Hybrid Encryption Scheme Research Articles

Hybrid data encryption model integrating multi-objective adaptive genetic algorithm for secure medical data communication over cloud-based healthcare systems

The exponential rise in the development of cloud computing environments in the healthcare field, the protection and confidentiality of the medical records become a primary concern for healthcare services applications. Today, health data stored in the cloud is highly confidential information concealed to avoid unauthorized access to protect the patient’s information. As cloud-based medical data transmission becomes more common, it receives growing attention from researchers and academics. Despite the potential for misuse, medical data transmitted through unreliable networks can be manipulated or compromised. The current cryptosystems alone are not sufficient to deal with these issues, and hence this paper introduces a new hybridization of data encryption model to shelter the diagnosis data in medical images. The proposed model is developed by combining either 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform 1 Level (2D-DWT-1 L) or 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform 2 Level (2D-DWT-2 L) steganography with the proposed hybrid encryption scheme. The hybrid encryption scheme is built by strategically applying Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithms to secure diagnosis data to be embedded with the RGB channels of medical cover image. One of the key novelties is the use of an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (AGA-OPAP) that enriches data hiding ability as well as imperceptibility features. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model, numerical tests are performed. The results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of safely transmitting medical data. Comparison of results is carried out concerning the datasets with the state-of-the-art algorithm. In terms of various statistical measures, the results showed the superiority of the proposed algorithm, such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), correlation, structural content (SC), structure similarity (SSIM), entropy, histogram, NPCR, UACI and embedding capacity. The proposed model can also prevent attacks, such as steganalysis or RS attacks.

Chaotic Discrete Fractional-Order Food Chain Model and Hybrid Image Encryption Scheme Application

Using the discrete fractional calculus, a novel discrete fractional-order food chain model for the case of strong pressure on preys map is proposed. Dynamical behaviors of the model involving stability analysis of its equilibrium points, bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits are investigated. It is demonstrated that the model can exhibit a variety of dynamical behaviors including stable steady states, periodic and quasiperiodic dynamics. Then, a hybrid encryption scheme based on chaotic behavior of the model along with elliptic curve key exchange scheme is proposed for colored plain images. The hybrid scheme combines the characteristics of noise-like chaotic dynamics of the map, including high sensitivity to values of parameters, with the advantages of reliable elliptic curves-based encryption systems. Security analysis assures the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and validates its robustness and efficiency against possible types of attacks.

A hybrid encryption scheme based on optical scanning cryptography and Fibonacci–Lucas transformation

This paper describes a new opto-hybrid technique of two-stage encryption for the secure transmission and reception of sensitive information contained in the form of images and data. An advanced encryption–decryption technique based on optical scanning holography (optical scanning cryptography) and Fibonacci–Lucas transformation is proposed. The first stage of this hybrid system includes a point spread function engineered optical scanning cryptographic system. A new key based on fused biometric array is used in this stage. A digital encryption strategy follows this stage. This hybrid encryption scheme can be used for the secure transfer and storage of medical images in the Internet, especially in cloud-based services. The quantitative analysis is performed using different figure of merits. The quantitative investigations have been conducted through computer simulations. The parameters analyzed for establishing the performance characteristics of this system are Structural Similarity Index, Correlation Coefficient, Maximum Absolute Deviation, etc. This system shows a remarkable performance improvement during encryption. The method can be explicitly used in the radiograph image transfer over the Internet for telemedicine applications.

Research on Security Technology of Network Communication Information Based on Double Encryption

Data is transmitted from the server to the terminal or the terminal to the server during the transmission process, the data information is easily monitored or tampered with, which will cause information leakage or data display false data. If the wrong instruction information may be received in the industrial control field, it will bring a lot to industrial production. Hazards and losses, so in order to ensure the reliability and data security of the network communication between the terminal and the server, industrial equipment and management system, it is very necessary to use secure communication connections and reliable data encryption algorithms to ensure communication and data security.This paper proposes an improved AES and MD5 hybrid encryption scheme, which uses SSL to encrypt the transmission channel during the communication process, uses the improved symmetric encryption algorithm AES to encrypt the data in network transmission, and encrypts the data at the sending end Then use the improved MD5 to generate a digital fingerprint for the encrypted data. At the receiving end, use MD5 to generate the same fingerprint for the encrypted data sent, and use the digest fingerprint verification to determine whether the data has been tampered with or lost during transmission. is possible to greatly improve the security and reliability of system communication and data.

Secure State Estimation Using Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption Scheme

Recently, the security of state estimation has attracted significant research attention due to the need for trustworthy situation awareness in emerging cyber-physical systems. In this article, we design an encryption-based state estimation (ESE) using partially homomorphically encrypted data. The encryption will enhance the confidentiality not only of data transmitted in the communication network but also critical system information required by the estimator. We adopt a hybrid encryption scheme by jointly using the multiplicatively and additively homomorphic encryption methods. Armed with encryption, ESE is able to conceal comprehensive information (i.e., model parameters, measurements, and estimates) aggregated at the estimator while retaining the correctness of the normal state estimation. Therefore, even if an attacker has gained unauthorized access to the estimator and associated communication channels, he/she will not be able to obtain sufficient knowledge of the system state to guide the attack. Furthermore, due to the encryption-induced quantization error, we give a sufficient stability condition for ESE. Finally, we implement ESE with real-world hardware to illustrate its effectiveness and efficiency.

A post-quantum hybrid encryption based on QC-LDPC codes in the multi-user setting

The encryption schemes based on coding theory are one of the most accredited choices in post-quantum scenario, where QC-LDPC codes are usually employed to construct concrete schemes due to the well security and good efficiency. In this work, we introduce a new IND-CCA secure multi-instance framework for code-based hybrid encryption primitive in the random oracle model, which is derived from our new multi-instance KEM and DEM building modules.We note that previous multi-instance KEM and DEM are usually derived from single-instance KEM and DEM, and hence suffers from large parameter sizes and security loss. Nevertheless, our multi-instance KEM is a direct construction based on a key generation function and a one-way trapdoor function, and our multi-instance DEM is constructed from a standard DEM and MAC with a tag in the input to achieve a tighter security loss. Finally, we present a IND-CCA secure multi-instance hybrid encryption scheme based on QC-LDPC codes in the random oracle model, where the scheme achieves small private key size and only consumes addition and multiplication operations over F2[x].

A novel hybrid encryption scheme based on chaotic Lorenz system and logarithmic key generation

The digital information is transmitted through different communication channels with ease within no time. The sphere of digital world is evolving and become one of the key aspects of our daily lives. In this regard, confidentially to this digital information which are fundamentally transmitted over insecure line of communication is one of the mandatory concerns. This digital information is placed in different databases available online. In this article, our aim is to perform cryptanalysis of Logarithmic based image encryption scheme and investigate its potential key leakages by utilizing public key to recover its private key. Moreover, we have suggested chaos-based Logarithm scheme which is more secure. The Lorenz system is utilized in an anticipated mechanism which is sensitive to initial conditions and chaotic parameters. The proposed scheme is then authenticated by using available security performance benchmarks. To measure the security against different cryptographic attacks, we utilized the statistical analyses which are entropy and the correlation between the pixels, and the differential analyses which are number of changing pixel rate (NPCR) and the unified averaged changed intensity (UACI). In order to resist the brute force attacks, key sensitivity analyses and key space analyses is also performed. The randomness of proposed encryption scheme investigated through entropy and NIST randomness suit tests. An application on digital images is investigated. Also, we have compared our modified confidentiality scheme with existing benchmarks which suggested our encryption technique is quite reasonable for digital multimedia security.

Secure Outsourcing and Sharing of Cloud Data Using a User-Side Encrypted File System

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm that aims to provide computing resources, massive data storage capacity and, flexible data sharing services. The explosive growth of data produced persuade business and users, driven by the cloud-top features, to outsource their data to the cloud storage systems. However, the confidentiality and integrity of outsourced sensitive data in remote cloud servers are becoming a major concern. Data must be encrypted prior to storing it in the, potentially untrustworthy cloud. Existing traditional encryption systems impose a heavy burden of managing files and encryption operations on data owners. They suffer from serious security, efficiency, and usability issues, and some schemes are inappropriate for protecting cloud data. In this paper, we introduce OutFS, a user-side encrypted file system, focused on providing a transparent encryption for stored and shared outsourced data. In OutFS, we utilize a hybrid encryption scheme structure based on symmetric and asymmetric methods. The key management is conveniently designed. In order to ensure robust data sharing security, the identity-based encryption scheme (IBE) is integrated with OutFS. OutFS is designed to preserve the integrity of outsourced file data and file system data structure. Analysis of performance and experimental results show that OutFS is efficient. It can achieve an average throughput of 8.8 MB/sec, and 10.5 MB/sec for writing and reading outsourced files. Security analysis indicates that OutFS is extremely secure and robust against attacks such as brute-force, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle, and offline-dictionary attacks.

The Cloud we Share: Access Control on Symmetrically Encrypted Data in Untrusted Clouds

Along with the rapid growth of cloud environments, rises the problem of secure data storage-a problem that both businesses and end-users take into consideration before moving their data online. Recently, a lot of solutions have been proposed based either on Symmetric Searchable Encryption (SSE) or Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE). SSE is an encryption technique that offers security against both internal and external attacks. However, since in an SSE scheme, a single key is used to encrypt everything, revoking a user would imply downloading the entire encrypted database and re-encrypt it with a fresh key. On the other hand, in an ABE scheme, the problem of revocation can be addressed. Unfortunately, though, the proposed solutions are based on the properties of the underlying ABE scheme and hence, the revocation costs grow along with the complexity of the policies. To this end, we use these two cryptographic techniques that squarely fit cloud-based environments to design a hybrid encryption scheme based on ABE and SSE in such a way that we utilize the best out of both of them. Moreover, we exploit the functionalities offered by Intel's SGX to design a revocation mechanism and an access control one, that are agnostic to the cryptographic primitives used in our construction.

Plaintext related image hybrid encryption scheme using algebraic interpolation and generalized chaotic map

In this paper, a plaintext related image hybrid encryption scheme is proposed based on Lagrange interpolation, generalized Henon map and nonlinear operations of matrices. The proposed scheme consists of three parts. In the first part, a generalized chaotic map is constructed on the basis of Henon map. Using the novel map, a chaotic sequence is built. And then, both the chaotic sequence and the plaintext pixels are used to implement the first nonlinear operation for generating the first cipher matrix associated with the plaintext. By performing an exclusive XOR operation between the original pixels matrix and the first cipher matrix, the diffusion encryption is carried out. In the second part, Lagrange interpolation is used to create the second cipher matrix related to the diffused image; the second nonlinear transformation is developed between the diffused image and the second cipher matrix; and sequence rearrangement is adopted to scramble the diffused image. In the third part, the third nonlinear transformation of matrices based on point operation and rounding operation is implemented on the scrambled image to complete the image encryption. Accordingly, the decryption process is executed by the inverse operations in the opposite order. The proposed algorithm has some distinctive features: a variety of nonlinear tools such as nonlinear polynomial interpolation, nonlinear chaotic map, and nonlinear operations were involved in the scheme. The cryptosystem is designed with the plaintext to enhance the algorithm security. Due to the combination of multiple nonlinear methods and random factors, the scheme is one time pad, which can withstand multiple types of attacks. The algorithm has a clear structure and a simple calculation, so it is easy to program. In addition, encryption simulation and performance analysis are carried out. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by the simulated results. The security of the algorithm are proved by the objective indicators such as the running time, key space, statistical properties, key sensitivity, and differential analysis, etc.

Three Part Hybrid Encryption Schema

Hybrid encryption schemes are consist of two parts. First part for encryting the text with symmetric algorithm called DEM (Data Encryption Mechanism) and the second one is for encrypting the symmetric algorithm key with asymmetric algorithm called KEM (Key Encryption Mechanism). If we think to expand the KEM packet with e-sign, message digest and extra security data for validation and authentication, how will be the encryption of KEM packet and also the performance KEM mechanism. Our study try to answer that question and also offer a new hybrid encryption mechanism for information security.

Identity-Based Encryption Algorithm using Hybrid Encryption and MAC Address for Key Generation

In today’s world, secured communication is what every field wants. But due to the escalation of theft and unauthorized access to the data, the need for new encryption algorithms has also gone high. This paper proposed a hybrid encryption scheme which uses ElGamal key exchange algorithm and Genetic algorithms. In this scheme, the users share seventeen 16-bit keys, random in nature, using the ElGamal algorithm, which is used to calculate a shared key. Along with this shared key and MAC(Medium Access Control) addresses of both sender and receiver(MAC is used as it is a unique identifier attached to a network adapter or system), a final key is generated through a 10-round algorithm. Further, this final key is used for data encryption using Genetic algorithms. A new key is generated for each communication session between sender and receiver. The proposed technique shows that it is resistant to most of today’s known and common attacks.

AES-GCTR Mode-based Efficient Hybrid Encryption Scheme in Cloud-CCTV Service Environment

In the environment of Cloud-CCTV surveillance, encryption of images for the protection of privacy is essential. Yet, the existing encryption method has overhead regarding the management of mass data and streaming processing. As encrypted vectors are created and applied in a bucket unit in the proposed method, it has more efficient performance in the process of encryption and decoding compared to AES-CTR mode, and it makes an analysis attack difficult according to the randomness of a bucket size. In this paper, AES-GCTR mode that has improved the existing AES-CTR operation mode was suggested. In this process, encryption of CCTV image data is required. Yet, overhead of encryption itself exists in quality, so an efficient encryption method proper for mass data is necessary. The proposed method can make encryption and decoding performance more efficient, and is expected to be easily applied to the image surveillance system based on CCTVs that demands high capacity processing and real-time streaming.

Joint block and stream cipher based on a modified skew tent map

Image encryption is very different from that of texts due to the bulk data capacity and the high redundancy of images. Thus, traditional methods are difficult to use for image encryption as their pseudo-random sequences have small space. Chaotic cryptography use chaos theory in specific systems working such as computing algorithms to accomplish dissimilar cryptographic tasks in a cryptosystem with a fast throughput. For higher security, encryption is the approach to guard information and prevent its leakage. In this paper, a hybrid encryption scheme that combines both stream and block ciphering algorithms is proposed in order to achieve the required level of security with the minimum encryption time. This scheme is based on an improved mathematical model to cover the defects in the previous discredited model proposed by Masuda. The proposed chaos-based cryptosystem uses the improved Skew Tent Map (STM) RQ-FSTM as a substitution layer. This map is based on a lookup table to overcome various problems, such as the fixed point, the key space restrictions, and the limitation of mapping between plain text and cipher text. It uses the same map as a generator to change the byte position to achieve the required confusion and diffusion effects. This modification improves the security level of the original STM. The robustness of the proposed cryptosystem is proven by the performance and the security analysis, as well as the high encryption speed. Depending on the results of the security analysis the proposed system has a better dynamic key space than previous ones using STM, a double encryption quality and a better security analysis than others in the literature with speed convenience to real-time applications.

Hybrid Cryptosystem Combination Algorithm Of Hill Cipher 3x3 and Elgamal To Secure Instant Messaging For Android

Instant messaging is commonly used in communication, which made a high level of security as an essential part. To secure the huge amount of messages, one of the techniques used is hybrid cryptosystem. A Symmetric Hill Cipher 3x3 and ElGamal Asymmetric Algorithm combination will be used to perform the hybrid encryption scheme. Symmetric Hill Cipher with a square 3x3 key matrix for the encryption process and ElGamal Asymmetric for encrypt the key of Hill Cipher. The strength of Asymmetric ElGamal is the difficulty of calculating discrete logs in a large prime modulus. In this research, the running time is directly proportional to the length of text during the encryption and decryption process.

Asymmetric hybrid encryption scheme based on modified equal modulus decomposition in hybrid multi-resolution wavelet domain

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an asymmetric hybrid encryption scheme, using coherent superposition and modified equal modulus decomposition in a hybrid multi-resolution wavelet, is proposed. The hybrid multi-resolution wavelet is generated using fractional Fourier transform of multiple orders and Walsh transform. The fractional orders of the fractional Fourier transform increase the key space and hence provide additional strength to the cryptosystem. The designed scheme has a large key space to avoid brute-force attack and is non-linear in nature. The scheme is validated on grey-scale images. Computer-based simulations have been performed to verify the validity and performance of the proposed scheme against various attacks. Scheme's robustness to the special attack is also checked. Results show that single equal modulus decomposition with fractional Fourier transform and hybrid transform are vulnerable to the special attack, whereas the proposed scheme endures the special attack.

Efficient chosen-ciphertext secure hybrid encryption scheme tolerating continuous leakage attacks

ABSTRACTFor any PPT adversary, most traditional leakage-resilient cryptographic primitives cannot ensure that all elements in ciphertext are random. What’s worse, in a continuous leakage setting, there are few leakage-resilient cryptographic primitives available. Currently, not many researchers are studying leakage-resilient hybrid encryption (LR-HE) scheme. Thus, two continuous leakage-resilient hybrid encryption (CLR-HE) schemes are constructed in this paper, and the schemes’ security are proven based on the standard static assumption. Our constructions not only can maintain their claimed security in a continuous leakage setting, but also enjoy better performances. Because of these good performances, our constructions can provide continuous leakage-resilient security in the Internet of Things.

A hybrid encryption technique for Secure-GLOR: The adaptive secure routing protocol for dynamic wireless mesh networks

As we progress in into a digital era where most aspects of our life depend upon a network of computers, it is essential to focus on digital security. Each component of a network, be it a physical network, virtual network or social network requires security when transmitting data. Hence the dynamic wireless mesh network must also deploy high levels of security as found in current legacy networks. This paper presents a secure Geo-Location Oriented Routing (Secure-GLOR) protocol for wireless mesh networks, which incorporates a hybrid encryption scheme for its multilevel security framework. The hybrid encryption technique improves the network’s overall performance compared to the basic encryption by using a combination of symmetric key as well as asymmetric key encryption. Using the combination of the two encryption schemes, the performance of the network can be improved by reducing the transmitted data size, reduced computational overhead and faster encryption–decryption cycles. In this paper discussed multiple encryption schemes for both symmetric and asymmetric encryption, compare their performance in various experimental scenarios. Proposed security scheme achieves better performance based on the results obtained with most viable options for our network model.

Secure Medical Data Transmission Model for IoT-Based Healthcare Systems

Due to the significant advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the healthcare sector, the security, and the integrity of the medical data became big challenges for healthcare services applications. This paper proposes a hybrid security model for securing the diagnostic text data in medical images. The proposed model is developed through integrating either 2-D discrete wavelet transform 1 level (2D-DWT-1L) or 2-D discrete wavelet transform 2 level (2D-DWT-2L) steganography technique with a proposed hybrid encryption scheme. The proposed hybrid encryption schema is built using a combination of Advanced Encryption Standard, and Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman algorithms. The proposed model starts by encrypting the secret data; then it hides the result in a cover image using 2D-DWT-1L or 2D-DWT-2L. Both color and gray-scale images are used as cover images to conceal different text sizes. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated based on six statistical parameters; the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), bit error rate (BER), structural similarity (SSIM), structural content (SC), and correlation. The PSNR values were relatively varied from 50.59 to 57.44 in case of color images and from 50.52 to 56.09 with the gray scale images. The MSE values varied from 0.12 to 0.57 for the color images and from 0.14 to 0.57 for the gray scale images. The BER values were zero for both images, while SSIM, SC, and correlation values were ones for both images. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed model proved its ability to hide the confidential patient’s data into a transmitted cover image with high imperceptibility, capacity, and minimal deterioration in the received stego-image.

Design and Development of Steganography Using Hybrid Transform with Decomposition Based Embedding Algorithm and Hybrid Encryption Scheme

Design and Development of Steganography Using Hybrid Transform with Decomposition Based Embedding Algorithm and Hybrid Encryption Scheme