Hybrid Passive Optical Network Research Articles

High-Capacity Free Space Optics-Based Passive Optical Network for 5G Front-Haul Deployment

With the expansion of Information and Communication Technology, it is important to develop a communication network that can provide high-capacity ubiquitous connectivity. This work proposes an energy-efficient passive optical network (PON) using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to facilitate the dense deployment of radio units (RUs) in a beyond 5G (B5G) communication network. High-speed connectivity is ensured by employing a hybrid PON architecture that includes a combination of free space optics (FSO) links and optical fiber (OF) media to carry OFDM and WDM multiplexed traffic. Furthermore, an optical frequency comb generator (OFCG) is utilized at the transmitter module to generate and leverage the spectrum for transmitting information from baseband units (BBUs) to the RUs situated near the end users. The proposed system is analyzed through (i) simulation analysis using Optisystem for transmission capacity computations and (ii) mathematical analysis to determine the total savings in energy. The simulation analysis shows that the given architecture can carry data across 3 km of FSO medium using 512 subcarriers per BBU transmitting at 10 Gbps of data with QPSK-modulated bit sequence. Additionally, energy efficiency shows that the use of an OFCG cuts the total energy usage by 22% at the transmitter module without negatively impacting the system’s high cardinality and transmission capacity.

Design of OMCG based high capacity hybrid passive optical network (PON) and FSO system employing three SOPs/λ

Abstract This paper presents a cost effective optical multi-carrier generation (OMCG) based 96 Gbps hybrid passive optical network (PON) and free space optical (FSO) communication system. Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) using three different state of polarizations (SOPs) such as 0°, 45° and 90° has been realized and incorporated in the system for tripling the capacity of the proposed hybrid single mode fiber (SMF) and FSO system. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation format is considered for the cost comparison analysis between conventional PON system, existing PON + FSO system and proposed NRZ modulated three SOPs enabled hybrid PON + FSO system. Results revealed that proposed system provide 24 % cost reduction than conventional PONs and 0.64 % cost reduction as compared to exiting hybrid SMF + FSO PON. Further, effects of different modulation formats such as return-to-zero (RZ), AND compressed spectrum RZ (CSRZ) are investigated in terms of log bit error rate (BER) at different SMF link lengths and fixed FSO range. Our demonstrated hybrid SMF + FSO system can successfully cover the 25 km SMF distance and 3.4 km FSO link range using NRZ showing BER 10−20, RZ 10−6 and CSRZ 10−21.

Performance Evaluation of a novel dense hybrid passive optical network for acceptable modulation technique using EDFA amplifiers

Good rating services in terms of high speed data rate, good quality video signal and high speed telecommunication is the prime requirement for the current customers which have resolved in this research work for the first time best of our knowledge for 200 customers with the power amplification from EDFA optical amplifiers. Further, transmission of three play services signals have carried out from different modulation techniques (RZ, NRZ,Manchester, DBPSK and DQPSK modulator) to get the best outcomes. Furthermore, analysis of recommended dense hybrid passive optical network (DHPON) has also done in terms of bit error rate (BER), quality factor (Q-factor), and jitter. Final evaluation has recommended that RZ modulation technique is the acceptable choice to deliver the best services for the customers end.

Hybrid passive optical network–free-space optic-based fronthaul architecture for ultradense small cell network

In future radio access network (RAN), many small cells (SCs) will be densely deployed to meet the capacity demand of mobile users. Centralized radio access network (CRAN) is a potential solution to increase the capacity demand of RAN. CRAN breaks the functionality of RAN between remote radio head (RRH) and baseband unit (BBU) where RRH and BBU are preferably connected by an optical link called fronthaul link. However, the deployment of fiber for fronthaul connectivity, at each SC location, is impossible or impractical due to cost or other constraints. As such, passive optical network (PON) and free-space optic (FSO) technologies have emerged as potential candidates for fronthaul transmission when the complete optical fiber-based infrastructure for fronthaul network cannot be deployed alone. We propose a hybrid PON and FSO-based method for SC fronthaul connections that considers three different network constraints, i.e., bandwidth, data rate, and latency. Based on this, we formulate the problem and propose a method to perform cell association, namely minimum sum selection (MSS). The performance is evaluated in terms of the number of SCs connected and the proposed method is compared with two other baselines, namely: minimum rate selection and random selection method. The results show that despite MSS requiring knowledge of all network constraints. It has a better performance at the cost of more computation resources, achieving gains of 7% and 6.5% in cell connections compared to the other two baseline methods.

An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System

Abstract We demonstrated a full duplex hybrid passive optical network and indoor optical wireless system employing coherent optical frequency division multiplexing. To accomplish reliable transmission in passive optical networks integrated visible-light communication (VLC), yellow light-emitting diode and infrared LED is used in downstream and upstream, respectively, for intra building network. In order to support high data rate, pulse-width reduction scheme based on dispersion compensation fiber is incorporated and system successfully covered the distance of 50 km. A data stream at the rate of 30 Gb/s is transmitted for each user out of eight users. VLC-supported users are catered with the bit rate of 1.87 Gb/s over 150 cm and in order to realize a low-cost system, visible and infrared LEDs are used in downlink and uplink, respectively.

Polarization-Tracking-Free PDM Supporting Hybrid Digital-Analog Transport for Fixed-Mobile Systems

For fixed services such as hybrid fiber-coaxial and passive optical network with deployed fiber networks, it is desirable to exploit the potentials to support wireless services in fifth-generation (5G) mobile data communications on the top of the existing fixed networks. We propose a polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) scheme to achieve the co-delivery of independent signals for fixed-mobile convergence. This is achieved by removing unwanted optical carrier in each polarization, and thus the proposed system can resolve the polarization-tracking issue in conventional PDM. It has been demonstrated in this letter that the polarization-tracking-free PDM system can support the co-transmission of respective 70-Gbps digital and analog signals over 20-km single mode fiber. Experimental results have shown low crosstalk between two polarizations. The proposed PDM system is compatible with wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) network and is capable of enhancing the spectral efficiency of WDM channels. The inherent single-sideband feature of the proposed PDM also enhances long-range services.

An Improved Hybrid WDM/TDM PON Model with Enhanced Performance Using Different Modulation Formats of WDM Transmitter

Abstract In this paper, we have proposed an improved hybrid passive optical network model using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM) with 96 users in the bidirectional optical fiber networks. The performance is evaluated based on different distances and modulation formats with the help of Q factor, BER and Eye diagram. In the proposed model, the data is successfully transmitted up-to a distance of 96 km with a data rate of 10 Gbits/sec. Comparative analysis of proposed models with respect to other four models are hence put forth.

Staged priority-based dynamic bandwidth allocation in software-defined hybrid passive optical network

A software-defined hybrid passive optical network (HPON) architecture is proposed, in which multiple PON systems using various physical layer (PHY) multiplexing technologies can coexist. The detailed upstream bandwidth allocation procedure is illustrated, and the dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism in software-defined HPON is primarily investigated. By introducing the concept of virtual PON (VPON), an elaborate staged priority-based dynamic bandwidth allocation (SPB-DBA) mechanism for inter-VPON is proposed, which consists of a delicate two-stage admission scheme of bandwidth allocation to avoid frequent bandwidth reallocation, and an exquisite weighted bandwidth allocation algorithm to allocate bandwidth for VPONs with priority level and bandwidth demand priority differentiation. The simulation results demonstrate that the SPB-DBA mechanism provides distinctive bandwidth support for VPONs with differentiated priority levels and ensures the access fairness among VPONs. Furthermore, the performances in terms of bandwidth utilization, average satisfaction ratio, and packet average delay are significantly improved.

Hybrid free space optical communication system and passive optical network with high splitting ratio for broadcasting data traffic

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a free space optical (FSO) communication system with 10 Gbit s−1 on-off keying traffic, which is integrated in a passive optical network (PON) for broadcasting wireless data. After a transmission distance of 25 km of single-mode fiber and a free space transmission length of 6 m, the observed optical sensitivity of the FSO signal can reach −35.2 dBm within the forward error correction level at the bit error ratio of 3.8 × 10−3. Here, according to the obtained results of experiment and simulation, the FSO signal can support 2048 remote optical wireless units (OWUs) for wireless access via the PON network in free space transmission lengths of 0 to 160 m. Moreover, the proposed FSO-PON system also can support 1024, 512 and 256 remote OWUs in free space transmission lengths of 250, 350 and 500 m, respectively.

Long Reach and High Capacity Hybrid Passive Optical Network

<p>A number of applications are growing day by day and so the traffic. The need for bandwidth is also increasing at a rapid rate. The bandwidth and speed with which data can be transferred was very less when compared to core networks. The access network which was once a bottleneck is no longer so because of use of optic fiber (FTTH networks). A number of variants of Passive Optical Network (PON) have been proposed like the WDM PON and the Hybrid PON. Hybrid PON is a combination of TDM PON and WDM PON and is advantageous over WDMPON. This paper focuses on high capacity networks that can provide high data rate and long reach in the access part of the network. NRZ modulation format is normally used for transmission. We consider the advantages provided by the advanced modulation formats like DPSK. This modulation format is used to here and its benefits are evaluated in Hybrid PON network to increase the capacity and the reach of the network. Parameters like the BER and the Q factors are analysed using Optisystem Software. Distortion and the phenomena of dispersion can limit the performance of such a system. Hence Dispersion compensation mechanisms like the Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) are used in the system to transmit data over large distance.</p>

Performance Analysis of Different Electrical Filters in 10G Hybrid Passive Optical Network

With growing number of applications and network traffic, optic fibers are extensively used in the access part of the network. Passive Optical Networks (PON) in particular, Ethernet PON (EPON) networks based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) are more prominently used in many parts of the world. Though Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) PON has its own advantages, considering the cost and utilisation of such networks in the access part makes it less useful. On the other hand, Hybrid PON network combines the advantages of both EPON and WDM PON Networks. The objective of this paper is to identify suitable electrical filters for a 16-channel Hybrid Passive Optical Network with a transmission rate of 10Gbps per channel, by analysing their performance in terms of Q factor and Bit Error Rate. Different filters like the Bessel filter, Gaussian filter, Raised Cosine Filter, Rectangular filter, Butterworth filter, Chebyshev Filter are compared and their performances are evaluated. DB Modulation format that provides a longer reach is used at the transmitter to evaluate the different scenarios and the simulation is carried out using Optisystem.

Resilient, bandwidth scalable and energy efficient hybrid PON architecture

This paper proposes a resilient, bandwidth scalable and energy efficient WDM---TDM passive optical network (PON) architecture that provides network access services to the end user at very high data...

Performance Enhancement for Hybrid WDM-TDM Passive Optical Networks

Objective: A promising proposition for future access network is Long-Reach optical access systems. This innovation in access networks empowers broadband access for an extensive number of clients as well as diminishing operational expense for the system administrator. Most appealing optical access structures are Passive Optical Network (PON), which is exceedingly economical. Hybrid strategy of WDM & TDM PON is a current intriguing issue in the evolution of upcoming systems. Methods/Analysis: The performance of 4x32 hybrid WDM-TDM PON systems is evaluated and the range of network is enhanced. In the proposed network data are transmitted upon a distance of 150 Km with an input power level of 0.2 dBm and 10 dBm. Performance of the system has been observed by varying the data rate at 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, 7.5 Gbps and 10 Gbps. Performance of the proposed system is analyzed for various spans of fiber. Findings: The proposed system gives nearly identical results at low power input signal over long range. The quality of the received information is good at 0.2 dBm in comparison with 10 dBm for an optical cable of length 150 km. Novelty /Improvement: Hybrid PON is the answer for handling the necessities for future access systems. Long reach access systems decrease the cost of conveyance of future broadband applications. Requirement of low power, for transmission of signal over long spans saves energy making an ideal system for energy efficient network.

A cost effective bidirectional hybrid passive optical network using common carrier for all optical network units (CCAONUs) technique with mitigation of non linearity impact

In this paper, we investigated bidirectional hybrid Wavelength-Division Multiplexing/Time-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM/TDM PON) for mitigation the impact of non linearity like Rayleigh scattering (RS) and Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The system is constructed cost effective using Common Carrier for All Optical Network Units (CCAONUs). A carrier is engendered at the central office (CO) and remodulated for upstream transmission at the subscriber end making ONU very simple and cost effective. Further, the impact of non linearity is mitigated by phase modulating technique and different wavelengths i.e. 1550nm and 1310nm for upstream and downstream data. It is found that 10 Gbps data can be transmitted and received up to 190 and 185km distance with 256ONUs with minimum acceptable Q factor without any inline amplification respectively.

The Analysis of SUCCESS HPON Networks Using the HPON Network Configurator

NG-PON systems present optical access infrastructures to support various applications of the many service providers. In the near future, we can expect NG-PON technologies with different motivations for developing of HPON networks. The HPON is a hybrid passive optical network in a way that utilizes on a physical layer both TDM and WDM multiplexing principles together. The HPON network utilizes similar or soft revised topologies as TDM-PON architectures. In this first paper, design requirements for SUCCESS HPON networks are introduced. A main part of the paper is dedicated to presentation of the HPON network configurator that allows configurating and analyzing the SUCCESS HPON characteristics from a viewpoint of various specific network parameters. Finally, a short introduction to the comparison of the SUCCESS and SARDANA HPON networks based on simulation results is presented.

IIDWBA algorithm for integrated hybrid PON with wireless technologies for next generation broadband access networks

Optical and wireless technology integration has been proposed as one of the most promising nominees for the next-generation broadband access networks for quite some time. Integration scheme merges the high-speed and high-capacity of the optical networks with the low-cost, wide-coverage and mobility features of the wireless counterparts for the Subscriber Stations (SSs). It is also financially viable for the telecommunication service providers, particularly in the rural area where the development of optical infrastructure or expansion of the existing telecommunication solutions such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Cable Modem (CM) or T-1/E-1 networks are either too costly or unreachable. In order to successfully integrate the two technologies, there are some technical concerns in terms of Architectural aspects, Physical Layer features and Media Access Control (MAC) related issues, which need to be addressed efficiently in order to provide the smooth end-to-end (e2e) integration. This paper is mainly focused upon the analysis of the key topics in MAC-related issues such as E2E wavelength/bandwidth requests and allocations over the converged scenario. It proposes an Inter-channel and Intra-channel Dynamic Wavelength/Bandwidth Allocation (IIDWBA) algorithm where the hybrid Passive Optical Network (PON) acts as a back haul technology for the wireless counterpart. The proposed algorithm works in three phases, namely, Initialisation, Intra-channel bandwidth allocations and Inter-channel bandwidth allocations and is capable of allocating wavelength/bandwidth efficiently and effectively over the converged scenario. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through conducted simulation scenarios under different simulation parameters, traffic patterns and load values. According to the captured results, IIDWBA algorithm shows a better performance when it is compared to the scenario in which it has not been employed.

Tunable wavelength converters based switching structure for WDM-TDM hybrid PON

In the evolvement of Passive Optical Network (PON), the performance of hybrid Wavelength-Time Division Multiplexing based PON (WDM-TDM PON) is directly determined by the network architecture. This letter proposes a Tunable Wavelength Converter (TWC) based switching structure (TWC-SS) for WDM/TDM hybrid PON. Using the tunable wavelength converter technology, this Switch Node is designed and introduced into the hybrid WDM/TDM PON. Improved performances brought by the Switch Node on packet loss rate, bandwidth-utilization rate are proved by experimental results.

A 32 Wavelength Hybrid Passive Optical Network Architecture by Applying QPSK Modulation in Downstream and Intensity Re-Modulation for Upstream Colorless Transmission

A 32 Wavelength Hybrid Passive Optical Network Architecture by Applying QPSK Modulation in Downstream and Intensity Re-Modulation for Upstream Colorless Transmission

2.5 Gb/s hybrid WDM/TDM PON using radio over fiber technique

Hybrid gigabit-passive optical network (GPON) is a hybrid passive optical network, where wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) GPON and time division multiplexing (TDM)-GPON are integrated into a single passive optical network, reducing cost and increasing the data rate. In this paper, 2.5Gb/s GPON downstream link is presented, using the radio over fiber (RoF) technique in GPON network architecture. It has been done by means of commercial OptiSystem simulation software, where, differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation is proposed by using 2.4GHz radio frequency. The propagation of radio signals along a 25km standard single mode fiber (SMF) investigated. The simulated model can support 32 and 64 users. The analysis was made based on the performance of eye diagram, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), constellation diagram, error vector magnitude (EVM) and received power.

Full-Duplex, Extended-Reach 10G-TDM-OCDM-PON System Without En/Decoder at ONU

In this paper, we propose a novel long-reach 10.3 Gb/s time division multiplexing (TDM) and optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) hybrid passive optical network (PON) system without en/decoder at optical network unit (ONU), which can realize the aggregation and the extended reach of 10 Gb/s-class TDM-PON systems. Full-duplex transmission, including 4 packets × 4 optical codes (OCs) burst uplink, over single mode fiber (SMF) 65 km without dispersion compensation is experimentally demonstrated by adapting key components such as multi-level phase-shift-keying (PSK) multi-port optical en/decoder, narrow-band optical band pass filter and 10.3 Gb/s burst-mode 3R receiver.