Hybrid Nanofluid Research Articles

Analysis of heat generation and viscous dissipation with thermal radiation on unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow over a sphere with double-stratification: Case of modified Buongiorno's model

PurposeThis work uses entropy generation analysis to numerically analyze magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) unsteady flow, heat and mass transfer. The study considers changing viscosity, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, mass suction, heat generation, and stratification processes in a hybrid nanofluid around a spinning sphere. A two-phase nanofluid flow model (Buongiorno model) is used to tackle the current challenge. Both the free stream velocity and the sphere's angular velocity changed over time. Design/methodology/approachThe case study's complicated partial differential equations are transformed into simpler ordinary differential equations utilizing similarity transformation. Implementing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with a shooting scheme in MATHEMATICA has allowed us to get numerical solutions for ordinary differential structures. FindingsThe many aspects of these regulated physical characteristics have been elucidated and thoroughly examined via the use of charts and tables. For increasing values of unsteadiness parameter, the velocity profiles in the x-direction grow while they decrease in the z-direction. On the other hand, the temperature profile exhibits a dual pattern, and the concentration profile decreases. As the chemical reaction parameter climbs from 0.25 to 1.0, the Sherwood number for the nanofluid rises by 6721.39% and for the hybrid nanofluid, 3818.9%. When Nr increases from 0.2 to 0.8, nanofluid Nusselt number climbs 22.5% and hybrid nanofluid's Nusselt number rises 21.9%. The Brinkmann number and nanoparticle volume percentage are strongly associated with entropy production. Entropy generation is dual for the temperature difference, magnetic, radiation, and changeable viscosity parameters. The findings are also compared to those from the existing literature and are in excellent agreement with them.

Chemical enhanced oil recovery using carbonized ZIF-67 MOFs and sulfonated copolymers at high reservoir temperatures

Traditional nanoparticle and polymer-based enhanced oil recovery methods face challenges such as nanoparticle agglomeration and polymer adsorption, particularly at elevated reservoir temperatures. This study introduces hybrid polymeric nanofluids, combining carbonized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) with sulfonated copolymers to address these issues. Viscosity tests were conducted at 25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, and 90 °C, revealing a 39.67 % increase in viscosity at 90 °C, attributed to electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. For subsequent analyses—stability, adsorption, and core flooding—75 °C was selected as the representative high reservoir temperature. Stability assessments, confirmed via UV–Vis spectroscopy, demonstrated nanofluid durability over at least seven days. Carbonized ZIF-67 reduced polymer adsorption on rock surfaces, enhancing oil recovery and reducing environmental impact. Dynamic core flooding experiments showed a 45.8 % improvement in oil recovery by the hybrid nanofluid on carbonate rock samples. The hybrid nanofluid increased RF and RRF, improving the mobility ratio and redirecting flow to lower-permeability zones, reducing unswept oil and enhancing macroscopic sweep efficiency. Winsor Type III emulsification during the post-flooding phase of polymer-nanoparticle injection significantly improved trapped oil mobilization. Reduced contact angles from 170° to 100° altered the wettability, enhancing oil recovery. Carbonized ZIF-67 nanoparticles increased viscous forces, reduced capillary forces, and minimized polymer adsorption. The polymeric nanofluid achieved a capillary number of 1.0 × 10−3, two orders higher than that of polymer alone, resulting in superior performance. Injectivity optimization showed shear rates of 15.9 s−1 in 1700 mD cores and 79.8 s−1 in 80 mD cores, causing pressure drops of 15 psi and 1200 psi, respectively. This highlights injectivity challenges in 80 mD cores, while cores ≥ 290 mD are ideal for our polymer-nanoparticle hybrid applications.

Artificial neural networking for computational assessment of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow caused by a stretching sheet: implications of machine-learning approach

Researchers are mainly interested in using soft computing artificial intelligence (AI) methods due to their broad applications in analysis, modelling and simulations. Backpropagation neural networks, one of the supervised learning algorithms, is commonly used to train data networks by optimizing the error between actual and predicted values. To optimize this process of training data, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied; particularly beneficial for solving nonlinear fluid flow problems. Little knowledge is known about the ternary-hybrid nanofluid flow caused by a stretching surface with heat generation, viscous dissipation, magnetic effect and porosity etc. This article presents a novel machine-learning approach using backpropagation neural networks augmented with the Levenberg-Marquardt procedure to figure out the ternary-hybrid nanofluid flow generated by a stretching sheet. It uniquely examines the mixture of copper, Iron oxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles inside a single base fluid within a magnetic field, tackling the research gaps in the effects of heat generation, viscous dissipation, porosity, and magnetic effects on fluid flow system and heat transfer. Shooting numerical technique (RK-5th) is used for solving the governing ordinary equations. Graphical illustration, error analysis, mean squared error, histograms and regression analysis justify the proposed method, showing better performance for ternary nanofluids.

Influence of couple stress, radiation, and activation energy on MHD flow and entropy generation in Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow over a flat plate

Countless engineering applications rely on heat and mass transportation technologies. Limitations in thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity are common in conventional fluids. Nanofluids, which are essentially base fluids with nanoparticles suspended in them, have superior thermal characteristics than base fluids without the nanoparticles. Maxwell hybrid nanofluids have the potential to improve mass and heat transport even further by combining the characteristics of two different types of nanoparticles. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transmission properties of a Maxwell hybrid nanofluid through a flat plate are investigated in this work. The novelty of this research lies in its exploration of the combined impressions of couple stress and activation energy on the flow behaviour. The equations governing the problem undergo transformation and are handled by means of the bvp4c solver. The vital discoveries disclose that the nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field strength act as opposing forces to fluid velocity. And also, it is detected that the friction coefficient rises by 2.68% as the value of volume fraction of copper nanoparticles ranges from 0 to 0.105. It is found that there is a decrement of 29.7% in the heat transmission rate when the values of Eckert number lie between 0 and 0.6. It is observed that the reaction rate and activation energy parameters play opposite roles against fluid concentration. It is discovered that the entropy generation increases with factors that enhance friction and heat dissipation (Maxwell and Brinkman parameters). The results show that the Sherwood number drops 4.4% when the activation energy parameter is set to values between 0 and 3.

Cattaneo-christov heat flux theory in tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluids with thermal radiation for renewable energy applications

The aim of current paper is to explore the dynamics of Tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a stretchy surface, combined effect of thermal radiation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux effects also incorporated in the energy equation. Hybrid nanofluids are advanced class of nanofluid have several engineering applications due to their enhanced thermal, electrical, and rheological properties. Here we developed a mathematical model for two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid containing particles copper (Cu) and alumina oxide (Al2O3) suspended with base fluid H2O. Variable viscosity and viscous dissipation aspect also amalgamated in the present study. After applying the dimensionless variables, the governing PDE's are converted into ODE's. The numerical computations are performed with the help of MATLAB software. The most important outcomes predefined pertinent parameters like magnetic parameter, Weissenberg number, relaxation time, thermal radiation parameter, prosperity parameter, convective parameter, Prandtl number, heat source parameter, Eckert number, on velocity and temperature profile are thoroughly examined graphically and physically. There occur increment in the temperature profile of hybrid nanofluid than regular nanofluid. Also over current outcomes shows close agreement for a particular cases.

Analogical elucidation of dusty‐hybrid nanofluid flow through the microchannel: An unsteady case

AbstractThis work is the exploration of unsteady flow of dusty fluid in the horizontal microchannel when the channel plates are susceptible to linear radiation. The flow of the dusty fluid is in the existence of magnetic field. Along with dusty fluid, there are immersions of two different types of nanoparticles namely ferrous oxide and silver . The study gives the comparison of nanofluid phase with dusty fluid phase; hybrid nanofluid phase with dusty fluid phase separately. The modeled partial differential equations are non‐dimensionalized and pdsolve command of Maple software tackles these formed partial differential equations directly. Comparative study of nanofluid‐dusty fluid and hybrid nanofluid‐dusty fluid for the flow in microchannel is to elucidate the fact of heat transfer enhancement upon appropriate insertion of nanoparticles in the base fluid; especially the nanoparticles possessing paramagnetic effect for the better performance on the application of the magnetic field. Results deduce that the fluid flow and heat transmission are known to progress with time. Also, the fluid phase is known to reach the steady state earlier than the dust phase. The nanoparticle volume fraction is known to deplete the temperature in both the hybrid fluid phase and nanofluid phase. The particle concentration parameter diminishes the velocity profile, both for fluid phase and dust phase.

Experimental and machine learning study on the influence of nanoparticle size and pulsating flow on heat transfer performance in nanofluid-jet impingement cooling

Maximizing heat transfer efficiency is crucial for enhancing performance and durability in diverse engineering applications, including fuel cells, EV batteries, and solar PV/T systems, thereby advancing sustainable energy innovation. This study investigates thermal dissipation from a simulated heat sink aligned with a PV cell’s back plate via jet impingement cooling. Specifically, it examines the impacts of pulsatile cooling and nanoparticle size in hybrid nanofluids, comprising combinations of Al2O3 and MWCNT in water, with varied nanofluid volume fraction (0.05 vol% ≤ ɸ ≤ 0.3 vol%) and flow Reynolds number (15000 < Re < 40000). Key findings reveal significant influences of nanoparticle size, nanofluid concentration, and pulsating flow on heat transfer performance. Notably, sample D demonstrated the highest heat transfer enhancement, achieving approximately 52.94 % and 79.06 % improvement in continuous and pulsating jet cooling compared to de-ionized water under continuous jet cooling. Machine learning classifiers were employed to identify critical thermal performance parameters, with Reynolds number identified as the most significant factor influencing heat transfer. Random Forest and Gradient Boosting classifiers showed notable accuracy in predicting Nu, emphasizing the role of machine learning techniques in optimizing thermal management strategies for improved heat dissipation from solar PV cell backplates.

Numerical simulation of an unsteady ternary hybrid nanofluid along a convectively heated curved stretching sheet: A Tiwari-Das model

Nanofluids are smart fluids, which are very useful for heat and mass transfer enhancement. They are very much used in industrial, transportation, biomedical, and electronics fields. In the present research, we examine the nanofluid flow across a curved stretching sheet (CSS). Also, this work’s noteworthy originality is its discussion of the impacts of the physical parameters on the ternary hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer. Furthermore, the simulation considers nanofluids with water as the base fluid. The Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model examines the viscosity and effective thermal conductivity of fluid flow with suspended nanoparticles. The governing equations of the momentum and the temperature are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity transformations. These equations are then solved using a Secant iteration method combined with a Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) integration scheme with a shooting technique. Through graphs and tables, the influences of the relevant non-dimensional parameters are presented and analyzed. The findings show that an increase in the curvature parameter and the Biot number is to increase the temperature gradient. The Streamline profiles for various values of the magnetic parameter are also analyzed through figures. We believe that this research has significant implications in biomedical devices and pharmaceutical fluid preparation in biomedical sciences. Some of them are high temperature and cooling processes, paints, space technology, medicines, cosmetics, conductive coatings, bio-sensors, and to name a few.

Repercussion of quadratic density variation on nonlinear mixed convective Darcy–Forchhimer Al2O3, Cu\\EG flow over an inclined plate with exponential heat source and Arrhenius equation

Generating and controlling energy at high temperatures is extremely challenging in solar energy applications with hybrid nanofluids (HNFs). This challenge is tackled with nonlinear changes in density with temperature and concentration. Hence, a nonlinear Boussinesq approximation is taken on Darcy – Forchhimer hybrid flow containing aluminium oxide ( A l 2 O 3 ) and copper ( Cu ) nanoparticles with base fluid Ethylene Glycol (EG) over an inclined plate at an angle of ξ = π 6 . The physical model is supported by a space-based exponential heat source (EHS) along with a temperature-based heat source (THS) in the energy equation and Arrhenius equation in diffusion relation with suction and blowing on the wall. The regulating equations are transformed into standard differential equations using the similarity conversions, and these equations are subsequently solved in MAPLE 2022. The thermal field is affected positively by EHS and THS parameters, which fulfil the purpose of including these parameters in the flow model. The rate of heat transport increment for Q E parameter by 1.04% for HNF whereas 1.06% for NF when Su > 0 . Also, Su < 0 heat transfer rate increases by 3.68% for HNF whereas 3.75% for NF. As A l 2 O 3 , Cu ∖EG HNF move from suction to injection, the Nusselt number reduces by more than 50%.

On the thermal performance of a three-dimensional cross-ternary hybrid nanofluid over a wedge using a Bayesian regularization neural network approach

Abstract Significance Studying the flow of ternary nanofluids [Ag, Cu, MoS2] holds significant importance in both science and engineering. Ternary nanofluids are vital in advancing thermal management systems, heat exchangers, aerospace, and materials processing applications. Purpose This study investigates the ternary hybrid Carreau nanofluid numerically for thermal proficiency in the inclined magnetized environment. In this study, three distinct nanoparticles of [Ag, Cu, MoS2] and base fluid water over the wedge are used. The velocity of nanofluids is judged under the influence of an inclined magnetic field, and the thermal performance is scrutinized by incorporating the thermal radiation effect. Methodology The physical problem generates partial differential equations, which are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity variables. These ODEs are linearized into a system of ODEs and then passed under the bvp4c Matlab program to get the solution. This solution is again trained by an artificial neural network, and further results are obtained with both schemes and compared. Findings The most rapid heat transport analysis is found for ternary hybrid nanofluids compared to bi-hybrid nanofluids. The thermal radiation parameters and the magnetic environment augment the rate of heat transport.

Double diffusive convection of hybrid nanofluids in porous enclosures: impact of aspect ratio

Double diffusive convection of hybrid nanofluids in porous enclosures: impact of aspect ratio

Photothermal Conversion Performance of Fe3O4/ATO Hybrid Nanofluid for Direct Absorption Solar Collector

In order to enhance the efficiency of direct absorption solar collectors, this study carried out an experimental analysis about the optical and photothermal conversion performance of Fe3O4, ATO (Antimony-doped tin oxide), and Fe3O4/ATO nanofluids with a total concentration of 0.1 wt%. According to the results of the experiments, Fe3O4 nanofluid outperforms ATO nanofluid in terms of optical absorption; nevertheless, at wavelengths shorter than 600 nm, it also shows significant scattering reflection. The solar-weighted absorption coefficient of Fe3O4/ATO nanofluid rose from 0.863 (mFe3O4/mTotal = 0.2) to 0.932 (mFe3O4/mTotal = 0.8) when the optical path length increased from 0.01 m to 0.06 m. Moreover, the Fe3O4/ATO hybrid nanofluid achieved a photothermal conversion efficiency of 0.932 when the mass ratio of Fe3O4 to total mass was 0.2, surpassing the efficiencies of 0.892 and 0.898 recorded for 0.1 wt% ATO and Fe3O4 nanofluids, respectively. When present together, the opposing optical characteristics of Fe3O4 and ATO boost photothermal conversion performance, which is anticipated to raise the efficiency of direct absorption solar collectors.

Novel magnetic hybrid bio-mixture with two types of nano powders for the targeted drug delivery systems: Characterize, prepare, stability, ultra-sonicated and the thermal management

By systematically evaluating the thermal conductivity (TC) and viscosity of Fe₃O₄ + TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ + ZnO nanofluids, this study aims to identify key differences in their performance and behavior, particularly in biomedical applications. The investigation is conducted in a simulated body fluid (SBF) to closely replicate physiological conditions, providing a realistic assessment of their potential for use in hyperthermia therapy and targeted drug delivery. The study employs X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the crystal structure and chemical composition of the nanomaterials, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterizes the size, shape, and dispersion of nanoparticles within the fluid matrix. The results indicated that Fe₃O₄ + ZnO exhibits superior thermal conductivity, whereas Fe₃O₄ + TiO₂ shows higher viscosity due to its tendency to form denser aggregates. These findings are crucial for selecting the appropriate nanofluid formulation for specific biomedical applications. Additionally, the study highlights that the observed differences in thermal and rheological behavior between the two hybrid nanofluids could be leveraged to tailor them for optimized performance in different therapeutic contexts. Ultimately, this comparative analysis offers valuable insights into the design and development of magnetic hybrid bio-nanofluids (BNs), guiding future research efforts toward their potential optimization for cutting-edge biomedical technologies.

Entropy generation minimization and activation energy in magneto-thermo-solutal stratified Ellis hybrid nanofluid flow through a stretching stenotic artery: Insights into cardiovascular disease

This article explores the impact of binary chemical reactions with activation energy on the flow of magnetized mono and hybrid nanofluids within a porous artery under the effects of viscous dissipation, nonlinear thermal radiation, and Joule heating. The main novelty of this study lies in considering a non-Newtonian Ellis fluid model of blood through a stretching stenotic artery consisting of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Additionally, velocity slip, convective temperature, and concentration boundary conditions are applied at the arterial surface. The proposed model compares the performance of Ag/Blood nanofluid and Au-Ag/Blood hybrid nanofluid models. The governing equations are solved using the bvp4c built-in solver in MATLAB, which employs advanced numerical techniques and algorithms tailored for BVPs, ensuring quicker convergence with minor errors and accurate solutions. Graphs are plotted for concentration, temperature, velocity, entropy minimization, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for various physical parameters. The results show that with increased nonlinear thermal radiation (0.1≤Nr≤2.0), thermal Biot number (0.1≤Bi1≤0.3), and Eckert number (0.01≤Ec≤0.2), the thermal distribution profile exhibits a rising trend. In contrast, with increasing fluctuations in the chemical reaction rate parameter (0.1≤Rc≤0.3) and Schmidt number (1.0≤Sc≤3.0), the concentration distribution profile exhibits a decreasing trend. In terms of mass and heat transfer efficiency, the Au-Ag/Blood hybrid nanofluid flow outperforms the Ag/Blood nanofluid model. More entropy is observed for Au-Ag/Blood compared to Ag/Blood in the stenotic artery. Heat energy may be created by targeting the injured area and avoiding harm to nearby tissues. Localized heating can widen arteries and increase blood flow to the affected locations, potentially aiding cardiovascular health management and personalized therapy. This study has various implications for the design of drug delivery systems, biophysical models, innovative materials, and our knowledge of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. However, nanofluid/hybrid nanofluid stability is challenging for current researchers since this modeled flow can be considered over a shrinking artery or in the trihybrid model in future studies.

Smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip impacts on magneto-radiative Fe 3 O 4-Al 2 O 3-Cu/H 2 O tri-hybrid nanofluid flow over a shrinking surface with entropy generation: a stability performance

ABSTRACT This investigation aims to find entropy production and to determine the existence of a dual solution in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thermal radiative tri-hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially shrinking surface by considering suction effects at the surface. Furthermore, the effects of Smoluchowski temperature and Maxwell velocity slip are considered. The products on various flow fields are examined for three different types of fluid: mono nanofluid ( F e 3 O 4 / H 2 O ), hybrid nanofluid ( F e 3 O 4 - A l 2 O 3 / H 2 O ), and tri-hybrid nanofluid ( F e 3 O 4 - A l 2 O 3 - Cu / H 2 O ). The similarity transformation translates the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical MATLAB function bvp4c is utilized to construct and solve governing higher-order nonlinear ODEs. A tabular and graphical analysis is conducted on the impact of emergent factors on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and entropy generation. The acceptable parameter ranges for the computation are as follows: 0.01 < ϕ 1 < 0.1 , 0.01 < ϕ 2 < 0.1 , 0.01 < ϕ 3 < 0.1 , − 0.7 < ξ < 1.6 , 2.0 < S < 3.0 , 0.0 < M < 0.2 , 0.5 < Nr < 1.5 , 0.1 < ω < 0.5 , and 0.1 < ε < 0.5 . Due to the contraction of the surface, dual solutions are found, but dual solutions cannot be found beyond the critical values. The critical values ξ λ are − 1.44285 , − 1.44804 , and 1.51550 for mono nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid, and tri-hybrid nanofluid, respectively. Including A l 2 O 3 and Cu nanoparticles inside F e 3 O 4 nanoparticles containing nanofluid depicted an accelerating effect on skin friction and Nusselt number rates. The skin friction coefficient and heat transference rate in both the solution branches improved as the suction parameter S was increased. It has been demonstrated that the fluid’s temperature is enlarged by the thermal radiation parameter Nr and increasing nanoparticle volume fractions ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 . However, the temperature is reduced greatly by the suction parameter S and Smoluchowski temperature slip parameter ε . Since dual solutions are present, stability analysis is performed by finding the minimum eigenvalue. A positive minimum eigenvalue ( β 1 ) denotes the upper stable solution branch, whereas a minimal eigenvalue that is negative indicates the bottom branch is unstable. The entropy of the flow was found to increase with thermal radiation parameter Nr and magnetic field parameter M in a physically stable solution. Still, it decreased with a higher nanoparticle volume fraction ( ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 ). The current optimization technique offers a new and beneficial insight through numerous applications in various fields, i.e. polymer engineering, extrusion of polymer, plastic sheet compression, glass production, fiber, metallic furnace, medicine, and the field of biomedical technology.

Investigation of thermal properties of ethylene glycol-based Williamson hybrid-nanofluid over stretchable/shrinking flat plate and their effects on solar panels

The global requirement for sustainable energy supply to enhance industrial productivity and reduce production costs has focused researchers’ attention to renewable energy in recent years. Solar energy mitigates the dangers connected with the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation. This work is set to evaluate the heat transmission capacities of Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow across a flat plate with viscous dissipation and heat source. The mathematical model explaining the flow interaction of Williamson hybrid nanofluid, combining viscous dissipation, heat source, and temperature-variation thermal conductivity and viscosity, is created using conservation laws. The specified system of non-linear coupled partial differential equations undergoes non-similarity transformation. The resulting non-dimensional model is solved using the bivariate spectral weighted residual method. The accuracy of the method is proven by comparing obtained results with those in the literature, and a good agreement is observed. Graphs are utilized to explain the thermophysical properties that are being considered. The results show that the fluid temperature rises when there is a source of heating and viscous dissipation. The velocity and the fluid parameter (We) have an inverse connection, whereas the temperature of the fluid has the opposite impact. Moreover, when nanoparticles are present, the thermal boundary layer rises along with the nanoparticles, thickening the velocity boundary layer and decreasing fluid velocity. Findings also show that for the Vd∈[0.1,0.5], the skin drag force and Nusselt number retard by 0.64%,14.06% for the shrinking sheet and 0.21%,6.57% for the stretching sheet respectively. In the same vein, an 100% surge in the porosity parameter escalate the skin friction coefficient by 19.13% and 26.91% and the Nusselt number by 4.92% and 2.06% respectively for both the contracting and elastic sheet. The findings in the research will provide more insight in the design and improvement of solar panel plate efficiency.

Paradigm on Levenberg–Marquardt neural algorithm analysis of heat conduction optimization for ternary hybrid nanofluid with entropy generation

AbstractThe significance of the present article is to enhance the thermal management and energy efficiency of complex engineering infrastructures such as energy storage systems, modern electric vehicles, thermal insulations, heavy‐duty machinery, and production units. This research aims to understand the intricate relationship between the thermal conductivity performance of ternary () hybrid nanomaterial and entropy generation to optimize material design and efficacy. A synergetic combination of three distinct nanomaterials silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, and titanium oxide with ethylene glycol and water in the ratio 3:2 as a base solvent is comprised of contributing unique thermophysical properties. To elucidate the impact of this hybrid composition on thermal conductivity, various factors are analyzed. The advanced computational technique of Artificial intelligent feed‐forward neural network (AIFFNN) is utilized. The problem governed the system of PDEs, which is transformed into ODEs by dimensionless similarity. Adams method provided the dataset which is filtered and embedded into Marquardt–Levenberg Algorithm (LMA). The study examines the role of nanomaterial constituents, morphology, and boundary conditions on thermal performance and entropy generation. Graphical analysis of velocity, temperature, and entropy is provided with respect to varying parameters, including surface absorption (λ), magnetic strength (Tesla M), radiation parameter (Rd), Brownian motion (Br), and Eckert number (Ec). The findings have practical significance for optimizing material design in engineering and industrial applications.

Dual characteristics of mixed convection flow of three-particle aqueous nanofluid upon a shrinking porous plate

Purpose This study aims to analyze the thermo-hydrodynamic characteristics for the mixed convection boundary layer flow of three-particle aqueous nanofluid on a shrinking porous plate with the influences of thermal radiation and magnetic field. Design/methodology/approach The basic equations have been normalized with the help of similarity transformations. The obtained equations have been solved numerically using the shooting method in conjunction with the sixth-order Runge–Kutta technique. Numerical results for the velocity and temperature are illustrated with varying relevant parameters. Findings The results reveal that the local drag coefficient increases with higher values of the magnetic field parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and suction parameter. On the other hand, boosting the radiation parameter and nanoparticle concentration notably enhances heat transfer. Furthermore, it is noted that the suction parameter and magnetic field parameter both lead to an increase in velocity and promote the occurrence of dual solutions within the problem conditions. Research limitations/implications The limitations are that the model is appropriate for thermal equilibrium of base fluid and nanoparticles, and constant thermo-physical properties. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has taken an attempt to predict the flow and heat transfer characteristics of unsteady mixed convection ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a shrinking sheet, particularly under the influence of magnetic field and radiation. The findings obtained here may hold particular significance for those interested in the underlying theoretical and practical implications.

Model development and heat transfer characteristics in renewable energy systems conveying hybrid nanofluids subject to nonlinear thermal radiation

PurposeIn today’s world, the demand for energy to power industrial and domestic activities is increasing. To meet this need and enhance thermal transport, solar energy conservation can be tapped into via solar collector coating for thermal productivity. Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs), which combine nanoparticles with conventional heat transfer fluids, offer promising opportunities for improving the efficiency and sustainability of renewable energy systems. Thus, this paper explores fluid modeling application techniques to analyze and optimize heat transfer enhancement using HNFs. A model comprising solar energy radiation with nanoparticles of copper (Cu) and alumina oxide (Al2O3) suspended in water (H2O) over an extending material device is developed.Design/methodology/approachThe model is formulated using conservation laws to build relevant equations, which are then solved using the Galerkin numerical technique simulated via Maple software. The computational results are displayed in various graphs and tables to showcase the heat transfer mechanism in the system.FindingsThe results reveal the thermal-radiation-boost heat transfer phenomenon in the system. The simulations of the theoretical fluid models can help researchers understand how HNFs facilitate heat transfer in renewable energy systems.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is in exploring the heat transfer properties within renewable energy systems using HNFs under the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation.

Significance of magnetic field and Darcy–Forchheimer law on dynamics of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning disc with Arrhenius activation energy and shape factor

Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore the three-dimensional heat and mass transport dynamics of the magneto-hydrodynamic non-Newtonian (Casson fluid) hybrid nanofluid flow comprised of − as nanoparticles suspended in base liquid water as it passes through a flexible spinning disc. The influence of a magnetic field, rotation parameter, porosity, Darcy−Forchheimer, Arrhenius’s activation energy, chemical reaction, Schmidt number and nanoparticle shape effects are substantial physical features of the investigation. Furthermore, the influence of hybrid nanofluid on Brownian motion and thermophoresis features has been represented using the Buongiorno model. The novelty of the work is intended to contribute to a better understanding of Casson non-Newtonian fluid boundary layer flow. Design/methodology/approach The governing mathematical equations that explain the flow and heat and mass transport phenomena for fluid domains include the Navier−Stokes equation, the thermal energy equation and the solutal concentration equations. The governing equations are expressed as partial differential equations, which are then converted into a suitable set of non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the necessary similarity variables. The ordinary differential equations are computed by combining the shooting operation with the three-stage Lobatto BVP4c technique. Findings Graphs and tables are used in the process of analysing the characteristics of velocity distributions, temperature profiles and solutal curves at varying values of the parameters, along with friction drag, heat transfer rate and Sherwood number. It has been revealed that the radial and axial velocities decrease when the Casson parameter value increases and that the rate of heat transmission is higher in hybrid nanofluids with nanoparticles in the shape of a blade. The increase in Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters causes a rise in the temperature profile. Also, an increase in the activation energy parameter improves the solutal curve. The use of nanoparticles was shown to improve extrusion properties, the rotary heat process and biofuel generation. Originality/value All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated. The current results are compared to previous investigations and found to agree significantly with them.