Hybrid Nanoparticles Research Articles

Plasmonic-Enhanced Colorimetric Lateral Flow Immunoassays Using Bimetallic Silver-Coated Gold Nanostars.

The colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (cLFIA) has gained widespread attention as a point-of-care testing (POCT) technique due to its low cost, short analysis time, portability, and capability of being performed by unskilled operators with minimal requirement of reagents. However, the low analytical sensitivity of conventional LFIA based on colloidal gold nanospheres limits their applications for sensitive detection of trace amounts of target analytes. In this study, we introduced a novel plasmonic-enhanced colorimetric LFIA (PE-cLFIA) platform featuring bimetallic silver-coated gold nanostars (BGNS) with exceptional optical properties, leading to ultrahigh visual color brightness. The BGNS-based PE-cLFIA was successfully applied to detect a model analyte, low-calcium response V (LcrV), a virulence protein factor found in Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague. The PE-cLFIA sensing using BGNS-3 composed of 45 nm silver thickness showed a high visual colorimetric sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 13.7 pg/mL, which was around 50 times more sensitive than that of a traditional gold nanoparticle-based LFIA. In addition, the antibody-conjugated BGNS-3 showed excellent stability over 6 months. To illustrate the potential for clinical applications, we demonstrated that our LFIA platform for detecting LcrV spiked in human serum without any sample preprocessing exhibited a detection limit of 22.8 pg/mL. These results open up new opportunities for developing hybrid nanoparticle systems for sensitive POCT PE-cLFIA screening for infectious disease detection.

Synthesis and optimization of chitosan-incorporated semisynthetic polymer/α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle hybrid polymer to explore optimal efficacy of fluorescence resonance energy transfer/charge transfer for Co(II) and Ni(II) sensing

Initially, four synthetic fluorescent polymers (SFPs) are synthesized from α-methacrylic acid and methanolacrylamide monomers carrying –C(=O)OH and –C(=O)NH subfluorophores, respectively. Among SFPs, ∼1:1 incorporation of subfluorophores in the optimum SFP3 is explored by spectroscopic analyses. Subsequently, chitosan is incorporated in SFP3 to produce five semi-synthetic fluorescent polymers (SSFPs). The maximum incorporation of chitosan in SSFP4 is supported by different spectroscopies. In SSFP4, strong electrostatic interactions among polar functionalities of chitosan and synthetic polymer favor resonance-associated charge transfer (RCT) from SSFP4-(amide) to SSFP4-(canonical). Finally, three hybrid fluorescent polymers (HFPs) are fabricated encapsulating iron-oxide nanoparticle within SSFP4. The maximum proportion of hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase in HFPs is explored by spectroscopic, magnetometric, microscopic, and light scattering studies. HFP2 shows local/RCT/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) emission at 393/460/570 nm. In HFP2, FRET, RCT, and ratiometric pH-sensing within 3.0–6.5 phenomena are explored by solvent polarity effects, time-correlated single photon counting, quantum yield measurements, alongside I431/I460 vs pH plots. RCT and FRET emissions of HFP2 are utilized for selective sensing of Co(II)/Ni(II) with limits of detection of 4.990 ppb (460 nm)/4.353 ppb (570 nm) and 45.041 ppb (428 nm)/29.617 ppb (527 nm) in organic and aqueous solutions, respectively.

Hybrid Nanoparticles Dual‐Loaded With Curcumin and Benzydamine Hydrochloride for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: From Development to Biological Application In Vitro and In Vivo

Hybrid Nanoparticles Dual‐Loaded With Curcumin and Benzydamine Hydrochloride for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: From Development to Biological Application In Vitro and In Vivo

Design, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic evaluation of a lecithin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticle-loaded dual-responsive in situ gel of nebivolol for effective treatment of glaucoma

In this research work, optimized nebivolol-loaded lecithin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles (NEB-LCNPs) were prepared using sequential screening and optimization designs. The design of experiments software (DoE) was used to obtain a robust formulation that can improve ocular delivery of the NEB in the treatment of glaucoma. The optimized NEB-LCNPs had a mean particle size of 170.5 ± 5.3 nm and drug loading of 10.5 ± 1.2%. These were further loaded in a dual-responsive in situ gel, designed and reported previously by our group. The NEB-LCNPs loaded in situ gel (NEB-LCNPs-ISG) was characterized for physicochemical properties, rheological behavior, stability, in vitro dissolution, and ocular in vivo studies. The ocular pharmacokinetics showed that NEB-LCNPs-ISG had two-fold higher aqueous humor exposure with AUC0–tlast of 375.4 ng × h/mL and sustained drug concentrations for longer durations (1.7-folds higher duration with a mean residence time of 10.6 h) in comparison to a conventional aqueous suspension of NEB (NEB-Susp). Similarly, the pharmacodynamic study showed that NEB-LCNPs-ISG resulted in a higher percentage reduction in intraocular pressure (% ΔIOP) of 28.1 ± 1.8% × h, which was 2.2-times higher reduction compared to NEB-Susp (74.2 ± 3.2% × h). In addition, the pharmacodynamic effect was more sustained with a mean response time of 11.3 ± 0.2 h, a 2.8-times higher response time compared to NEB-Susp (4.06 ± 0.3 h). These results suggest that NEB-LCNPs-ISG was more effective than the conventional aqueous suspension of NEB in the treatment of glaucoma.

Exploring thermal flow dynamics in pressurized water reactors using hybrid graphene nanoplatelet coolants

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of hybrid nanoparticles on the temperature of nuclear reactor coolant, with a focus on graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)‐based hybrid nanoparticles. Sixteen different hybrid nanofluids were analyzed, and their performance was compared with a standard water‐based coolant. The criticality values were obtained through MCNP modeling, revealing that higher nanoparticle ratios led to increased criticality, with the highest value of 1.3239 observed in GNP‐Fe3O4 + Al2O3 nanofluids (0.05 wt%) and the lowest value of 1.2935 in GNP–Fe3O4 + SiO2 nanofluids (0.001 wt%). Temperature variations showed that increasing nanoparticle concentrations resulted in slightly higher temperatures, with a maximum of 611.97 K for 0.05 vol.% GNP nanoparticles. Additionally, the departure from nucleate boiling ratio values were consistently above the safety threshold of 2.08, with the lowest value of 3.657 for GNP–Fe3O4 + SiO2 nanofluids (0.05 vol.%). These findings suggest that hybrid nanofluids, particularly those with higher nanoparticle ratios, can enhance the thermal performance and safety margins of nuclear reactor coolants, offering a promising avenue for future research and application.

The Role of Starch Incorporation into Waterborne Acrylic-Hybrid Nanoparticles for Film-Forming Applications.

The use of biopolymers as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers offers a sustainable solution with benefits such as biodegradability and unique functionalities. In this study, starch/zein bioparticles (BPs) obtained by nanoprecipitation were employed to synthesize acrylic polymer/biopolymer waterborne nanoparticles with excellent film formation capability. These hybrid nanoparticle dispersions were obtained through a semibatch emulsion polymerization using the previously synthesized BPs as seed and variable monomeric formulations composed of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. A synergetic effect between acrylic and biopolymer phases was evidenced where the incorporation of BPs had a fundamental role in improving sensitive properties, such as film blocking resistance, while attaining smooth films at room temperature. These excellent film-forming properties of starch/acrylic hybrid latexes without requiring the addition of formulation agents, which depict an important benefit from an environmental viewpoint, demonstrate that they represent a promising alternative for the development of a new generation of eco-friendly binders.

Hybrid Nanoparticles: Ni and Au Decorated with [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimics

Complexes [(μ‐S₂C₂H₄NHR)Fe₂(CO)₆] (R = p‐C₆H₄‐OCO(CH₂)₉Br (3a); R = p‐C₆H₄‐OCO(CH₂)₈CH₃ (3b)) were used as stabilizing agents in the synthesis of Ni@3 and Au@3 nanoparticles (NPs), which are the first reported stable metallic NPs decorated with [(μ‐S₂C₂H₄NHR)Fe₂(CO)₆] moieties. Electrochemical analysis reveals that incorporating the hydrogenase mimic into the NPs lowers the overpotential and enhances proton reduction electrocatalytic activity in organic media. The NPs act similarly to the [Fe₄S₄] cluster in natural enzymes, functioning as an electron reservoir/relay.

ADVANCES IN NANOMATERIALS AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

The paper provides an overview of the significance of nanomaterials as additives, in the tribological performance of lubricants. This review describes the ascendancy of different nanoparticles such as carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, oxide nanoparticles, sulphide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, hybrid and bimetallic nanoparticles in lubricants. The study also evaluates the underlying principles of lubricant-nanoparticle interactions and their effects on wear prevention and friction reduction. The key parameters including particle morphology, particle size, weight concentration, and functionalization of the particle surface, that determine the friction and wear characteristics are discussed. Also, the science behind surface interaction and various mechanisms involved in friction and wear modification is described. The review highlights the prospect of various nanomaterials in the field of lubrication and facilitates development of advanced nanolubricants with superior tribological properties, that attributes to the reduction in energy consumption and improved performance.

Improving adhesion strength between steel and 2K polyurethane containing organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles and its performance optimization

This research has developed a novel adhesion promoter using organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (ATS) to address existing limitations, such as the cumbersome separate coating and drying stages and insufficient adhesion. ATS was synthesized through hydrolysis-condensation reactions of an alkoxysilane-functionalized amphiphilic polymer (AFAP) precursor and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). When directly mixed with resin part of polyurethane, ATS significantly enhanced the adhesion strength of 2 K PU to steel substrates without altering the mechanical properties or chemical structure of the polyurethane. An optimization process was conducted to determine the ideal mixing ratio of ATS with other components of 2 K PU, including different types of glycols (butylene glycol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol) and polyols to achieve the highest adhesive performance. The results showed that 2 K PU resin formed by using a mixture of polycaprolactone diol (PCD) and butylene glycol (BG) containing ATS (1−2) with nanoscale size (30.86 nm) exhibited superior adhesion performance over the other modified 2 K PUs and was 2.16 times higher than the common 2 K PU. These results were further validated via predictive model following response surface methodology to assess the precise impact of three parameters: the amount of AFAP (X1), amount of APTES (X2), and amount of BG (X3) on the adhesion strength of 2 K PU. The properties of different types of ATS and modified 2 K PU including particle size, degree of condensation, moisture content, molecular structure, molecular weight, hydrogen bonding intensity, microstructure morphology, and adhesion strength, were characterized.

Numerical study of hybrid nanofluid and thermal transport in sun-powered energy ship within the application of parabolic trough solar collectors

PurposeRecent advancements in technology have led to the exploration of solar-based thermal radiation and nanotechnology in the field of fluid dynamics. Solar energy is captured through sunlight absorption, acting as the primary source of heat. Various solar technologies, such as solar water heating and photovoltaic cells, rely on solar energy for heat generation. This study focuses on investigating heat transfer mechanisms by utilizing a hybrid nanofluid within a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) to advance research in solar ship technology. The model incorporates multiple effects that are detailed in the formulation.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical model is transformed using suitable similarity transformations into a system of higher-order nonlinear differential equations. The model was solved by implementing a numerical procedure based on the Wavelets and Chebyshev wavelet method for simulating the outcome.FindingsThe velocity profile is reduced by Deborah's number and velocity slip parameter. The Ag-EG nanoparticles mixture demonstrates less smooth fluid flow compared to the significantly smoother fluid flow of the Ag-Fe3O4/EG hybrid nanofluids (HNFs). Additionally, the Ag-Ethylene Glycol nanofluids (NFs) exhibit higher radiative performance compared to the Ag-Fe3O4/Ethylene Glycol hybrid nanofluids (HNFs).Practical implicationsAdditionally, the Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid demonstrates improved thermal conductivity compared to traditional fluids, making it suitable for use in cooling systems and energy applications in the maritime industry.Originality/valueThe originality of the study lies in the exploration of the thermal transport enhancement in sun-powered energy ships through the incorporation of silver-magnetite hybrid nanoparticles within the heat transfer fluid circulating in parabolic trough solar collectors. This particular aspect has not been thoroughly researched previously. The findings have been validated and provide a highly positive comparison with the research papers.

PH-responsive mupirocin-loaded hybrid nanoparticles in hydrogel and film forming spray against resistant bacterial wound infections

The aim of this work was to fabricate smart Mupirocin loaded Lipid Polymeric Hybrid Nanoparticles (MUP-LPHNs) based hydrogel and Film forming spray (FFS) for targeted release of MUP in response to wound pH. The MUP-LPHNs were optimized through design expert v.12. The optimized MUP-LPHNs had a particle size of 270.7 ± 3.20 nm with zeta potential of 17.05 ± 1.20 mV and entrapment efficiency of 88.0 ± 0.35 %. MUP-LPHNs showed no major chemical interaction, spherical morphology and amorphous nature as confirmed by FTIR, SEM and XRD, respectively. MUP-LPHNs were loaded to MUP-LPHNs based hydrogel (MUP-LPHNs-HG) and MUP-LPHNs based film forming spray (MUP-LPHNs-FFS) with successful characterization. In vitro release data confirmed sustained and pH dependent release from both MUP-LPHNs-HG and MUP-LPHNs-FFS as higher release was observed at pH 7.4. MUP-LPHNs-HG and MUP-LPHNs-FFS showed high efficiency and long-term inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) with 4–6 fold increase in the antibacterial activity compared to MUP solution. MUP-LPHNs-HG and MUP-LPHNs-FFS exhibited both in vitro and in vivo wound pH contingent, sustained drug release. Moreover, the prepared nanocarriers systems flaunted significant therapeutic efficacy against MRSA infected wound model by significant reduction in bacterial load and wound area, increased hydroxy proline level and antioxidant enzymes and reduced proinflammatory cytokines. Similarly, immunohistochemistry, histopathological and trichrome assessment showed significant reduction in level of inflammatory markers, accelerated and enhanced re-epithelization, improved connective tissue remodeling and effectively promote collagen deposition with effective wound regeneration, respectively. It can be concluded that LPHNs could be a potential carrier system for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MUP against resistant bacterial wound infections.

PEI-Engineered Lipid@PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Multimodal Delivery of Antigens and Immune Adjuvants to the Respiratory Mucosa.

Antigen delivery via respiratory mucosal surfaces is an interesting needle-free option for vaccination. Nonetheless, it demands for the design of especially tailored formulations. Here, lipid/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) hybrid nanoparticles (hNPs) for the combined delivery of an antigen, ovalbumin (Ova), and an adjuvant, synthetic unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) motifs, is developed. A panel of Ova/CpG-loaded lipid@PLGA hNPs with tunable size and surface is attained by exploiting two lipid moieties, 1,2 distearoil-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), with or without polyethyleneimine (PEI). It is gained insights on the lipid@PLGA hNPs through a combination of techniques to analytically determine the specific moiety on the surface, the spatial distribution of the components and the internal structure of the nanoplatforms. The collected results suggest that PEI plays a role of paramount importance not only in promoting in vitro antigen escape from lysosomes and enhancing antigen cross-presentation, but also in determining the arrangement of the moieties in the final architecture of the hNPs. Though multicomponent PEI-engineered lipid@PLGA hNPs turn out as a viable strategy for delivery of antigens and adjuvant to the respiratory mucosa, tunable nanoparticle features are achievable only through the optimal selection of the components and their relative amounts.

Graphene Oxide-Silica Green Hybrid Nanocomposites: Fabrication via Latex Mixing and Mechanical Properties Evaluation

ABSTRACT This study investigates the incorporation of sustainable self-assembled graphene oxide-nano silica (GO/NS) hybrid nanoparticles into the natural rubber latex matrix via latex mixing. The primary objective is to assess the synergistic impact of these nanofillers on the mechanical properties of natural rubber latex using both static and dynamic mechanical analysis. Results reveal significant enhancements in mechanical properties, with NRL GO/NS 2 exhibiting a remarkable 188% increase in tensile strength and NRL GO/NS 3 showing a substantial 107% increase. Furthermore, NRL GO/NS 3 demonstrates a 30% reduction in rolling resistance and a remarkable 200% improvement in wet grip, while NRL GO/NS 2 exhibits an 88% increase in wet grip and a 43% decrease in rolling resistance, suggesting potential fuel efficiency benefits. These advancements hold promise for various applications such as automotive tire manufacturing, biomedical devices, and the production of elastomeric goods.

Integrating zirconia-gold hybrid into aptasensor capable of ultrasensitive and robust carcinoembryonic antigen determination

Aptasensors have emerged as a powerful strategy for clinical diagnostics due to their enhanced specificity and selectivity in detecting biomarkers. However, striking a delicate equilibrium between sensitivity, specificity, and stability remains a formidable challenge due to the biomarker's low abundance and clinical biospecimen's complexity. To address this, we developed a hybrid of zirconia-gold nanoparticles (ZrO2-AuNPs) to enhance the performance of aptasensors, resulting in improved sensitivity and stability. The introduction of ZrO2 resulted in a significant reduction in signal fluctuation, as demonstrated by a remarkable decrease in the relative standard deviation (RSD) from 22.60% to an impressive 1.95%, indicating improved stability; this enhancement was also observed in various ZrO2-AuNPs-aptasensors, yielding a minimal RSD of 2.61%. The sensitivity boosters (ZrO2 and AuNPs) amplified the electrochemical signal, leading to highly sensitive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection with a threshold as low as 42.504 fg/mL. For clinical application, the ZrO2-AuNPs-aptasensor demonstrated a strong correlation with clinical measurements, as evidenced by the regression equation y (A) = 1.005 × x - 0.025 (ng/mL) and a notable R2 value of 0.991, indicating a high predictive accuracy. Additionally, the aptasensor displayed remarkable diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing lung cancer from healthy samples, as evidenced by a perfect sensitivity of 1.0, a specificity of 0.913, and an impressive AUC value of 0.993 in the ROC analysis, a claim further confirmed by a significantly low p-value of 1.990 × 10-5 from a validation t-test. Moreover, we optimized various conditions, including temperature and pH, for the ZrO2-AuNPs-aptasensor, resulting in desirable reproducibility and selectivity. We anticipate that the ZrO2-AuNPs strategy will enhance the aptasensor's sensitivity and stability, potentially propelling advancements in clinical diagnostics.

Thermophoretic particle deposition and double-diffusive mixed convection flow in non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluids past a vertical deformable sheet

PurposeThermophoresis deposition of particles is a crucial stage in the spread of microparticles over temperature gradients and is significant for aerosol and electrical technologies. To track changes in mass deposition, the effect of particle thermophoresis is therefore seen in a mixed convective flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluids upon a stretching/shrinking sheet.Design/methodology/approachThe PDEs are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity technique and then the bvp4c solver is employed for the altered transformed equations. The main factors influencing the heat, mass and flow profiles are displayed graphically.FindingsThe findings imply that the larger effects of the thermophoretic parameter cause the mass transfer rate to drop for both solutions. In addition, the suggested hybrid nanoparticles significantly increase the heat transfer rate in both outcomes. Hybrid nanoparticles work well for producing the most energy possible. They are essential in causing the flow to accelerate at a high pace.Practical implicationsThe consistent results of this analysis have the potential to boost the competence of thermal energy systems.Originality/valueIt has not yet been attempted to incorporate hybrid nanofluids and thermophoretic particle deposition impact across a vertical stretching/shrinking sheet subject to double-diffusive mixed convection flow in a Williamson model. The numerical method has been validated by comparing the generated numerical results with the published work.

Timescale dependent homogeneous assembly of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles in laminar mixing for enhanced lung cancer treatment

The homogeneity of core–shell structure lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) is crucial for efficient intracellular cargo delivery. While microfluidic techniques have been recognized for their capabilities in precisely controlling the size and drug encapsulation efficiency, there is little research exploring the impact of mass transfer behavior within microchannels on the homogeneous assembly process of HNPs. Here, we manipulated the laminar flow state within TrM device to achieve controlled assembly of HNPs and explored a timescale dependent assembly technique to ensure the homogeneity of folate modified HNPs (FHNPs). Our founding indicate that this method enabled the control over the growth kinetics of PLGA cores within a timescale (τgrow) of 1–15 ms. The homogeneous ligand assembly on the surface of FHNPs can only be achieved when τgrow exceeds the timescale of functional lipid coating (τcoating). Compared to conventional bulk mixing methods, this strategy significantly reduces the risk of heterogeneous assembly in FHNPs fabrication and ensures consistent reproducibility across batches. The homogeneous FHNPs (HFHNPs) fabricated through this method exhibit precise control over particle size (ranging from 75 nm to 150 nm), low polydispersity index, and consistent core–shell structure. Furthermore, this strategy enhances the density of available folate ligands on the surface of FHNPs. In subsequent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor assays, the icariside Ⅱ (IS) loaded HFHNPs (IS@HFHNPs) exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and tumor accumulation behavior. the timescale dependent homogeneous assembly method for HNPs developed in this research presents a promising avenue for maintaining quality in the synthesis of self-assembly composite nanomecidine.

Enhanced Raman Scattering in CVD-Grown MoS2/Ag Nanoparticle Hybrids.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful, non-destructive technique for enhancing molecular spectra, first discovered in 1974. This study investigates the enhancement of Raman signals from single- and few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) when interacting with silver nanoparticles. We synthesized a MoS2 membrane primarily consisting of monolayers and bilayers through a wet chemical vapor deposition method using metal salts. The silver nanoparticles were either directly grown on the MoS2 membrane or placed beneath it. Raman measurements revealed a significant increase in signal intensity from the MoS2 membrane on the silver nanoparticles, attributed to localized surface plasmon resonances that facilitate SERS. Our results indicate that dichalcogenide/plasmonic systems have promising applications in the semiconductor industry.

Laser-Assisted Photo-Thermal Reaction for Ultrafast Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Copper Nanoparticles Hybrid Films as Flexible Electrodes.

The hybridization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Cu nanoparticles offers a promising strategy for creating highly conductive and mechanically stable fillers for flexible printed electronics. In this study, we report the ultrafast synthesis of SWCNT/Cu hybrid nanostructures and the fabrication of flexible electrodes under ambient conditions through a laser-induced photo-thermal reaction. Thermal energy generated from the nonradiative relaxation of the π-plasmon resonance of SWCNTs was utilized to reduce the Cu-complex (known as a metal-organic decomposition ink) into Cu nanoparticles. We systematically investigated the effects of SWCNT concentration and output laser power on the structural and electrical properties of the SWCNT/Cu hybrid electrodes. The SWCNT/Cu electrodes achieved a minimum electrical resistivity of 46 μohm·cm, comparable to that of the metal-based printed electrodes. Mechanical bending tests demonstrated that the SWCNT/Cu electrodes were highly stable and durable, with no significant deformation observed even after 1000 bending cycles. Additionally, the electrodes showed rapid temperature increases and stable Joule heating performance, reaching temperatures of nearly 80 °C at an applied voltage of less than 3.5 V.

Convolvulus pluricaulis - Lipid hybrid nanoparticles to enhance in vivo exposure and uptake of rivastigmine for alzheimer disease

This study investigates Rivastigmine Hydrogen Tartrate (RHT)-loaded polymeric lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNs) incorporating Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis; C. Pluricaulis) extract. C. Pluricaulis was extracted using methanol, and PLHNs were formulated using a modified film hydration method with RHT, oleic acid, soy lecithin, Tween 80, PLA polymer, and Pluronic F-68. Characterization involved particle size, PDI, and zeta potential measurements using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and morphology assessments via TEM and SEM. Drug-excipient interactions were analyzed using DSC and FTIR. In vitro release was evaluated using dialysis bags, and in vivo efficacy was tested in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The optimized formulation (NF6) demonstrated suitable particle size, PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. NF6 significantly improved memory and exhibited antioxidant activity, indicating its potential for neurodegenerative disorder therapy.

A drug delivery system of HIF-1α siRNA nanoparticles loaded by mesenchymal stem cells on choroidal neovascularization.

Aim: To assess mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as carriers for HIF-1αsiRNA-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted therapy of experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Materials & methods: A poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-core/lipid-shell hybrid NP was designed. The transfection efficacy of MSCs with the hybrid NPs was assessed. Mice were intravenously injected with MSCs after laser photocoagulation and CNV was assessed at 7days post-injection.Results & conclusion: The transfection efficiency of hybrid NPs into MSCs was 72.7%. HIF-1α mRNA expression in 661w cells co-cultured with MSC-hybrid-siRNA NPs was significantly lower. Intravenous delivery of MSC-hybrid-siRNA NPs greatly reduced CNV area and length. Intravenous injection of MSC-hybrid-siRNA NPs achieved therapeutic efficacy in reducing CNV area. The MSC-mediated homing enabled targeted inhibition of ocular angiogenesis.