Hybrid Power Plant Research Articles

Cost-inclusive heuristic power management of hybrid power generation plant with ANN-regulated biogas plant

To mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are being promoted for power generation. Biomass, a renewable energy source, is also being promoted to reduce the negative impact of organic waste generated in societies and industries. Waste biomass is used to produce biogas fuel in a biogas plant via an anaerobic digestion process, which is typically used to generate electricity as well as fuel for cooking and vehicles. However, the high local electrical load in biogas plants reduces profit for plant owner. Biogas-based power generation is hybridised with Photovoltaics (PV) and Battery energy storage systems (BESS), to meet power demand, to increase profit and power generation capacity while reducing the burden of local electrical load on biogas plants. A Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack has been used for power generation from the hydrogen produced from the biogas obtained from the anaerobic digestion process. A cost-inclusive heuristic power management system has been designed for power management in hybrid power generation, considering the availability of sources and their dynamic tariffs. An artificial neural network (ANN) has also been designed to determine the digester operating temperature according to methane yield requirements. The designed system has been investigated for hydrogen consumption, carbon emission, power generation cost, operating cost, power factor, frequency, distortion, efficiency, and voltage regulation. The proposed system effectively meets the load demand at a lesser cost in different scenarios. Cost saving of 28.42%, carbon emission reduction by 96% and 4.53% Total harmonic distortion (THD) at a power factor of 0.99 has been observed. The complete proposed hybrid power plant is ideal for implementation in societies and industries.

The Simulation of Frequency Stability Settings of PV-Diesel Electric Hybrid Power Plant

In power generation, several problems, such as high gain settings in the automatic voltage regulator and many transmission networks, can increase low-frequency oscillations in the line. This study aims to determine the stability adjustment of Hybrid PV - Diesel Generating Load Frequency. In this study, simulation was done by using the Simulink Matlab program. The control design is applied by finding the optimum proportional-integral (PI) to set the program’s load frequency. The transfer function from the photovoltaic and diesel diagrams was changed to a matrix and applied in the M-File to get the control value by tuning the damping ratio. The real part of the simulation was obtained to get the optimal overshoot and rise time. The lowest fundamental element, the faster the system responds. Regulations and monitoring systems are carried out to maintain power quality and maintain the stability of frequency fluctuations caused by arbitrary power at generation and on the load side. It also supports the stability of power flow fluctuations in the power line tie-line due to frequency fluctuations from the system interconnection hybrid.

Analysis of Power Generation and Distribution of Hybrid Energy for Electricity Loads in Batakan Village

The need for electrical energy continues to increase over time. However, in Indonesia power plants are still dominated by fossil fuel power plants, and there are still many areas without access to electricity. The use of renewable energy is needed to replace fossil fuels considering that fossil fuels can run out one day. The coastal area of Batakan Village in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province, was chosen as the focus location for conducting hybrid power plant simulations because this village is located in a coastal area where wind and solar energy sources are abundant. Batakan Village is approximately 40 km from Pelaihari City. Medium-voltage network transmission system (JTM) is supplied from Pelaihari City, and it is almost certain that this village experiences large power losses over long distance. This power loss will be detrimental if an effort is not made to reduce it. The purpose of this research is first to determine the optimal hybrid power plant configuration design to reduce power loss in the electricity system in Batakan Village. Second, it will analyze the power loss of the hybrid power plant system in Batakan Village, and finally, this research is going to analyze the investment feasibility of the hybrid power plant system in Batakan Village. In this study, the design of renewable energy plants, such as solar power plants (PLTS) with a total capacity of 406.1 kW and wind power plants (PLTB) with a total capacity of 125 kW, and the electricity network (grid system) are used together in a hybrid power generation system. The ETAP software was used to analyze the power losses of the hybrid power generation system, while the HOMER software was used to determine the net present value (NPV) and cost of energy (COE) of the hybrid power generation system. The results show that the configuration of the solar, wind, and grid systems is the most optimal. It is obtained from the results of ETAP simulations that have been carried out during average load and peak load conditions that by including the Solar Power Plant and Wind Power Plant power losses in the electricity system in Batakan Village can be reduced from the previous one using the system configuration only connected to the PLN power grid (grid system only). The total power losses incurred was 269.1 kW of active power and 1613.5 kvar of reactive power at average load reduced to 266.9 kW of active power and 1568.9 kvar of reactive power. At peak load the total power losses were 423.4 kW of active power and 2573.0 kvar of reactive power and they deceased to 41.,5 kW of active power and 2510.5 kvar of reactive power. In terms of investment, the COE value decreased by IDR 111, and the NPC decreased by IDR 6,600,000,000 at the average load. At the peak load COE decreased by IDR 88, while NPC by IDR 7,000,000,000. The return of investment (ROI) value is 13.2%, which indicates that the investment is still in the profitable stage.

MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESSES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR-GENERATOR OF A CAR WITH A HYBRID POWER PLANT

The authors of the article describe and analyze the processes of functioning of a synchronous electric motor-generator (EDG). A review of mathematical descriptions of synchronous EDG is presented. A simplified mathematical description is proposed that makes it possible to simulate the process of functioning of the hybrid propulsion system (GSU) in typical modes of movement of wheeled vehicles (CTS). The functional dependences of the current, power and torque on the rotor speed of the synchronous EDG of the Toyota Prius car are presented.
 The goal is to develop a simplified mathematical description of a synchronous electric motor–generator of a car with a hybrid power plant.
 The method or methodology of the work is a numerical method based on the finite – difference scheme of the Park method, using a special numerical-iterative method of composing equations of motion.
 Results – a simplified mathematical description has been developed, which allows to determine the functional dependencies necessary for the analysis of the functioning of the CCC with GSU.
 The scope of the results. It is advisable to apply the results obtained when modeling the processes of functioning of a synchronous electric motor-generator of a hybrid power plant of wheeled vehicles.

Hierarchical market-based optimal planning of transmission network and wind-storage hybrid power plant

Coupling renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind farms with energy storage systems (ESSs) to form a hybrid power plant (HPP) has gained increasing attention. However, its investment profitability is closely associated with its capacity configuration, site location, grid network, and market-clearing outcomes. To study the HPP’s planning strategy and its interaction with the transmission system operator (TSO), this paper proposes a tri-level coordinated planning scheme for transmission networks and a profit-driven wind-storage hybrid power plant (WSHPP) in the electricity market. The upper level is the transmission network expansion problem managed by the TSO, which responds to the investment decision of the WSHPP. The middle level determines the optimal capacity and site location of the WSHPP to maximize net benefits given transmission expansion schemes and prices from the third level. In the third level, the independent system operator (ISO) solves a scenario-based economic dispatch problem to provide locational marginal prices with fixed upper-level and middle-level decisions. The proposed tri-level hierarchical optimization model is computationally intractable because of its multi-level structure and binary/integer variables at the upper/middle level. A value-function reformulation and sample-based algorithm is implemented to solve the tri-level planning model and the convergence is proved. Numerical experiments on two typical test systems show the effectiveness of the proposed planning scheme and the tractability of the solution algorithm.

Impact Study of Fuel Type and Composition on the Performance of Hybrid Power Plants with Fuel Cells

The effect of various fuel compositions and origins on the characteristics and efficiency of hybrid systems — solid oxide fuel cells-gas turbines (SOFC-GT) was studied. The published and calculated data of modeling the effect of various types of fuel on the efficiency and flow control parameters in the proposed SOFC-GT hybrid power plant were presented. It was confirmed that fuel variations at the input and its impact on the cycle efficiency when designing SOFC-GT hybrid plants are to be taken into account. The relevance of hybrid electrochemical-mechanical systems for processing and recycling gas and hydrocarbon emissions was shown for the manufacturing and energy plants – thermal power station – petrochemical unit.

Interactions between hybrid power plant development and local transmission in congested regions

Interactions between hybrid power plant development and local transmission in congested regions

Dynamic simulation and parameter analysis of solar-coal hybrid power plant based on the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle

Dynamic simulation and parameter analysis of solar-coal hybrid power plant based on the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle

Assessing Economic Complementarity in Wind–Solar Hybrid Power Plants Connected to the Brazilian Grid

The share of electricity generation from Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) has increased over the last 20 years. Despite promoting the decarbonization of the energy mix, these sources bring negative characteristics to the energy mix, such as power ramps, load mismatch, unpredictability, and fluctuation. One of the ways to mitigate these characteristics is the hybridization of power plants. This paper evaluates the benefits of hybridizing a plant using an AI-based methodology for optimizing the wind–solar ratio based on the Brazilian regulatory system. For this study, the hybrid plant was modeled using data collected over a period of 10 months. The measurements were obtained using two wind profilers (LIDAR and SODAR) and a sun tracker (Solys 2) as part of the EOSOLAR R&D project conducted in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. After the power plant modeling, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to determine the optimal wind–solar ratio, considering costs with transmission systems. The algorithm achieved a monthly profit increase of more than 39% with an energy curtailment inferior to 1%, which indicates economic complementarity. Later, the same methodology was also applied to verify the wind–solar ratio’s sensitivity to solar energy pricing. The results show that a price increase of 15% would change the power plant’s optimal configuration.

Optimization and Short-Circuit Analysis of Photovoltaic Penetration in Off-grid System – A Case Study in Newmont Suriname Gold Mine

Mining companies are highly dependent on fossil fuels to meet their electricity needs and mining activities such as the use of heavy equipment. Therefore, the greenhouse gas emissions due to burning of fossil fuels have become a major issue related to the impact on the environment due to mining activities. Renewable energy such as Photovoltaic (PV) can be an alternative solution to overcome this problem. This study aims to examine the optimal penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) at Processing Plant Newmont Suriname gold mine. HOMER software is used to design the most optimal Photovoltaic (PV) penetration. ETAP software is used for technical validation through load flow and short-circuit analysis
 Keywords: Hybrid Power Plant, HOMER, ETAP, NPC, COE, Short-circuit

Life cycle analyses of SOFC/gas turbine hybrid power plants accounting for long-term degradation effects

In this study, cradle-to-product life cycle analyses were conducted for a variety of natural-gas-based and coal-based SOFC power plant conceptual designs, while also accounting for long-term SOFC degradation. For each type of plant, four base case designs were considered: a standalone SOFC plant, a standalone SOFC plant with a steam cycle, an SOFC/GT hybrid plant, and an SOFC/GT hybrid plant with a steam cycle. The boundary of each base case was subsequently expanded to include either wet cooling or dry cooling options and DC to AC conversion, and was subjected to additional cradle-to-product life cycle analyses. The environmental impact results were computed using ReCiPe 2016 (H) and TRACI 2.1 V1.05 in SimaPro. The main factors affecting the midpoint impacts between cases were the plant efficiency and total SOFC manufacturing required over the plant's lifetime, which were both strongly connected to long-term degradation effects. The findings also showed that the standalone SOFC plant with a steam cycle (which featured higher plant efficiency) had lower midpoint impacts with respect to global warming potential and fossil resource scarcity, which were largely the product of plant operation. The case with the longer SOFC stack lifetime (e.g., a SOFC/GT hybrid power plant with a steam cycle) had lower midpoint impacts with respect to fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and mineral resource scarcity due to the large proportion of midpoint contributed by SOFC manufacturing. Ultimately, the SOFC/GT hybrid plant with a steam cycle was found to be the best option, as it had the lowest ReCiPe endpoint impact (4.5%–42% lower than the other cases)among both the natural gas-based and coal-based cases.

Investigation of hybrid power plant configurations for an offshore vessel with co-simulation approach

This work presents a full-system simulator consisting of a generic power system integrated with a vessel model and real-time capabilities. The whole system simulation facilitates evaluating the overall system performance by considering components’ interactions according to the maneuvering and environmental effects. Indeed, flexibility in the configuration and size of the power system enables the investigation of different concepts according to various maneuvering scenarios. Co-simulation approach is employed to integrate the models with various domains effectively. In addition, the bond graph modeling strategy as a power based method is used. The developed power system contains a diesel genset, a PEMFC, a battery with average electrical components, and a power management system. The configuration of the power system and size of power sources are modifiable. Various hybrid configurations and power capacities can be designed with validated power sources against marine vendors. In addition, the integrated offshore supply vessel with Dynamic Positioning (DP) and cruise controller and sea state forces induces the corresponding load demand of the operation to the power system. In summary, different operation scenarios with sea states, the thrusters’ states and allocation algorithm, DC link voltage, power electrical converters controller, and fuel consummations are captured in one model framework. To demonstrate the application of the model and emphasis the importance of total system simulation, three power system configurations are designed and simulated with two operational modes of DP and cruise with various sea states.

Compost Waste Heat to Power Organic Rankine Cycle Design and Analysis

Abstract This paper presents a feasibility study of a hybrid compost waste heat to power/Concentrating Solar Panel (CSP) green energy Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The power plant is baselined to operate with a duty of 24/7 on compost waste heat and utilize solar thermal energy to boost power output during the day. This paper discusses the design of the power plant, the design of a compost driven heat exchanger/boiler, compost pile thermal analysis, CSP analysis, and simulated power plant output analysis The selection of isobutane as ORC working fluid is justified herein. A Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis was performed to ensure that the energy produced by this hybrid power plant would come at a reasonable and competitive cost. The results herein show that the hybrid power plant affords an LCOE of 4 ¢/kWh for compost operation alone and an LCOE of 10.7 ¢/kWh for compost and CSP solar energy operation. The hybrid compost/ORC power plant presented herein affords an average energy conversion efficiency of 4.3%. Centric to the operation of the compost waste heat to power plant presented herein is the correct design and selection of the heat exchanger which interfaces the compost waste heat stream to the isobutane ORC. The design and analysis of this heat exchanger as well as commercially off-the-shelf hardware to meet the specifications is given in detail herein

Profitability of hybrid power plants in European markets

As markets continue to evolve, hybrid power plants (HPPs) are attracting the interest of plant operators and industry players alike. With their ability to provide flexible dispatchability, HPPs are poised to become a competitive solution in future energy markets, particularly in grid ancillary markets (such as frequency control, reactive power control and black-start). Moreover, resource complementarities present in some sites have the potential to significantly improve production predictability of collocated HPPs. To assess the profitability of HPPs in European markets, a hybrid sizing algorithm is applied to three locations across Europe with distinct resource distribution characteristics. The sizing tool implemented includes several novel features that are not typically incorporated into existing sizing software currently available on the market. This includes turbine selection, a simplified physical design of the wind power plant, a surrogate wake model, and a simplified solar panel degradation model. NPV-over-CAPEX optimal plant designs, tend to favor hybridization, by either collocating wind and solar power with storage, or only solar power with storage. On the hand, minimizing the levelized cost of energy generally results in single-technology power plants. The results show significant potential for hybrid power plants in European markets. However, to truly demonstrate their economic competitiveness, the focus should shift from LCOE to other optimization metrics that consider revenue from different electricity markets.

Improving Ecological Efficiency of Gas Turbine Power System by Combusting Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixtures

Currently, the issue of creating decarbonized energy systems in various spheres of life is acute. Therefore, for gas turbine power systems including hybrid power plants with fuel cells, it is relevant to transfer the existing engines to pure hydrogen or mixtures of hydrogen with natural gas. However, significant problems arise associated with the possibility of the appearance of flashback zones and acoustic instability of combustion, an increase in the temperature of the walls of the flame tubes, and an increase in the emission of nitrogen oxides, in some cases. This work is devoted to improving the efficiency of gas turbine power systems by combusting pure hydrogen and mixtures of natural gas with hydrogen. The organization of working processes in the premixed combustion chamber and the combustion chamber with a sequential injection of ecological and energy steam for the “Aquarius” type power plant is considered. The conducted studies of the basic aerodynamic and energy parameters of a gas turbine combustor working on hydrogen-containing gases are based on solving the equations of conservation and transfer in a multicomponent reacting system. A four-stage chemical scheme for the burning of a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen was used, which allows for the rational parameters of environmentally friendly fuel burning devices to be calculated. The premixed combustion chamber can only be recommended for operations on mixtures of natural gas with hydrogen, with a hydrogen content not exceeding 20% (by volume). An increase in the content of hydrogen leads to the appearance of flashback zones and fuel combustion inside the channels of the swirlers. For the combustion chamber of the combined-cycle power plant “Vodoley”, when operating on pure hydrogen, the formation of flame flashback zones does not occur.

Thermodynamic analysis of concentrated solar energy layouts integrated with combined power system

Solar Thermal Energy is currently used for power generation as a reliable carbon-free source in many countries. Unfortunately, none commercial project under operation is verified in Brazil although a great solar potential is verified. In this context, an interesting strategy to transition is to develop a hybrid solar plant that can be applied to current thermoelectric power plants. Therefore, the present work investigates several layout alternatives for coupling a solar thermal plant with an operational plant based on a combined cycle (Brayton and Rankine cycle) located in Brazil. A parabolic trough collector was selected for this study, considering oil and molten salt as working fluids. The thermodynamic modeling and additional mathematical models were developed on the open-source software OpenModelica. The thermodynamic modeling of the current power plant model was validated through real operating data, kindly provided by a private company. Moreover, a typical concentrate solar plant with thermal storage was modeled and validated through reference software called System Advisor Model (SAM) from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). A proposed solar plant with thermal storage is integrated into the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) considering six layouts with synthetic oil and six layouts with molten salt as working fluid on the solar field, where the solar plant is used either to preheat water, to evaporate steam, to superheat steam, or a combination of these processes in parallel with the HRSG. Results showed the layouts that use solar energy to superheat saturated steam taken from the drum, in a parallel configuration to the HRSG superheaters, have the best thermodynamic performance, with solar-to-electric conversion efficiency up to 32.29 %, and increases of 1.46 % in average daily steam turbine power under nominal Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) conditions. Moreover, it was evaluated that on an annual basis the hybrid powerplant has the potential to avoid fossil fuel consumption up to 34,410 MMBtu, representing up to 1,997 ton CO2 emissions avoidance and up to US$ 458,682.52 fuel cost savings.

Battery Uses for Regulating Active Power in Utility-scale Wind-based Hybrid Power Plant

Battery Uses for Regulating Active Power in Utility-scale Wind-based Hybrid Power Plant

ABOUT DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE HYBRID POWER PLANTS ON STANDS WITH RUNNING DRUMS

The authors of the article provide a detailed description and analysis of the basic layouts of hybrid power plants (GSU) of wheeled vehicles (CTS), describe the principle of their operation and provide the main diagnostic parameters. The analysis of the functioning of the GSU in various modes of movement of the CTS is presented. Diagnostic methods on power and inertial stands with running drums are considered.
 The purpose is to consider methods of diagnostics of CTS with GSU on power and inertial stands with running drums.
 The method of the work – the article used statistical methods of analysis.
 Results – it is proved that in order to ensure highly informative and stable test modes of functioning of the CTS with GSU in the process of their diagnosis, it is necessary to use hybrid stands.
 Scope of application of the results – it is advisable to apply the results obtained in the diagnosis of CTS with GSU on stands with running drums.

"DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF A HYBRID POWER PLANT BASED ON A CAR "

"The article reflects information about the current state of development of car designs with a hybrid power plant. The authors are conducting research work to create a prototype of an energy-efficient hybrid power plant based on a passenger car. The result of the work is an increase in the environmental safety of cars and efficiency. The basic schematic diagrams of hybrid power systems of passenger cars have been studied. Hybrid drive options included a version for rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive layouts. The power plant of a hybrid car with a parallel, sequential and series-parallel construction scheme is considered. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of all types of hybrid car drive schemes, the most suitable one has been selected. A small-sized car «Oka» was chosen as the base for the project. The car is modified to all-wheel drive, the electric motor is installed on the rear axle. The article contains a brief traction and dynamic calculation of an electric vehicle. According to the calculation results, an electric motor was selected. The technical solution is to develop an independent rear suspension with a subframe for mounting a gearbox with an electric motor and using hinges of equal angular velocities, which increases the cost of its design, but is the optimal solution for implementing such a scheme. Keywords: hybrid power plant, drive, electric motor, transmission, generator, car."

A decision-making approach for the health-aware energy management of ship hybrid power plants

Although autonomous shipping has attracted increasing interest, its further development requires innovative solutions to operate autonomous ships without the direct intervention of human operators. This study aims to develop a health-aware energy management (HAEM) approach for ship hybrid power plants, integrating the health monitoring information from reliability tools with the energy management tools. This approach employs the equivalent consumption minimisation strategy (ECMS) along with a Dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), as well as the utopia decision-making method and a model for the ship hybrid power plant. The HAEM approach is demonstrated for a parallel hybrid power plant of a pilot boat considering realistic operating profiles. The results demonstrate that by employing HAEM approach for the investigated ship power plant operating for 300 h reduces its failure rate almost fourfold at the cost of fuel consumption increase of around 1.5%, compared to the respective operation with the ECMS. This study is expected to contribute towards the development of supervisory control of autonomous power plants.