results show the break-even times of each scenario and the years of no return for the four systems in each scenario. Research limitations/implications The solution of the model is performed for two case-studies. Case study 1 compares the diesel and hybrid PV-diesel systems. Case study 2 compares the CGCC and hybrid PV-natural gas systems. Practical implications This model can be generalized to all mining settings, with specific practical implications for off-grid mines. Social implications The results of this paper bring a valuable contribution to carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Originality/value The paper aims to enhance the attention of decision-makers on fossil fuel and RE technologies increase the attractiveness of RE in powering mining operations.

Analysis of PV-Diesel Hybrid Microgrids for Small Canadian Arctic Communities

Most Canadian remote communities are supplied electricity partly or wholly generated by diesel generators, which results in high electricity costs mostly due to the cost of transporting fuel to the remote locations. A large portion of the financial budget from the government or local community is allocated to cover the cost of diesel electricity generation. Renewable energy integration can substantially reduce the cost of electricity generation and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in these remote communities. The annual solar photovoltaic (PV) potential for these northern arctic communities ranges from 850 to 1150 kWh/kWp; therefore, a significant portion of the community energy requirement can be supplied by the PV system. This article presents the impact of PV integration on the system's annual performance and project economic aspects of small remote northern microgrids for integrating varying penetration levels of centralized PV systems. The modeling of a typical PV-diesel hybrid system considering the electrical performance, emissions, and economics of various generation sizes and control strategies has been addressed. The methodology presented in this article can help quantify the PV energy integration limit (without any spill/curtailment) and economic feasibility of new PV system integration in current arctic microgrids.

Commercial-scale hybrid solar photovoltaic - diesel systems in select Arab countries with weak grids: An integrated appraisal

Solar photovoltaic (PV) diesel hybrid systems are effective solutions for sustainable energy transition in countries where utility grids are intermittent. An ‘integrated appraisal’ of 'hybrid solar (PV) - diesel' systems are carried out to assess their overall energetic, environmental, financial and economic performances. The study carries out the analysis of hybridized solar photovoltaic energy using first-hand data and information collected from the Palestinian, Lebanese and Iraqi commercial and/or industrial sectors, adopting several scenarios of tariff and diesel fuel prices, capital costs assumptions, solar PV curtailment, and values for environmental damage adopted from life-cycle impact assessment methods that allow for monetization and are globally valid. Results show that hybrid PV-diesel systems have largely beneficial energy, environmental and economic performances in all three countries, whereas their financial performance are also positive for Palestine and Lebanon, however less promising in Iraq, mainly due Iraq's heavily subsidized electricity tariff. The study concludes with policy recommendations focused on promoting solar PV in the commercial and/or industrial sectors, namely: the gradual phasing-out of fossil fuel subsidies, the effective execution of net-metering, the provision of subsidized sustainable energy loans, and carefully designed energy management systems.

Virtual synchronous generators for voltage synchronization of a hybrid PV-diesel power system

To ensure the synchronization process in a hybrid PV-Diesel generation system parallel topology, a phase-locked loop is generally used to estimate the angular frequency of the point of common coupling. However, the DG rotor inaccessibility imposes its operation mode as a master. This will therefore affect the system overall stability since the phase-locked loop is affected by oscillations, which are predicted by the power-angle curve concept interacting with the DG rotary inertia. In this context, this paper proposes a new control strategy based on virtual synchronous generators for a stand-alone PV-Diesel hybrid generation system to synchronize the output voltages without a phase-locked loop, while correcting the diesel generator rotor initial position and ensuring power sharing between the two sources, according to a desired power ratio. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, simulation and experiments are carried out. The achieved results clearly illustrated the feasibility and the improvement brought by the proposed virtual synchronous generators-based control strategy.

Integrating the PV-Diesel Hybrid System for Reliability Improvement in Distribution System

In Myanmar, as the main power generation is hydro power generation. the utility cannot supply sufficient power to customers during the dry season. Besides interruptions occur frequently due to aging system and lack of prospered protection. Therefore, reliability is an urgent issue in Myanmar. As a result of unbalance between generation and load, the distribution system is getting poor voltage profile, instability and high power losses in high load condition. According to network characteristics, the failure of a component always leads to consequence interruption in a radial distribution system. Therefore, it is a must consideration to mitigate these challenges to enhance the system reliability. There are many techniques to solve the reliability problems such as reclosers, switching devices (manual and automated switches), system reconfiguration, feeder re-conducting and integration of distributed generation (DG). In this paper, system reliability assessment is evaluated in detail with the integration of the distributed generation such as PV-Diesel Hybrid System. The location of DG is chosen according to the expected energy not supply (EENS) and the voltage drop in proposed system. Next, the optimal sizing of DG is chosen depends on the penetration level of generator. Reliability indices can be evaluated depending on the failure rate(λ), repair time(r) and annual outage time(U) in Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP) software. The case study of this thesis is carried out in 33/11 kV network which is connected Kyatminton Substation, Kyaukse, Middle Myanmar.

Software Design Tool for Sizing PV Stand-Alone System and Hybrid PV-Diesel System with Iraq Climate

This paper displays the improvement of Graphical User Interface programming for sizing principle segment in Stand-Alone PV system and PV- Diesel hybrid power system based on Iraq conditions. The solar system software is a tool depends on the input data by the user to give correct results on the basis of what has been introduced. Therefore, this software tool Includes products (PV modules, charge controller, inverter, battery and diesel generator) which can be obtained from the market with their detail. This software presents a guideline for photovoltaic system integrator to match the load requirement to design the effective size of components and system configuration, in hybrid PV–Diesel system. The ratio of photovoltaic solar energy to diesel generators is introduced by considering the contribution of hybrid system energy.

Simulating Hybrid Power Plants in Strategic Industrial Areas in Nigeria: Solar PV-Diesel Hybrid for Kano Free Trade Zone

The review the power situation of one of Kano Free Trade Zone, one of the Federal Government of Nigeria’s own Export Processing Zones and simulated a hybrid power plant for the Zone and nearby community. It is found that, the power requirements of the Zone are current provided for through an unreliable Grid and 1MW diesel generator, which is quite expensive and unsatisfactory for a manufacturing site. The paper gathered solar resources information of the site using Global Solar Atlas and use the HOMER Grid optimization feature to simulate the most appropriate capacity to provide the recorded load of the Zone. The simulation proposed four viable systems out of which two are considered and recommended for implementation at the Zone as they provide the opportunity for the Zone to provide itself with renewable power using Grid Tied Solar-PV/Diesel hybrid and even sell more power to the grid, nearby community and installations.

Solar PV-diesel hybrid systems for the Nigerian private sector: An impact assessment

This research examines the impact of Nigerian private sector investment in captive power generation from solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator (DG) hybrid energy systems. The study assesses the economic viability of solar PV-DG hybrid systems among Nigerian private companies using levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and analyzes policies that can facilitate solar PV investment as a bottom-up approach to Nigeria's energy development. Forty (40) private companies across Nigeria were surveyed to examine potential the fuel savings that hybrid of PV and DG can achieve. Out of the surveyed companies, three cases representing different load factors were selected and modelled in HOMER Pro to obtain LCOE for each case study. The research findings indicate that electricity generation deficiencies for Nigerian business consumers can be addressed with available renewable energy solar resources. A savings between € 0.002 and 0.009/kWh was achieved from the three-case study. Adequate policy to support investment is both necessary and possible for achieving increased solar PV adoption for highly willing Nigerian private sector.

Energy sustainability analysis based on SDGs for developing countries

ABSTRACTElectrical production for residential areas is one of the most important goals of SDGs (17 UN goal) and UN-Habitat III (14 goals) that can be achieved by renewable energy. Now, renewable energy is a significant issue that must be considered seriously as a policy and in order to achieve energy sustainability on a global scale especially in whole developing countries. Also, since the role of renewable energy in sustainable development is remarkable, thus this article presents a comprehensive discussion of energy sustainability for urban areas with related energy indicators and technical analysis of a Hybrid Power System to show the importance of renewable energy to gain energy sustainability. This paper presents the feasibility of using PV-DG hybrid systems as the reliable energy by an economic and technical analysis in one of the southern cities of Iran use of HOMER software. Regarding the high average of solar radiation that is about 5.4 kWh/m2/d in Chabahar city, technical analysis of this system demonstrates that this city has a high capacity to producing the electrical energy via PV-diesel hybrid system with total electrical production amount of 10,575 kWh/yr from PV (8,447 kWh/yr) and Diesel system (2,128 kWh/yr). For do this work at the first, the required data is gathered from the meteorological organization of Iran and then technical and economic analysis is conducted with the Homer software. This study regarding the high potential of solar energy of Chabahar city shows that to achieve development especially in the energy sustainability field needs to implementing proper actions such as enough investment on clean energy and using renewable energy for electrical production.

Development and Test of Solutions to Enlarge the Power of PV Irrigation and Application to a 140 kW PV-Diesel Representative Case

The current state of the art of photovoltaic (PV) irrigation systems is limited to PV peak powers below 40 kWp, which does not cover the irrigation needs of farmers, co-operatives, irrigator communities, and agro-industries. This limitation of power is due to two main technical barriers: The quick intermittence of PV power due to the passing of clouds, and the maladjustment between PV production and water needs. This paper presents new solutions that have been developed to overcome these barriers and their application to the design and performance of a 140 kWp hybrid PV-diesel system for the drip irrigation of 195 ha of olive trees in Alter do Chão, Portugal. The performance of the solutions was analysed during two years of real operation. As the performance of the PV system is not only affected by intrinsic-to-design characteristics, but also by circumstances external to the system, new performance indices were developed. As an example, the percentage of use of PV electricity, PVSH, was 78% and 82% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and the performance ratio of the PV part, PRPV, was 0.79 and 0.80. The economic feasibility was also analysed based on experimental data, resulting in savings in the levelized cost of electricity of 61%.

Performance investigation of a hybrid PV-diesel power system for remote areas

Algeria is in a region with an enormous potential of solar energy for power generation. However, photovoltaic (PV) power plants have not yet been developed sufficiently in the country, and its applications such as PV pumping, solar distillation, and solar heating. The main problem is the high maintenance, operating costs, fossil-fuel transportation, and CO2 emission of Bordj Badji Mokhtar's (BBM's) diesel power plant that exhibits a noteworthy issue in south Algeria. This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study for PV/diesel hybrid energy system (HES) considering the load demand profile and the solar radiation in isolated area of south Algeria. Suggested hybridization based on a renewable energy with a view to an improved environment is promising. Study results show the performance of PV/diesel system based on solar radiation. The experiment load curve in this typical area may conduct the diesel generator to operate at 60% to 70% of its nominal power with less fuel consumption, and it has been verified during this study that the implementation of a PV/diesel hybrid system is efficient for higher load and higher solar radiation. Results and discussions are encouraging considering less emission of greenhouse gases and less storage of fuel, which drives the government to draw a political arrangement for the improvement of cleaner forms of electricity generation.

Techno-economic study of the impact of blackouts on the viability of connecting an off-grid PV-diesel hybrid system in Tanzania to the national power grid

National electrification plans for many countries with a low level of electrification promote the implementation of centralized and decentralized electrification in parallel. This paper explores different ways of utilizing an established off-grid PV-diesel hybrid system when the national grid becomes available. This is a rather unique starting point within the otherwise well-explored area of rural electrification. With particular focus on the impact of blackouts in the national grid, we evaluate the economic viability of some alternatives: to continue to use the off-grid micro-grid, to connect the existing micro-grid with or without battery backup to the national grid, or to use the national grid only. Our simulation results in HOMER demonstrate that with a grid without blackouts, there are few benefits to maintain the existing system. Low grid-connection fees, low tariffs and low revenues from selling excess electricity to the grid contribute to this result despite the fact that the system does not carry any investment costs. With a grid with blackouts, it is beneficial to maintain the system. The extent of blackouts and the load on the system determine which system configuration is most feasible. The results make clear the importance of taking blackouts in the national grid into consideration when possible system configurations are being evaluated. This is rarely quantified in studies comparing different electrification alternatives, but deserves more attention.

Techno Economical Study of PV-Diesel Power System for a Remote Island in Indonesia : A Case Study of Miangas Island

The purpose of this study is to conduct the techno economical study of PC-Diesel power system based on renewable energy available locally in a remote island. This research is a case study for Miangas island which is the border island between Indonesia and Philipines. It is located in Talaud Island regency of North Sulawesi province of Indonesia. The monthly average daily radiation in Miangas island is 5.52 kWh/m2.The research methods used are data collection and data analysis using software HOMER. Based on the simulation result, the techno economic study of PV-Diesel power plant system based on energy demand in Miangas island can be obtained. The Cost of Energy (COE), Net Present Cost (NPC) and operating cost for proposed hybrid PV-Diesel power generation can be assessed for the design power systems uses Canadian solar Max Power C56x-325P of 150 KW PV, 18 string of Surette 6CS25P, Diesel Generator 50 kW and converter Magnum MS4448PAE 25 kW. The annual electricity production from the PV Diesel system for Miangas island is 309.589 kWh in which 80.7% electricity comes from PV, 19.3% electricity comes from diesel with the 109.063 kWh excess electricity. The cost of generating electrical energy in the term of cost of energy (COE), Net Present Cost (NPC) and operating cost are 0.318 US$/kWh, 719.673 US$ and 36.857 US$ respectively.

Hybrid Control of Microgrid with PV, Diesel Generator and BESS

The PV diesel hybrid controller benefits in higher reliability of operation, less pollution, reduction in operating cost, and enhanced system life. In this paper, the authors have proposed a robust hybrid controller to manage the power sharing among PV generator, Diesel generator and energy storage unit in a migrogrid network. With the higher penetration of renewable energy sources into the system, the need for robust hybrid controller to tackle highly intermittent nature of available power. The proposed hybrid control scheme facilitates optimum power sharing between the sources based on the dynamics of photo voltaic energy available at any given time. The changes in generation are mainly due to the intermittent nature of PV source and level of stored energy in battery. The hybrid power flow control has been realized by controlling the active power generated by the PV inverter and diesel generator as a function of the system frequency in the islanded mode of microgrid operation. A stand-alone controller has been developed to demonstrate the power flow control to envisage the saving in fuel consumption as well as highly reliable operation.

KPI for Solar PV-diesel Hybrid Mini Grids in Remote Islands of Bangladesh

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)-Diesel based hybrid mini grids are getting popular in Bangladesh in order to electrify remote rural areas i.e. islands. Grid quality electricity is provided to the poor people through these mini grids. Due to the high initial investment and associated risks, financial viability of the mini grids depends largely on the performance of the plant. Hence, a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) model is proposed for a mini grid to identify the overall performance of the plant. A mini grid project at Paratoli, Narsingdi, Bangladesh has been taken as a case study to validate the KPI model. Analysis from the data based on the KPI has also been done.

Photovoltaic-Diesel Hybrid System How to Adapt to Real Site Conditions?

<p>Integrating the diesel generator with photovoltaic arrays, so called PV-Diesel Hybrid System, have several advantages such as reducing daily operation hour of diesel generator while servicing to the clients increase and the diesel engine is always running on its best efficiencies. However it is required the best system design that complies with the real site conditions which is very different from site to site. The differences are not only the incoming solar radiation but also, the availability of open land for locating the arrays, the conditions of existing diesel engine, and load profile. <br />The goal of the PV-diesel hybrid system is reducing the diesel operation hours but delivering the electricity for 24 hours to the customers. Enough information of site conditions will guide to proper design of PV-diesel hybrid system. The paper will elaborate the design of PV-diesel hybrid system and how to apply for certain site condition with the existing diesel generator.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Photovoltaic, Diesel, Hybrid System </p>

Electricity crisis and energy efficiency to poultry production in Pakistan

Intensive poultry production is heavily reliant on electricity for maintaining shed environments as well as in the supply of feed, lighting, the shed environment and water. During the last three decades, the demand and supply gap for electricity has plagued Pakistan. The energy crisis became even worse from 2006–07, with 18 hours rotational load shedding being implemented. During the last decade, there has been a major increase in environmentally controlled poultry farms in Pakistan which require continuous electricity supply to operate their automatic feeding, drinking and environmental control systems. Broiler farmers have opted for diesel generators to meet their electricity needs, which has subsequently increased total cost of production. Therefore, sustainable and economical energy solutions are required for Pakistani broiler farmers to be competitive in local and international markets. In this paper, the potential for solar energy is analysed, the poultry industry's energy needs are quantified and the use of PV-diesel hybrid power systems in environmentally controlled broiler houses is examined.