Hybrid Power Source System Research Articles

Hybrid Power Source Assisted by Renewable Energies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The article studies and analyzes a hybrid power source system, lithium battery, and fuel cell assisted by flexible photovoltaic panels for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The new configuration operates based on optimizing the performance of the dual power source to maximize the available energy and operating time. The operational mode simulates specific driving conditions in urban, peripheral, and intercity routes under variable driving patterns and traffic conditions. The simulation results show that the new configuration increases the hybrid electric vehicle performance, providing higher reliability despite the more complex design. The proposed system reduces the external power supply dependence and avoids unexpected sudden stops due to energy exhaustion. The new configuration also extends the vehicle driving range depending on driving mode and route conditions. The vehicle driving range extension may reach up to 276.3 km. The hybridization of fuel cells with lithium battery and PV panel assistance enhances battery management, reducing battery servicing and increasing lifespan. The proposed topology is cheaper than a single fuel cell power system by 17.2%, reducing the total cost related to the single battery power system if we consider the battery recharge for its entire lifespan. The cost saving is 2.6% for the American market and 14.8% for the European one.

A review on hybrid source energy management strategies for electric vehicle

Electric and hybrid electric vehicle technology demonstrates a performance to replace the internal combustion engines (ICE) in the current scenario. It attracts attention with improved fuel or energy efficiency with lower emissions. The overall system performance depends on powertrains, types of energy sources, electro-electronic interfaces, and energy management strategies (EMS). Significant issues of battery-powered electric vehicles (EV) are effects on the range, battery life, EV performance, battery maintenance, and replacement cost. Hybrid power source system (HPSS) solves EV challenges to a large extent. A hybrid combination of battery and supercapacitor (SC) to power the EV enhances the overall performance and life of the vehicle. Learning and integrated-based EMSs are gaining attention, with their ability in accurate and fast response in power handling among various sources. This paper analyses various DC-DC converter topologies of HPSS and compares multiple EMS with recent developments. In the context of challenges involved in EVs and research gaps that are discussed in the paper, EMSs need to be enhanced. The EMSs must consider the inputs for varying driving behaviors, road traffic, load, and environmental conditions to assure the flexibility of EV among different users across the globe. This is achieved by the management of SC power available to support the vehicle during sudden power requirements and enabling it to recuperate braking energy to improve the energy efficiency throughout the trip. Lastly, recommending precise research directions to achieve the development and improvement of the EMS and power electronic interfaces.

Power management strategy based sugeno fuzzy logic rules in an electric wheelchair

Power management in multi-power supply electrical systems to manage the general system behavior is essential to improve autonomy and efficiency. In this paper, a proposed fuzzy-logic power management-based sugeno rule is applied in a hybrid PV/battery electric wheelchair to ameliorate the battery life cycle and the overall autonomy. Besides, the increment conductance INC MPPT is used to maximize PVpower. The electric wheelchair's general topology comprises photovoltaic energy resources as the main source and the battery energy storage system device as the auxiliary source. This hybrid power source system supplied the electric wheelchair composed two permanent magnet DC motors controlled by a PI controller. MATLAB/Simulink program is used to implement the overall control scheme. The simulation results that were obtained and the detailed study demonstrate the feasibility and performance of this intelligent strategy.

Comparative study of energy management strategies for hybrid proton exchange membrane fuel cell four wheel drive electric vehicle

Nowadays, many researchers have found that the output performance of a hybrid power system is an important reason to determine fuel cell life. Therefore, the energy management strategy for a hybrid power system is the solution to guarantee the normal operation of the system. In this paper, a comparative study of the most commonly used energy management techniques in fuel-cell vehicle applications in a proposed hybrid four-wheel-drive electric vehicle, these schemes include the following: the classical PI, Fuzzy-logic, State machine and frequency decoupling schemes, to ameliorate the dynamic behaviour of the electric vehicle during transients such as the dynamic response and the electric vehicle stability, and to select the best between those techniques based on many criteria which are the hydrogen consumption, the overall efficiency, the state of charge and the stability of DC bus voltage. The general topology of the electric vehicle is composed with three distributed energy resources, the proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell as the main source and a hybrid energy storage system includes batteries and supercapacitor devices as the auxiliary source, this hybrid power sources system driven the four-wheel-drive electric vehicle composed by four induction motors controlled by a direct torque control with space vector modulation.

A fractional-order model-based state estimation approach for lithium-ion battery and ultra-capacitor hybrid power source system considering load trajectory

In recent years, hybrid energy storage systems have been widely used in electric vehicle and smart grid applications. Real-time and robust modeling and state estimation are essential to the reliable and safe operation of the hybrid energy storage system. Although there exists a considerable mass of research on the modeling and state estimation of the lithium-ion batteries, a survey focusing on the remaining discharge time prognostic for the hybrid power source system has not been conducted. To fill this gap, this paper handles the problem of fractional-order modeling and the remaining discharge time prognostic of the lithium-ion battery and ultra-capacitor hybrid energy storage system. First, the fractional-order models for the lithium-ion batteries and ultra-capacitors are presented, where the particle swarm optimization Algorithm with the Chaos theory is employed for parameter identification in the time domain. Second, a Markov load trajectory prediction is proposed for enhancing the reliability and robustness of the remaining discharge time prognostic. Third, the prognostic framework of the hybrid energy storage system is presented based on the Bayesian method. The results with urban dynamometer driving schedule are analyzed and discussed, which indicate that the proposed method has high accuracy and robustness.

Development of energy management system based on a rule-based power distribution strategy for hybrid power sources

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has become a good candidate for the power source of future green transportations due to its excellent performance of high efficiency and cleanness. To overcome the slow dynamic characteristic, the fuel cells are always grouped with other energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The development of energy management system and design of the power distribution strategy are critical issues for the hybrid power source system. In previous work, few studies have comprehensively considered the criteria of power capabilities of the batteries and supercapacitors which are intimately correlated with the power requirements of accelerating, gradient climbing and regenerative braking. The development of power distribution strategy considering the constraints of the power capability is urgent and critical to the safety and longevity of the hybrid energy storage system. In this paper, a distributed energy management system is developed for the hybrid power source system based on a rule-based power distribution strategy. The presented power distribution strategy has comprehensively considered the criterias of the demand power, the remaining capacity and power capability of the hybrid power source system. Moreover, the Bayes Monte Carlo approach is employed for co-estimation of the remaining capacity and power capability of the batteries and supercapacitors. Compared with the existing rule-based strategy without considering the restrictions of the power capability, the presented strategy has better rationality in terms of fuel economy and dynamic property. The presented energy management strategy can extend the lifespan and improve the economy of the hybrid energy storage system by employing the charge and discharge limits of power capability and residual capacity.

A Comparative Study of Power Distribution Strategies for Fuel Cell and Supercapacitor Hybrid Power Source System

The power management especially the power distribution strategy of the multi-sources energy system is an important issue. This paper presents a comparative study of power distribution strategies for the fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid power source system. Two types of power distribution strategies have been put forward and compared systematically. The experiment and simulation results indicate that the fuel economy of different power distribution strategies depends on their driving schedule. However, the presented rule-based power distribution strategy has the potential to reduce energy shocks of the fuel cells and can prolong the lifespan of the fuel cells, which is more suitable for the fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid power source system.

Performances analysis of WT-DFIG with PV and fuel cell hybrid power sources system associated with hydrogen storage hybrid energy system

This paper highlights the modeling and the simulation of a micro-grid renewable power system. It comprises wind turbine (WT) doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), photovoltaic generator (PV), a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) generator, a water electrolyzer used for long-term storage, a Hydrogen tank, and a battery bank (BB) utilized for short-term storage. Based on the given configuration and the different characteristics of the main components in the micro-grid, an overall control and a power management strategy are proposed for this system. This strategy consists in charging the BBs and producing hydrogen from the water electrolyzer in the case of excess power from the WT-DFIGs and PV generators. Therefore, the FC and the BBs will be used as a backup generator to supply the demand required power, when the WT-DFIGs and the PV energy are deficient. The effectiveness of this contribution is verified through computer simulations, where very satisfactory results are obtained.

Advanced DC-link voltage regulation of fuel-cell electric vehicle

Purpose This paper investigates the DC-Link voltage regulation of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) with hybrid power source (HPS). The HPS consists of fuel cell (FC) as the main source and ultracapacitor (UC) as the auxiliary source in order to compensate for the slow dynamics of FC in transient conditions. The system is a multiconverter structure which is comprised of a boost DC/DC converter and a buck-boost converter connecting FC and UC to DC-link respectively. Design/methodology/approach The FCEV is modeled dynamically, considering the nonlinear behavior of HPS and multiconverter system. This paper presents an advanced control approach based on the control Lyapunov function (CLF) to regulate the DC-link voltage and impeccable tracking of UC current to its references. The stability analysis of closed loop system is also insured. Findings The performance of proposed controller is illustrated via Simulink® using numerical simulations under European Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC). The simulation results show that the presented method is both satisfactory and consistent with expectation. Originality/value The proposed control method is state of the art in FCEV and improves the energy management system.

Integrating Hybrid Power Source Into an Islanded MV Microgrid Using CHB Multilevel Inverter Under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Load Conditions

This paper presents a control strategy for an islanded medium voltage microgrid to coordinate hybrid power source (HPS) units and to control interfaced multilevel inverters under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions. The proposed HPS systems are connected to the loads through a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter. The CHB multilevel inverters increase the output voltage level and enhance power quality. The HPS employs fuel cell (FC) and photovoltaic sources as the main and supercapacitors as the complementary power sources. Fast transient response, high performance, high power density, and low FC fuel consumption are the main advantages of the proposed HPS system. The proposed control strategy consists of a power management unit for the HPS system and a voltage controller for the CHB multilevel inverter. Each distributed generation unit employs a multiproportional resonant controller to regulate the buses voltages even when the loads are unbalanced and/or nonlinear. Digital time-domain simulation studies are carried out in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment to verify the performance of the overall proposed control system.

A new control strategy for hybrid fuel cell-battery power systems with improved efficiency

In this paper, a new hybrid fuel cell-battery power system with a single DC–DC boost converter is proposed to supply a simple, low cost, and highly stable load-sharing characteristic, which the fuel cell is acted as a main power source and the battery as an energy balancer except for supplying the fuel cell stack's auxiliary power and modulating the excessive or insufficient power for the load. The proposed control strategy for hybrid power sources system shows that with a decrease in battery size the hybrid fuel cell-battery will reduce the duration of power-sharing from batteries-dominated to fuel cells-dominated. As a result, not only the efficiency of fuel cell (FC) can be dramatically increased in partial load conditions, but also full recharging of battery in the proposed hybrid power system is more efficient when the load is less on-demand with a better overall efficiency. Finally, some experimental results are presented for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid FC-battery power system.

A Multiobjective Optimal Design of a Hybrid Power Source System for a Railway Vehicle

In this paper, we study an optimal design for a hybrid power source railway vehicle as an alternative to diesel railway vehicles. The hybrid power source railway vehicle is assumed to be composed of the fuel cell and the electric double layer capacitor. We apply the multiobjective optimization based on the genetic algorithm for the vehicle design, aiming at reduction of both initial cost and energy consumption. The pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the multiobjective optimization.First we develop a simulation model of the hybrid power source railway vehicle and its electric power control methods. Next we derive the pareto optimal solutions as a result of the multiobjective optimization. Finally, we categorize the pareto optimal solutions to some groups, which enables us to elucidate characteristics of the pareto optimal solutions. Consequently, using the multiobjective optimization approach we effectively comprehend the problem characteristics and can obtain the plural valuable solutions.