Hybrid Nano Research Articles

A study on the effects of hybrid (SIC- PSSA) nano sized reinforcement on mechanical and tribological behaviour of Al alloy-based metal matrix composite produced by ultrasonic assisted stir casting

This study focuses on the effects of hybrid reinforcement consisting of nanosized particles of Palm Sprout Shell Ash (PSSA) and silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical and tribological properties of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Hybrid reinforced composites with different weight percentages of SiC and PSSA (0:0, 0:4, 1:3, 2:2, and 4:0 wt%) were prepared using the ultrasonic-assisted bottom-poured stir casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the hybrid composite made of Al-Cu-Mg alloy. The optical and SEM microstructural analyses demonstrated an even distribution of SiC and PSSA nano size reinforcements within the matrix. The EDS analysis revealed SiC and PSSA reinforcement particles in the composite. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact strength) and wear properties (wear rate and coefficient of friction) of the composites and alloys were evaluated according to the ASTM standards. The hybrid reinforced composites outperformed the base alloy. Among all composites, the 2:2 wt% SIC and PSSA hybrid reinforced composites exhibited a significant enhancement in both tensile and flexural strength, with a 29.15% and 27.64% increase in strength, respectively. However, the inclusion of these reinforcements led to a reduction in the ductility and impact strength of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy composite. The 0:4 wt% SiC- and PSSA-reinforced composites experienced the largest reductions in ductility and impact strength, with decreases of 47.67% and 3.56%, respectively. For the 2:2 wt% SiC and PSSA composites, these reductions were 23.64% and 3.16%, respectively. The SEM analysis of the fractured surfaces of the composites tested for mechanical properties revealed evidence of both ductile and brittle fracture mechanisms in the tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The wear behaviour of the prepared samples was evaluated, and all composites exhibited superior performance compared with the base alloy, demonstrating adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms and varying friction coefficients. Among all the composites, the 2:2 wt% SiC- and PSSA-reinforced composites exhibited high wear resistance and a lower coefficient of friction than the other fabricated composites.

Profhilo® Structura, Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Practical Review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based injectables continue to grow in popularity and are used worldwide to improve facial changes associated with aging. Profhilo® Structura (IBSA Farmaceutici Italia, Lodi, Italy) is a novel HA-based product that uses nano hybrid complex of hyaluronic acid (NAHYCO)® technology to create hybrid cooperative complexes consisting of high and low molecular weight HA. Profhilo® Structura's high concentration (45 mg of total HA) and rheological properties (ie, viscosity [resistance to flow] and elasticity [stickiness]) have been specially formulated to restore facial adipose tissue. Because of their early involvement in the facial aging process, the superficial medial and lateral-temporal cheek fat compartments are good candidates for treatment. However, recommendations and guidelines are necessary to ensure that treatment is safe and effective. Three experts were invited to IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl to discuss clinical rationale, optimal injection techniques, and clinical outcomes for treating the superficial medial and lateral-temporal cheek fat compartments with Profhilo® Structura. These techniques were developed using patients presenting with either initial hypotrophy of fat compartments within the preauricular area (ie, sinkers) or jowl sagging due to hypotrophy within the preauricular and zygomatic areas (ie, saggers). Targeting these areas using the optimal injection site can maximize product diffusion and minimize the risk for vascular compromise. Targeting these areas also leads to lateral tightening and lipolifting effects due to adipose tissue restoration. The experts agreed that Profhilo® Structura is currently the first and only HA-based injectable treatment that can integrate and restore the adipose tissue in these affected fat compartments.

Thermal analysis of AIN-Al2O3 Casson hybrid nano fluid flow through porous media with inclusion of slip impact

A mathematical analysis of magnetized Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching permeable sheet with porosity effects and being exposed to thermal convective boundary conditions with slip in velocity and concentration have been presented numerically. The attained steady-state partial differential equations are highly coupled and nonlinear in nature and are not agreeable to any of the direct techniques. Hence, they are being reduced to coupled-nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of appropriate similarity transformations. A MATLAB-based, bvp4c scheme has been employed to obtain numerical solutions. Suitable graphs have been plotted which demonstrates the fluid flow velocity, temperature, concentration and micro-organism distribution fields in the boundary layer regime. Magnifying Casson fluid parameter and porosity leads to a decline in the velocity field. Amplifying the concentration slip decays the concentration profile. A comparative analysis was conducted to confirm the findings from previous research, demonstrating strong consistency with the results previously documented. Enhancing heat transfer in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), optimizing medical drug delivery techniques, and boosting the efficiency of cooling systems in industrial processes are all potential applications of this study.

Magnetite Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite as Effective Adsorbent for Removal of 2-Naphthol in Wastewater

Background: The wastewater released from various industries contains substantial amounts of organic compounds such as dyes and naphthols. However, naphthols are toxic to the environment and human health. So, it is essential to eliminate them, which will contribute to manufacturing and environmental management. Methods: In the work, an eco-friendly method is adapted to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Equisetum arvense plant extract as a strong reducing and stabilizing agent. Then, a hybrid nano adsorbent based on rGO and ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) was prepared as an adsorbent. We investigate the performance of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 to remove 2-naphthol (2-NP). Results: The FE-SEM images exhibited spherical magnetite nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 31 to 47 nm on composite. Efficient removal (90%) of 2-NP from aqueous solution is demonstrated using high surface area Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 (initial concentration of 2-NP: 10 mg mL-1, pH: 5.0, time: 30 min, and amount of adsorbent dosage: 3 mg mL-1). The high surface area of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3, hydrogen binding, π-π stacking interaction between the benzene rings of 2-NP and graphitic skeleton of hybrid adsorbent facilitate the adsorption of 2-NP on the Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3. The 2NP removal capacity by (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) showed a significant decrease during five successive cycles. Conclusions: These results promise the potential of high surface area (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) for efficient removal of 2-NP for wastewater treatment.

Hybrid Nano Fluid Slip Flow Over a Permeable Sheet with Radiative Heat Flux, Variable Thermal Conductivity and Heat Source

Hybrid Nano Fluid Slip Flow Over a Permeable Sheet with Radiative Heat Flux, Variable Thermal Conductivity and Heat Source

Exploring the application and simulated TD-DFT of nano hybrid nanocomposite bromocresol green derivatives dye and glycine with titanium oxide nanoparticles

Exploring the application and simulated TD-DFT of nano hybrid nanocomposite bromocresol green derivatives dye and glycine with titanium oxide nanoparticles

Inclined magnetized infinite shear rate viscosity of non-Newtonian tetra hybrid nanofluid in stenosed artery with non-uniform heat sink/source

Abstract Many scholars performed the analysis by using the non-Newtonian fluids based on the nano and hybrid nano particles in blood arteries to investigate the heat transport for cure in several diseases. These performances are presented to investigate the blood flow behaviour with extended form of the novel tetra hybrid Das and Tiwari nanofluid system attached by the Carreau fluid. The assessment of energy transport has been achieved based on the thermal radiation, heat source/sink, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation. The obtained partial differential equation from physical problem is transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using the similarity variables. Furthermore, system of nonlinear ODEs attached with boundary conditions are transported into the system of first-order ODEs with initial conditions. For the numerical solution of obtained ODEs, the numerical solutions have been performed based on the RK method. The numerical results are plotted through figures, tables, and statistical graphs. Magnetic forces and inclined magnetic effects are caused to reduce velocity of blood. Temperature of blood within the arteries is increased by increasing the parameter of thermal radiation.

Multi-objective Optimization Using Grey Relational Analysis in Selection of Nano Hybrid Sintered Composites for Drone Propeller Mount Application

Multi-objective Optimization Using Grey Relational Analysis in Selection of Nano Hybrid Sintered Composites for Drone Propeller Mount Application

The Impact of nanoparticles (B4C-Al2O3) on mechanical, wear, fracture behavior and machining properties of formwork grade Al7075 composites

This study explores how ageing temperature and the volume percentage of Al2O3+B4C nanoparticles influence the machinability and hardness of stir-cast Al-7075 Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). Using liquid metallurgy techniques, hybrid materials were created by reinforcing Al7075 metal matrix with varying weight percentages of nanosized B4C (1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%) and Al2O3 (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). After fabrication, the samples were subjected to five-hour ageing process at temperatures of 100, 120, and 140 degrees Celsius, followed by cooling to ambient temperature (27 degrees Celsius). Hybrid nano composites that had been heat treated were tested for wear, tensile strength, and hardness. Results shows that, the addition of nanoparticles and heat treatment considerably improves the tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance of hybrid composites by 3%, 17%, and 10%, respectively, for samples reinforced with 4.5% B4C + 2% Al2O3. SEM analysis was used to investigate the type of wear and the tensile fracture mode of nano composite samples by analyzing the wornout surface and the surface where tensile fracture occurred. Machinability was assessed using L27 orthogonal array tests, focusing on three key process parameters: feed rate (0.1 mm/min), depth of cut (0.2 mm/min), and spindle speed (1000 rpm). Outcomes show that, increasing the wt. % of nano-Al2O3/B4C leads to higher machining force and surface roughness (Ra) of MMCs. Conversely, higher ageing temperatures result in decreased machining force and surface roughness. Optimal surface roughness and machining force were achieved with 1% Al2O3 + 1.5% B4C and an ageing temperature of 140°C. These findings offer valuable insights into the ease of machining of composite metal alloys, emphasizing the importance of parameter selection and optimization for desired machining outcomes.

Large-capacity adsorption of the organic dye with surface-silanol-rich hybrid nano silica

Surface-silanol-rich hybrid nano silica was synthesized with a reverse-phase microemulsion method. Exposure ratio of the surface silicon atom reached 81.4 % with the mildest drying method of air-drying at room temperature, which enabled a large amount of amino (5.8 mmol g−1) and silanol (8.0 mmol g−1) to be simultaneously generated on the surface. Abundant surface groups enabled the present material to efficiently remove various anionic dyes from the wastewater with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2048 mg g−1. The reported result supplied good reference for the designing of the adsorbent through modulating the surface groups’ composition and amount.

Insight into the bidirectional dynamics of hyperbolic tangent hybrid nanomaterial subject to Nield’s conditions using numerical approach

A hyperbolic tangent fluid model characterized by shear rate dependent viscosity together with the effects of hybrid nanoparticles, Brownian motion, thermo-diffusion, and Nield’s conditions, is utilized for thermal enhancement purpose. Five percent copper nanoparticles and twenty percent alumina nanoparticles are submerged into ethylene glycol with the parametric influence of tangent hyperbolic fluid to obtain the tangent hyperbolic hybrid nano suspension. Numerical solutions of the nondimensionalized conservation laws are found by the Keller-box method. The influence of various parametric factors on velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number has been discussed. A constant Nusselt number is noted with the influence of Nield’s constraints. A 90% increase in thermal conductivity is achieved by dispersing 5% copper and 20% alumina nanoparticles into the ethylene glycol with the influence of hyperbolic tangent fluid. The error and convergence analysis of the numerical solution have been discussed, along with the validation of the obtained numerical results.

Novel Approach to Augment Thermal Conductivity of Dihybrid Nanofluids

In this experimental study, the copper oxide (CuO) nano–particle (NP) was mixed with a water/ethylene glycol hybrid base fluid to form a hybrid nano–fluid (HNF). Further, this HNF was mixed with a MgO nano–particle and also separately with a TiO2 nano–particle to form two different dihybrid nano–fluids (DHNFs). For the preparation of nano–fluids, two-step procedure was used. In all three cases, the volume fraction of the NP was 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25%. The thermal conductivity (TC) of HNF was measured with KD2 pro and compared with the DHNFs' at temperatures 26, 28, 30, and 32°C. It was inferred that the CuO/TiO2 nano–particle addition in the water/ethylene glycol hybrid base fluid resulted in an average of 0.8% rise in thermal conductivity at chosen temperatures and volume fraction. Also, the agglomeration due to the presence of CuO/MgO was a critical issue at higher volume fractions such as 0.75, 1, and 1.25%. The MgO nano–particle addition in the CuO nano–particle also resulted in a 0.6% increase in thermal conductivity at 0.25 and 0.5% volume fraction. The result was that in the CuO/MgO - water-ethylene glycol nano–fluid combination the TC was enhanced by 29.57% compared with CuO/water/ethylene glycol at a volume fraction increase of 0.5%. Also, it was noted that the nano–particles volume fraction has little effect on thermal conductivity improvement at higher proportion.

Experimental study and multi-objective optimization of the shear mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete with hybrid fibers and nano SiO2

Structural imperfections (microcracks, micropores, and weak interfacial transition zones) impact the shear mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Fibers and nanoparticles can mitigate these issues, enhancing the overall quality of recycled aggregates (RAs). Various hybrid systems, including basalt fiber (BF), polypropylene fiber (PPF), and nano-SiO2 (NS), were added to the RAC for double shear testing. Regression models were developed using the response surface method to optimize the hybrid systems. The study showed that the NS-BF-PPF hybrid system achieved the optimal shear strength, shear strain, shear toughness index, and shear fracture energy (6.99 MPa, 9.58 × 10−4, 0.716, and 34.603 J, respectively). These values were superior to those of the BF-PPF hybrid system and single system. The three-dimensional reticulated supporting structure devised by the BF-PPF effectively remedied the structural defects in the RA at various levels. Furthermore, the fibers integrated into the hybrid system act as bridges, absorbing shear energy during the pullout process. The incorporation of nanoscale NS stimulated the hydration response of the cement, resulting in a more compact pore structure within the RAC. Nonlinear multivariate regression models were fabricated utilizing the response surface method to maximize strength. The optimal contents of BF and PFF in the BF-PPF hybrid system were 0.344 % and 0.3 %, respectively. The optimal contents of NS, BF, and PPF in the NS-BF-PPF hybrid system were determined to be 3.5 %, 0.5 %, and 0.1 %, respectively. The combination of fibers and nanoparticles elicits a synergistic effect, significantly augmenting the shear performance of RAC.

A Review: Nanofluids in Machining for Performance and Sustainability

This study examines the use of hybrid and normal nano cutting fluids in drilling, a process commonly used by sectors of the economy that normally depend on gulf cut or dry cut oil. These lubricants work well for drilling, but they don’t improve surface smoothness enough and might shorten the tools lifespan. In order to mitigate these problems, scientists are investigating nanofluids as an alternative to conventional lubricants. They are experimenting with different mixtures of nanofluids as a foundation in drilling operations. Multiple investigations demonstrate that the utilization of nanofluid as cutting fluid can improve lubrication as well as cooling in comparison to conventional cutting fluids. Various drilling techniques, such as dry machining, minimum quantity of lubrication, and solid lubricant, are employed however literature suggests that MQL is the most environmentally friendly option. Given that drilling involves working on tough surfaces, it is imperative to have a high-quality coolant lubricant. While there are several choices available for base lubricants, none of them can achieve the required level of surface finish during drilling. As a possible lubricant option in the future, the research suggests using a hybrid nanofluid in combination with multiple base lubricants.

Effect of rectangular, triangular, and semi-circular hybrid nano phase change material chambers under permanent magnetic field on the stepped solar still efficiency: An experimental study

Water has been considered one of the most important human needs since the beginning of human existence. This experimental study investigates the impact of utilizing hybrid nanomaterials (Fe3O4 + Graphene oxide) in phase change material (NPCM) under consideration of magnetic field on the production of a uniquely designed stepped solar still. The major aim of this research is to compare three different geometric hybrid NPCM chambers’ performance on the daily production of the stepped solar still. So 4 cases of experiments have been set and performed, namely, stepped solar still 1. Without NPCM, 2. With rectangular hybrid NPCM chambers, 3. With triangular hybrid NPCM chambers, and 4. With semi-circular hybrid NPCM chambers. To add the hours of the distillation process after sunset, the hybrid NPCM was applied. Cases 2 to 4 were experimented with under the permanent magnetic field, too. The daily productivity of Case 1, Case 2, Case 3, and Case 4 without magnetic field were 900 ml/day, 1580 ml/day, 1663 ml/day, and 1730 ml/day, respectively. The outputs indicated that Case 4 had the best accomplishment among all experiment cases. Case 4 of the experiment under the magnetic field yielded the highest daily efficiency of 15.6 %, whereas Case 1 only achieved 7 %. The daily productivity of the stepped solar still with semi-circular NPCM chamber, triangular NPCM chamber, and rectangular NPCM chamber has been enhanced by 92 %, 85 %, and 75 % without magnetic field and 131 %, 113 %, and 100 % under permanent magnetic field, respectively.

Finite element analysis of wire EDM process parameters on performance characteristics of Al–SiC hybrid composite with micro and nano reinforcements

Aluminum Hybrid Composites (AHC) microchannels find extensive applications in aerospace, refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC), microelectronics, automotive, biomedical, and marine industries due to their improved mechanical properties. The combination of lower density, high hardness, elevated thermal and electrical conductivity, superior elasticity, and heightened oxidizing ability at low temperatures makes machining aluminum hybrid composites challenging through orthogonal methods in an open environment. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the impact of various machining conditions to determine optimal parameter values for microchannel fabrication in aluminum hybrid composite materials. This study aims to identify the ideal machining parameters for Al–SiC micro-SiC nano hybrid composites using wire electrical discharge machining. Four distinct process parameters (pulse on time, gap voltage, wire tension, and wire feed rate) and two response parameters (material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR)) were considered for process optimization. Additionally, finite element modeling was conducted for the aforementioned process, and the results were compared with experimental outcomes. Single-variable optimization yielded maximum MRR at 125 tons (μs), 25 SV (volt), 12 WT (kgf), and 2 WFR (m/min), and minimum SR at 125 tons (μs), 10 SV (volt), 12 WT (kgf), and 4 WFR (m/min). Single-variable optimization for simulations resulted in maximum MRR at 125 tons (μs), 40 SV (volt), 4 WT (kgf), and 6 WFR (m/min), and minimum SR at 110 tons (μs), 10 SV (volt), 12 WT (kgf), and 2 WFR (m/min). Precise modeling aids in minimizing unnecessary machining, enabling exploration of a broader range of experimental results, thereby promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable machining practices.

Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 18 by synthesized AgCoFe2O4@Ch/AC: Recyclable, environmentally friendly, chemically stable, and cost-effective magnetic nano hybrid catalyst

Chitosan (Ch) is a linear biodegradable natural carbohydrate polymer and the most appealing biopolymer, such as low-cost biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and non-toxicity. In this case, Ch was utilized to synthesize AgCoFe2O4@Ch/Activated Carbon (AC) by the modified microwave-assisted co-precipitation method. The physical and chemical structure of magnetic nanocomposites was analyzed and characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (DRS), Value stream mapping (VSM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET. The effects of various parameters on the removal of dye (Acid Red18), including catalyst dose, dye concentration, pH, and time were studied. Results showed that the highest removal efficiencies were 96.68 % and 84 % for the synthetic sample and actual wastewater, respectively, in optimal conditions (pH: 3, the initial dye concentration: 10 mgL−1, the catalyst dose: 0.14 gL−1, time: 50 min). Mineralization, according to the COD analysis, was 89.56 %. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of Acid Red 18 followed pseudo-first order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood with constants of kc = 0.12 mg L−1 min−1 and KL-H = 0.115 Lmg−1. Synthesized photocatalytic AgCoFe2O4@Ch/AC showed high stability and after five recycling cycles was able to remove the pollutant with an efficiency of 85.6 %. So, the synthesized heterogenous magnetic nanocatalyst AgCoFe2O4@Ch/AC was easily recycled from aqueous solutions and it can be used in the removal of dyes from industries with high efficiency.

XGBoost Regression Analysis of Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Resin with Inorganic Hybrid Nanofillers

Our research described in this paper investigated the influence of varying weight percentages of a hybrid nano filler composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in an epoxy polymer composite. The dielectric properties were analyzed across a broadband frequency range. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to examine the structural changes and crystalline phases within the composite materials. The Influence of hybrid inorganic nano-fillers in the epoxy composite on the dielectric properties are discussed thoroughly in this report. To improve material design and prediction modeling, our research utilized machine learning algorithms, such as the XGBoost regressor. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of regression techniques in evaluating the material properties. By employing performance metrics, like R2 score and RMSE, the tests could achieve accuracies ranging from 30% to 60%. Simulation results demonstrated that machine learning-based methods can significantly expedite the forecasting of the dielectric properties, i.e. dielectric constant and dielectric loss at intermediate frequencies, thereby saving both time and energy.

Sustainable hybrid green nanofiller based on cellulose nanofiber for enhancing the properties of epoxy resin

Herein, a novel hybrid nano filler (CNF/cloisite 30B) for epoxy was designed and developed from cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and montmorillonite clay (cloisite 30B). The hybrid nanofiller has a morphology of exfoliated clay layers inside fibrous network of CNF as evident by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The crystallinity index of hybrid nanofiller was calculated as 17% from Segal equation. Upon incorporation of hybrid nanofiller, thermal, mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the epoxy was simultaneously increased. A surge in the impact strength (101%) was observed for epoxy/0.5 hybrid nanocomposites. Fracture toughness of the epoxy increases with the addition of hybrid nanofiller, 0.5 phr loading shows the maximum fracture toughness value. Besides this, inclusion of hybrid nanofiller makes the fracture surface of epoxy rougher as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A significant improvement in the glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed for the fabricated epoxy/hybrid nanocomposites. Compared to pristine epoxy, about 16% and 10% improvement in Tg was observed for 0.5 phr and 1.0 phr CNF/cloisite30 B hybrid loading, respectively. Well-dispersed hybrid nanofiller in the epoxy matrix and the resulting filler matrix interaction restrict the chain mobility by forming several constrained regions in the nanocomposites, which in turn enhances the glass transition temperature of the hybrid nanocomposites. Hybrid nanocomposites exhibited remarkable flame retardancy due to the formation of thick char layer and the reduction in the total heat released (THR) was 34% and 20% compared to neat epoxy resin. The current work ensures that the developed hybrid green filler can be a potential, low cost, and eco-friendly reinforcing agent for polymers.

Numerical study of heat and mass transfer of williamson hybrid nanofluid (CuO/CNT's-water) past a permeable stretching/shrinking surface with mixed convective boundary condition

The present paper deals with the hybrid nano fluid, for this we have used Single and Multi-wall carbon nano tubes along with CuO and Water. The inclined magneto-hydrodynamics is considered along with Hall effect, soret and dufour for the impact on Williamson fluid flowing through porous medium over stretching/shrinking lamina having suction and injection in consideration. Heat and mass convective boundaries are taken to solve the nonlinear problem using shooting method and bvp4c MATLAB solver. The study shows the comparison between nanofluid (Cuo-Water, SWCNT-Water and MWCNT-Water) and found that the hybrid carbon nanotubes possess excellent result in skin friction and local Nusselt number compared to the SWCNT-water and MWCNT-water.Then the effect of different parameters are analysed through graphical representation and data tables.