Hybrid Energy Harvesting System Research Articles

Hybrid energy harvesting based on cymbal and wagon wheel inspiration

The demand for self-sufficient electronic devices is increasing as well as the overall energy use, and such demands are pushing technology forward, especially in effective energy harvesting. A novel hybrid energy harvesting system has been proposed and analysed in this article. It has been demonstrated that the energy harvesting system is capable of converting enough energy to power a typical micro-electro-mechanical system device. This has been achieved through unification of the nine–cymbal energy harvester array, as an energy harvesting core, and shape memory alloy active elements, acting as a source of force stimulated by the environmental changes. A finite element model was developed for the cymbal energy harvester, which was verified and used for the analysis of cymbal energy harvester’s response to the change of the end-cap material. This was followed by the finite element model for the energy harvesting system used for analysis of the location of shape memory alloy wires and force generated by each wire individually and then all together. As a further optimisation of the energy harvesting system, a novel wagon wheel design was explored in terms of its energy harvesting capabilities. As expected, due to the increased displacement, an increase in the power output was achieved.

Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting by TENG‐Charged Li‐Ion Battery

The need for cost‐effective and sustainable power supplies has spurred a growing interest in hybrid energy harvesting systems, and the most elementary energy production process relies on intermittent solar power. Here, it is shown how the ambient mechanical energy leads to water splitting in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell boosted by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In this strategy, a flexible TENG collects and transforms mechanical energy into electric current, which boosts the PEC water splitting via the charged Li‐ion battery. Au nanoparticles are deposited on TiO2 nanoarrays for extending the available light spectrum to visible part by surface plasmon resonance effect, which yields a photocurrent density of 1.32 mA cm−2 under AM 1.5 G illumination and 0.12 mA cm−2 under visible light with a bias of 0.5 V. The TENG‐charged battery boosts the water splitting performance through coupling electrolysis and enhanced electron–hole separation efficiency. The hybrid cell exhibits an instantaneous current more than 9 mA with a working electrode area of 0.3 cm2, suggesting a simple but efficient route for simultaneously converting solar radiation and mechanical energy into hydrogen.

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Low Power Devices

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Low Power Devices

Modeling and Experimental Verification of an Electromagnetic and Piezoelectric Hybrid Energy Harvester

This paper describes mathematical models of an electromagnetic and piezoelectric hybrid energy harvesting system and provides an analysis of the relationship between the resonance frequency and the configuration parameters of the system. An electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy harvesting device was designed and the experimental results showed good agreement with the analytical results. The maximum load power of the hybrid energy harvesting system achieved 4.25 mW at a resonant frequency of 18 Hz when the acceleration was 0.7 g, which is an increase of 15% compared with the 3.62 mW achieved by a single electromagnetic technique.

APPLICATION OF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM IN HYBRID AUTOMOBILES

This paper presents the concept of hybrid automobile using energy harvesting system. In this work solar energy, wind energy, ambient noise and suspension energy harvesting systems have been used. The system hardware prototype has been made and its efficiency has been calculated. The proposed system can prove to be a trend changing and very efficient in this time of depleting non renewable resources. As the non renewable energy sources are depleting, a need of using renewable energy sources as primary fuel source is being felt. The device which uses the renewable energy sources like solar and wind; and manmade sources like noise, speed breakers etc; to generate and store energy is known as energy harvesting systems(EHS). Tremendous work is going on EHS. EHS has got vast applications ranging from wearable devices to automobiles. The EHS can be of two types simple EHS and hybrid EHS. Simple EHS uses only one energy source while hybrid EHS uses multiple methods of energy source like combination of Solar and ambient temperature harvester to power devices in the area where sunlight is in abundance. The various renewable energy sources are: Solar, Wind and Water. Manmade energy source are like Thermal Noise, RF noise, suspension system. The combination of the energy sources can be used based on the type of geography of the application device. For example, in Africa, solar energy is in abundance; coastal area can use tidal energy source; chakarwaat area can use wind energy for power generation; the metropolitan cities can make best use of the RF noise created by the towers and noise created by vehicular traffic whereas the non planar areas where there are a lot of speed breakers, suspensions can be used as a good energy harvesting approach. In our proposed system solar, ambient noise, wind and suspension sources are used as four parameters to generate the energy for the automobile battery charging application.

Shapeable maximum-power point-tracking algorithm to improve the stability of the output behavior of a thermoelectric-solar hybrid energy-harvesting system

This study presents the development of a novel maximum-power point-tracking (MPPT) method based on an input shaping scheme controller. The proposed method that changes the initial input response into a shapeable MPPT algorithm is designed based on an exponential input function. This type of input function is selected because of its capability to stabilize the system at the end of the simulation time and remain at the same condition at the final response time. A comparison of the system with the proposed method and the system with traditional perturb and observe (PnO) method is also provided. Results show that the system with the proposed method produces higher output power than the system with PnO method; the difference is approximately 15.45%. Results reveal that the exponential function input shaper allows the overall output system to exhibit satisfactory behavior and can efficiently track the maximum output power.

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Low Power Devices

Objectives: In this paper we report on experimental studies and system design for harnessing energy from three alternate energy sources, which are solar energy, radio frequency energy and piezoelectric energy. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In order to make an integrated unit, we have made a case like structure of the device. For RF energy harvesting, we have designed two antennas on Ansoft HFSS and then got them fabricated. For RF to DC power conversion we have used schottky detectors which are capable of highly efficient impedance matching. Moving on to solar energy, we have used two solar panels and each can produce voltage up to five volts. The panels are placed both inside and outside the system, to ensure that we get power when case is open as well as when it is closed. Finally, for the piezoelectric energy harvesting, we have made a series and parallel combination of piezoelectric sensors and this network is followed by a voltage doubler circuit, which is used to augment the voltage produced by the combination of sensors. Findings: Though the system was designed for harvesting solar as well as piezo energy, our main focus was to harvest energy from RF energy. Power is harvested from both the antennas and it is shown that lotus shaped patch antenna is giving more DC voltage 44 mV and 63 mV at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz respectively at 50 cm than Multi patch fractal antenna is giving maximum voltage 60 mV, 24 mV and 34 mV at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz respectively at 50 cm. Application/Improvements: Energy has been successfully harnessed from all three energy sources i.e. RF energy, piezoelectric, solar energy. The system can be used to power low power devices.

Feasibility Study of a Novel 6V Supercapacitor based Energy Harvesting Circuit Integrated with Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Areas

This paper provides a platform for a novel innovative approach towards an off-grid Supercapacitor based battery charging hybrid energy harvesting system for low speed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). 3-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) was chosen for its low maintenance cost, light weight and less complicated design. Simulation was carried for optimized design and a 200W 12V 16 Pole PMSG attached to a VAWT of 14.5m radius and 60cm of height was sent for fabrication with Maglev implementation (Magnetic Levitation). Upon arrival, the optimized system is implemented into the energy harvesting circuit and field testing is carried to observe the performance. Under wind speed range of 3-5m/s, the energy harvesting circuit showed better efficiency in charging battery in all aspects comparing to direct charging of battery regardless of with or without converter. Based on analysis and results carried out in this thesis, all feasibility studies and information were provided for the next barrier.

Inverse dynamic analysis type of MPPT control strategy in a thermoelectric-solar hybrid energy harvesting system

This study presents the development of a novel inverse dynamic analysis-maximum power point tracking (IDA-MPPT) scheme in a hybrid energy harvesting system between thermoelectric module (TEM) and solar array (SA). The proposed method initially changes the harvested voltage response from both sources to be the third-order exponential function. This input function selection is based on the capability of this function to stabilize the initial response system and maintain its final position despite a prolonged response time. The mV voltage value from TEM is easily boosted up to nearly 5 V using this method. With this hybridization, the total obtained voltage is doubled to become 9.7 V, which results in a total power of 0.722 W. Furthermore, the method also allows for a fast tracking system, which enables faster voltage boosting and supercapacitor charging. The supercapacitor only requires less than 5 min to complete charging and boost the voltage to almost 5 V. Thus, a satisfactory value is obtained as compared with that of the TEM system with a chosen MPPC board.

CURRENT WAYS TO HARVEST ENERGY USING A COMPUTER MOUSE

This paper deals with the idea of an energy harvesting (EH) system that uses the mechanical energy from finger presses on the buttons of a computer mouse by means of a piezomaterial (PVF2). The piezomaterial is placed in the mouse at the interface between the button and the body. This paper reviews the parameters of the PVF2 piezomaterial and tests their possible implementation into EH systems utilizing these types of mechanical interactions. The paper tests the viability of two EH concepts: a battery management system, and a semi-autonomous system. A statistical estimate of the button operations is performed for various computer activities, showing that an average of up to 3300 mouse clicks per hour was produced for gaming applications, representing a tip frequency of 0.91 Hz on the PVF2 member. This frequency is tested on the PVF2 system, and an assessment of the two EH systems is reviewed. The results show that fully autonomous systems are not suitable for capturing low-frequency mechanical interactions, due to the parameters of current piezomaterials, and the resulting very long startup phase. However, a hybrid EH system which uses available power to initiate the circuit and eliminate the startup phase may be explored for future studies.

Integrated Energy-Harvesting System by Combining the Advantages of Polymer Solar Cells and Thermoelectric Devices

A polymer solar cell-thermoelectric (PSC–TE) hybrid energy-harvesting system was designed and fabricated, which realizes harvesting electricity from solar light and solar heat simultaneously. A series of measurements has been performed to study the relationship between the PSC–TE hybrid system and individual devices. The PSC–TE system improved the total power output compared with individual PSCs when a temperature gradient across TE module was introduced. The physical process that determines the overall power generation of the PSC–TE hybrid system was also studied and analyzed. The optimal power output of PSC–TE hybrid system is given, which can act as a guideline for further optimizing the hybrid energy-harvesting system. Interestedly, we demonstrate that the hybrid system can drive a commercial light-emitting diode by effectively utilizing solar energy, while it cannot be realized by an individual device. The hybrid system is proved to be a more efficient way for obtaining electricity by integrating mul...

Energy Harvesting From Hybrid Indoor Ambient Light and Thermal Energy Sources for Enhanced Performance of Wireless Sensor Nodes

In this paper, a hybrid of indoor ambient light and thermal energy harvesting scheme that uses only one power management circuit to condition the combined output power harvested from both energy sources is proposed to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor node. By avoiding the use of individual power management circuits for multiple energy sources, the number of components used in the hybrid energy harvesting (HEH) system is reduced and the system form factor, cost and power losses are thus reduced. An efficient microcontroller-based ultra low power management circuit with fixed voltage reference based maximum power point tracking is implemented with closed-loop voltage feedback control to ensure near maximum power transfer from the two energy sources to its connected electronic load over a wide range of operating conditions. From the experimental test results obtained, an average electrical power of 621 μW is harvested by the optimized HEH system at an average indoor solar irradiance of 1010 lux and a thermal gradient of 10 K, which is almost triple of that can be obtained with conventional single-source thermal energy harvesting method.

Newest developments in dementia treatment and prevention.

The public transportation system is highly integrated into peoples' lives, and the emergence of shared bicycles solves the problem of the last mile of travel. The shared bicycle is equipped with the necessary low-power consumption components, which require a continuous power supply scheme. In this paper, to solve the power supply problem of low-power components on shared bicycles, a hybrid energy harvesting system is designed, modeled, and tested. The proposed system includes three modules: kinetic energy input module, power generation module, and energy storage module. The energy input module is the rotational kinetic energy transferred from the chain to the rear wheel when the shared bicycle is being ridden. The power generation module utilizes the magnet array installed on the spokes to cut the magnetic lines of induction and deforms the piezoelectric sheet to harvest the kinetic energy of the wheel. The energy storage module is used to store the current generated by the two harvesters that have passed through the rectifier circuit. The proposed hybrid energy harvesting system is analyzed through theoretical modeling and simulation, and the power output of the collector is calculated through experimental data. The peak voltage and RMS voltage of the hybrid energy harvesting system are 25 V and 7.18 V, respectively. Experiments verify that the proposed hybrid energy harvesting system is feasible for powering low-power components on shared bicycles.