Hybrid Maize Genotypes Research Articles

Performance evaluation of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan region of Africa

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food for many people in Burkina Faso. The cultivation of maize hybrid genotypes plays a crucial role in increasing maize production and productivity. Feeding the growing population of the country, expected to reach thirty million by 2035, using hybrid genotypes of maize is a challenge. The objective of this study was to identify the hybrid maize genotypes having a best adaptability in the agro-ecological context of Burkina Faso. Nine (09) hybrid maize genotypes were evaluated during the 2018/2019 cropping season, in nine locations of the country characterized by a rainfall varying between 800 and 1200 mm. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that grain yield of the hybrids varied depending on the genotype nature and the cropping environment. The use of hybrid maize significantly increased the grain yield per hectare in maize production. Among the tested hybrid maize genotypes, SD1 (9.054 tons ha−1), SD3 (7.683 tons ha−1), and SD6 (9.385 tons ha−1) significantly presented higher yields. Based on the grain yield, the best growing environments of hybrid maize are NEBOUM1, BAMA and SOUNGALODAGO. The best genotypes for most of the environments are the hybrids of pure line varieties. The heritability was more than 80 % for all the studied yield traits.

Selection of Maize Hybrids Resulting from Line × Tester Crossing Tolerant to Drought Stress

Efforts to enhance maize productivity in regions like Madura Island, Indonesia, plagued by low yields due to drought stress, necessitate the development of resilient and high-yielding maize hybrids. Employing the line x tester method represents a promising approach to breed varieties tolerant to drought stress. This study aims to identify drought-tolerant maize hybrids derived from line x tester crosses. The research utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 40 genotypes replicated three times, totaling 120 experimental units. Drought stress was imposed following the CIMMYT method, wherein irrigation was provided at field capacity from 0 to 40 days after planting (DAP) at 10-day intervals, while drought stress commenced from 50 DAP until harvest. Under optimal conditions, irrigation occurred every 10 days until 80 DAP. Key observation parameters included plant height, days to 50% tasselling, harvest age, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, kernel weight per plant, 1000-kernel weight, and production per hectare. Results indicated several adaptive hybrid maize genotypes for both normal and drought conditions, as discerned by the Stress Tolerance Index (STI), including G2, G12, G13, G14, and G15. Moreover, hybrids G2, G18, G19, G21, and G24 exhibited notable drought tolerance based on the Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI). These findings underscore the potential of employing the line x tester method in breeding resilient maize hybrids tailored to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress, thereby fostering agricultural sustainability in resource-constrained environments like Madura Island.

Evaluating agronomic traits and selection of low N-tolerant maize hybrids in Indonesia

<p>Nitrogen is one of the macro elements that maize needs. Nitrogen deficiency will affect maize's growth and grain yield. This study aimed to determine hybrid maize's growth, grain yield, and tolerance to low N conditions. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Cereal Testing Instrument Standard Institute in Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from July to November 2022. A nested design was applied with eleven hybrid maize genotypes and three N fertilization levels (N0 = 0 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>, N1 = 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>, and N2 = 200 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) as treatments, replicated three times. Growth and grain yield traits were measured. An analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of fertilization level on growth. Eberhart and Russell stability analysis and the Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were used to determine hybrid maize tolerance and yield stability across the three fertilization levels. The findings indicated that the reduction in nitrogen fertilizer level affected maize agronomic performance and yield reduction. HLN 09 exhibited a mean yield of 7.68 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, surpassing the overall hybrid mean of 7.21 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. HLN 09 also demonstrated moderate stress tolerance at N2-N1, N2-N0, and N1-N0 and was characterized as a stable hybrid with regression coefficient (bi) = 0.99 and deviation from regression (s<sup>2</sup>di) = -0.22. The HLN 09 maize hybrid was a hybrid maize with good tolerance to low N conditions and high stability and yield.</p>

Yield Component Evaluation of Hybrid Maize Genotypes Applied with Cattle Manure Compost

Yield Component Evaluation of Hybrid Maize Genotypes Applied with Cattle Manure Compost

Evaluation of agronomic and grain yield of elite hybrids maize in south-western Nigeria

The poor grain yield of maize obtained among Nigeria small holder farmers has been an issue leading to the continuous development of maize genotypes with the aim of improving yield in the farmers’ in order to improve the household income. Evaluation of the agronomic and grain yield of some of th4 elite hybrids maize was conducted with the aim to determine their performance in order to ascertain their suitability for the south-western agro-ecology of Nigeria. Three elites hybrid maize genotypes groups made up of 30 entries of early white and yellow maize (Elite 1), 36 entries of early white maize, 36 entries of late/intermediate maturing (Elite 3) and 24 entries of open pollinated (OPV) were evaluated at the teaching and research farm of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria in two late cropping seasons of 2019 to 2020. The treatments were laid out in a randomized incomplete block design (lattice design) with three replications in each season. Data were obtained on agronomic (plant height, ear height, stem lodge, root lodge plant aspect, ear aspect and husk cover), grain yield and yield components (ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row). It was noted that 6 entries from early maturing white and yellow elites (Elite 1), two from early maturing white elites (Elite 2), one from late/ intermediate elites (Elite 3) and one from the open pollinated varieties (OPV) genotypes showed superior agronomic character while one of Elite 1 and 9 of Elite 2 genotypes showed most superior yield character across seasons. Genotypes EWH114(E1), EWH110(E1), EYTWH-9(E2) were observed to be stable and showed superior performance in agronomic character and grain yield. These genotypes are to be advocated for growth and grain yield.

Correlation and Path Analysis Maize Hybrid Yield

The yield was a complex quantitative character. It was due to many other characters being related to yield. This study aimed to determine the correlation between agronomic characters in maize and the characters that affect the yield of hybrid maize. This experiment was conducted at the Bajeng IP2TP, Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Gowa, South Sulawesi from March to June 2022. The treatments consisted of ten hybrid maize genotypes. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The variables observed were the agronomic component and yield component. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between characters, and the characters that affected the grain yield were determined by path analysis. The results showed the characters leaf length, leaf width, harvested plant number, harvested ear number, harvested ear weight, shelling percentage, ear length, ear diameter, kernel number per row and 1000 grains weight have a significant correlation to yield. Characters that affected to maize yields were harvested ear weight, shelling percentage and grain moisture.

Leaf Color Chart (LCC)-Based Precision Nitrogen Management for Assessing Phenology, Agrometeorological Indices and Sustainable Yield of Hybrid Maize Genotypes under Temperate Climate

Excessive nitrogenous fertilization in years resulted in larger nitrogen and profit losses. This problem can be reduced by using need-based and time-specific nitrogen management. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out during the Kharif season of 2019 and 2020 in order to evaluate the impact of precision nitrogen management on the phenology, yield and agrometeorological indices of hybrid maize genotypes at the Agronomy Research Farm, FoA Wadura, Sopore, SKUAST-Kashmir. The experiment was carried out in split-plot design consisting of maize hybrids (Shalimar Maize Hybrid-2 Vivek-45 and Kanchan-517) as main plot treatments and precision nitrogen management (T1: Control, T2: Recommended N, T3: 25% N as basal ≤ LCC 3@20 kg N ha−1, T4: 25% N as basal ≤ LCC 3@30 kg N ha−1, T5: 25% N as basal ≤ LCC 4@20 kg N ha−1, T6: 25% N as basal ≤ LCC 4@30 kg N ha−1, T7: 25% N as basal ≤ LCC 5@20 kg N ha−1 and T8: 25% N as basal ≤ LCC 5@30 kg N ha−1) as sub-plot treatments. Results demonstrated that maize hybrids showed a non-significant difference in attaining different phenophases during both years. However, Shalimar Maize Hybrid-2 demonstrated higher grain (62.35 and 60.65 q ha−1) and biological yield (170.26 and 165.86 q ha−1), a higher number of days to attain different phenological stages in comparison to Vivek-45 and Kanchan-517 thereby achieved higher heat units, PTUs, HTUs, PTI. The application of nitrogen through LCC ≤ 5@30 kg N ha−1 noted higher grain yield (61.27 and 59.13 q ha−1) and biological yield (171.30 and 166.13 q ha−1) during 2019 and 2020 respectively. Higher values of Growing degree days (GDD), Heliothermal units (HTU), Photothermal units (PTU), Phenothermal index (PTI), heat use efficiency (HUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were observed in the application of nitrogen through LCC ≤ 5@30 kg N ha−1 and required the highest number of days to reach different phenophases than other treatments during crop growing seasons of 2019 and 2020. The results demonstrated that Nitrogen application based on LCC ≤ 5@30 proved effective and should be adopted in maize hybrids especially in Shalimar Maize Hybrid-2 to attain higher yield under the temperate climate of Kashmir Valley.

Co-rotating extrusion cooking impact on product characteristics using hulled kodo millet and hybrid maize flour.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is adamant in developing countries especially affecting pregnant women and children. Popular maize hybrid (CO6) contains higher β-carotene concentration (923µg/100g), is considered one of the prominent and cheapest sources of provitamin A for humans, to alleviate VAD. The present research explored an adequate combination of hulled Kodo millet, a valuable food source for diabetics with limiting carotenoid content (0.17µg/100g) and biofortified hybrid maize genotypes (CO6) in ratio 70:30. Studies on process loss of total carotenoids (273.17-388.65µg/100g) without affecting the expansion index (2.06-4.46), piece density (254.06-585.62 kgm-3), browning index (47.25-88.38%), and hardness (13.21-67.59N) characteristics under the influence of feed moisture 12.5-17.5%, wet basis, die temperature 150-180°C and screw speed 420-470rpm was evaluated in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, following a five-level three-factor central composite rotatable design. The investigated physical and total carotenoid contents alteration upon extrusion cooking will add a scientific knowledge base to produce healthier breakfast cereals with acceptable technological and nutritional characteristics.

Calcareousness on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Hybrid Maize Genotypes—an In Vitro Study

Calcareousness on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Hybrid Maize Genotypes—an In Vitro Study

Selection of several hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under low nitrogen condition

Low soil N nutrient content is a limiting factor in efforts to increase the maize production. Hybrid maize varieties are generally very responsive to fertilization and have high yields in optimal environments in contrast to abiotic stress conditions such as low nitrogen. Therefore, it is necessary to develop hybrid maize with low N tolerance by genotyping at low N fertilization conditions. This research aims to obtain hybrid maize genotypes tolerant to low nitrogen with high production and to determine characters that have high heritability values. The research was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Cereals Plant Research Institute, Bajeng Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with the main plot is dose of nitrogen (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha) while subplots were hybrid maize genotypes consisted of 12 genotypes and 3 comparative varieties (Nasa 29, Bisi 18, and Jakarin 1). The results show that the hybrid genotype tolerant to low nitrogen with high production were AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9 genotypes in the treatment without nitrogen fertilization and AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 32-8, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-4, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 100-1, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 100-1, and AVLN 118-7 x AVLN 124-9 at a nitrogen dose of 100 kg N/ha. Characters with high heritability values were peeled cobs weight, cobs diameter, cobs length, 1000 seeds weight, and productivity.

THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTER AND POTENTIAL YIELD OF 17’S GENOTYPE OF MAIZE

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of crops that source of carbohydrate than rice. The maize production needs to production goal. The problems is traditional variety haved low yield. This study aims to determine the agronomic character and potential yield of several hybrids maize.. The research method used was randomized completely block design was repeated 3 times. The treatment factor namely hybrid maize genotype. The data obtained were analyzed in theirs diversities by using variace at 5 % level, if there were significant difference, continued by using the least significant increase at 5% level to compared of variety tester. The results shows that hybrid maize genotypes, G2KPW-43, G2KPW-45, and G2KPW-48 haved superiorities in agronomic character and higher potential yield.Key words: genotypes, potential yield, maize

Exogenous application of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed extract improves maize growth under chromium (Cr) stress

Accumulation of non-essential heavy metals like chromium (Cr) is among major abiotic stresses, which adversely affect crop growth. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is the most dangerous form negatively affecting the growth and productivity of crops. This study evaluated the role of black cumin extracts (BCE) in improving growth and productivity of maize genotypes under different concentrations of Cr(VI). Two maize genotypes (“Neelum” and “P1543”) were grown under 0, 4, 8 and 12 mg Cr(VI) kg−1 concentrations. The BCE was applied as foliar spray at three concentrations (0, 10 and 20%) at 25 and 45 days after sowing. Increasing Cr(VI) concentration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seed germination, root and allometric traits, gas exchange attributes and relative water contents of tested genotypes. Hybrid maize genotype better tolerated tested Cr(VI) concentrations than synthetic genotype with lower Cr accumulation and better allometric and gas exchange traits. Exogenous application of 20% BCE proved effective in lowering the adverse effects of Cr(VI) toxicity on maize genotypes. It is concluded that 20% BCE could be used to improve maize performance through better allometric and gas exchange traits under different Cr(VI) concentrations. Nonetheless, actual mechanisms involved in improved Cr(VI)-tolerance of maize with BCE application must be explored. Novelty statement Black cumin has been widely used to reduce Cr toxicity in animals. However, the role of black cumin in reducing Cr toxicity in plants has never been studied. The present study was conducted to infer the role of different concentrations of black cumin extract in improving the growth of synthetic and hybrid maize genotypes under different levels of Cr stress. It is concluded that black cumin extract could be used to lower Cr toxicity in maize grown under Cr-contaminated soils.

Varietal evaluation of promising maize genotypes in mid hills of Nepal

The varietal evaluation of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with desired performance is one of the main objectives of maize breeding program. Fourteen hybrid maize genotypes were evaluated for 17 quantitative and nine qualitative traits in randomized complete block design with three replications at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during May to September, 2019. The major objective was to identify superior genotypes based on genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation between grain yield and yield associated traits. We observed significant differences for 17 quantitative traits among the tested genotypes. Large variation was observed for grain yield among genotypes. Genotype RL-24-0/ RL-111 had the lowest yield (5.53 mt/ha) and Pioneer had the highest yield (11.98 mt/ha) whereas check variety Rampur Hybrid-10 yielded of 8.23 mt/ha. Grain yield showed highly significant positive correlations with stem girth (r= 0.67) and number of ears (r=0.6), but significant negative correlation with anthesis-silking interval (r= -0.55). The dendrogram grouped 14 genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I incorporated the highest number (five) of genotypes, which also had highest cluster mean (average yield of ~10 mt/ha) for grain yield. Traits namely test weight, ear aspect, anthesis-silking interval, number of ears, and tassel branching had high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, and heritability along with high genetic advances, indicating that these traits can be considered for maize breeding program.

Investigations on Growth, Biochemical Compounds and Antioxidant activities in Hybrid Maize Genotypes as influenced by Silicon Fertilization

A pot culture study was conducted to investigate the effect of siliconfertilization on the growth and physiological traits of ten different hybridmaize genotypes. The treatment structure comprises three levels of silicon(0, 75 and 150 kg ha-1) as calcium silicate and ten hybrid maize genotypesin a completely randomized design. The genotypes were imposed withrecommended NPK (250:75:75 kg ha-1) and grown-up to 40 days. At the endof 40 days, the dry matter production, SPAD, biochemical compounds likesoluble proteins, phenols, proline and antioxidants such as peroxidase andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) were recorded. Results showed a linear increasein the overall development of hybrid maize genotypes with increasing siliconfertilization upto 150 kg Si ha-1. The genotype COH (M) 8 was the mostresponsive genotype to Si application among all the genotypes, followedby CMH 12-586 and VaMH 12014. In the case of biochemical attributes,genotypic variation played a significant role in expressing the impact of Si.Lesser response to Si fertilization and its accumulation was noticed withNK 6240 and COH (M) 9 on the growth and biochemical attributes. Siliconfertilization improved the biochemical and antioxidant activity of the maizegenotypes and the response varied with levels of Si. A positive and significantresponse to Si fertilization was observed with soluble protein (9.82 mg g-1),phenols (0.70 mg g-1), peroxidase (0.83 units min-1 mg-1) and SOD activity(8.93 U g-1) whereas an inverse significant relationship was noticed withthe proline content (4.43 μmoles g-1) of the plants which confirmed the roleof Si in plant defense mechanism. The relationship study also confirmedthe positive and significant correlation between growth parameters and drymatter production of the genotypes for silicon fertilization.

Canopy temperature depression and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of drought resistance and nitrogen recommendation in hybrid maize genotypes

Canopy temperature depression and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of drought resistance and nitrogen recommendation in hybrid maize genotypes

Canopy temperature depression and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of drought resistance and nitrogen recommendation in hybrid maize genotypes

Canopy temperature depression and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of drought resistance and nitrogen recommendation in hybrid maize genotypes

Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of exotic and local hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

The genetic parameters, characters association and path coefficient analysis between yield and yield components of 32 exotic and local hybrid maize genotypes were studied at Plant Breeding division, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rahmatpur, Barisahl during rabi 2015 to 2016, following Alpha Lattice Design with three replications. All the characters showed significant differences among the genotypes except cob length indicating their wide genetic variation. The highest genotypic co-efficient of variation (11.48) observed in yield and lowest (1.72) was found in days to maturity. All of the characters exhibited moderate to high heritability in broad sense (h2b) coupled with a wide range of genetic advance and genetic advance in percentage of mean. Heritability ranged from 19.21 to 86.79 for cob length and thousand seed weight, respectively. Yield had a significant positive correlation with cob length, cob diameter, number of seeds per cob and number of rows per cob. Days to tasseling and number of seeds per cob make highest positive contribution toward yield. While, days to silking and ear height had highest negative direct effect on yield. The results indicated that ear height, number of rows per cob, thousand seeds weight and number of seeds per cob could be considered as selection criteria in maize breeding program.&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 8-15

Tolerance level of several hybrid maize genotypes to waterlogging stress

Waterlogging is one of the most important constraints for maize production and productivity in many parts of the world, caused by flooding, continuous rainfall coupled with inadequate drainage or a high water table. The objective of this study was to determine the tolerance level of several hybrid maize genotypes to waterlogging stress. Screening of 27 hybrid maize genotypes was carried out in waterlogged condition and not waterlogged condition (as control) in a green house using a plastic cup of 300 ml volume in a randomized block design, 3 replications. Each genotype was planted in 5 seeds, grown by watering to V1-V2 phase which is characterized by the appearance of 1-2 complete leaves. Screening on waterlogged conditions performed on plastic-coated wooden tub. The water level during flooding is kept the same for 5 days. The results showed that the estimation of tolerance of hybrid maize genotypes to waterlogging using a flooding sensitivity index (FSI) which was calculated based on certain variables showed different FSI values for each variable. Determination of variables that have a large influence on the diversity of tolerance of maize genotypes to waterlogging can be known from the results of Principal Component Analysis. The results of the analysis show that the first principle component, the variable which has a big influence on the diversity of maize genotype tolerance to waterlogging stress is the number of roots with a proportion of diversity of 37.3%. The second principle component shows that the root length variable has a big influence with a proportion of variance of 22.52%. The cumulative proportion of the first and second major components is quite large at 59.83%. Based on the FSI root length variable, there are 3 hybrid maize genotypes that are tolerant of standing water while in the root number variable there are 13 tolerant genotypes with average fresh weight of shoot character, root number and stomata density higher than that in normal conditions.

Genetic variability estimates of hybrid maize genotypes in inner terai of Nepal

Genetic variability estimates of hybrid maize genotypes in inner terai of Nepal

Ketahanan Beberapa Genotipe Jagung Hibrida Umur Genjah terhadap Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

Sitophilus zeamais is a major pest of cereal products in the storage that can reduce the quality and quantity of the grain. The use of resistant variety is an efficient method to control S. zeamais. This research aimed to evaluate the resistance of 8 early maturing hybrid maize genotypes to S. zeamais. The research was arranged in a single factor completely randomized design with 3 replications, involving 8 genotypes and 4 check varieties. Samples of 25 g seeds were stored in the container covered by gauze, then infested with same-aged 5 males and 5 females of S. zeamais and maintened to 105 days. Observed variables were the number of F1 progenies of S. zeamays, susceptibility index, seed damage, and weight loss. Based on the results, 3 early maturing hybrid maize genotypes (CH-19, CH-18 and CH-20) exhibited high resistance to the S. zeamais as indicated by their susceptibility index, number of progenies, percentage of seed damage, and weight loss. These genotypes had susceptibility index of 1.23-1.80 with low percentage of seed damage of 2.07-4.55%. Correlation tests showed that the susceptibility index of maize seeds had positive correlation with number of progenies and seed damage.Keywords: seed, stored pest, susceptibility index