Hybrid Electrode Materials Research Articles

Fabrication of hierarchical NiCo2S4@CoS2 nanostructures on highly conductive flexible carbon cloth substrate as a hybrid electrode material for supercapacitors with enhanced electrochemical performance

In this study, we fabricated the hierarchical NiCo2S4@CoS2 nanostructures on highly conductive flexible carbon cloth (CC) via two-steps hydrothermal method for high-performance supercapacitor hybrid electrode material. The surface morphology of the fabricated hybrid electrode material NiCo2S4@CoS2@CC exposed the formation of hierarchical NiCo2S4 ultrathin nanosheets on CoS2 nanowires over the carbon cloth substrate and thus forming a three-dimensional interconnected porous network. During the electrochemical analysis, the hybrid NiCo2S4@CoS2 nanostructures on CC exhibited an enhanced specific capacitance of ∼1565 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. A capacitance retention of ∼91% was achieved after 8000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a maximum energy density of ∼17 Wh Kg−1 at a power density of 242.8 W Kg−1. Thus, the electrode had a significantly improved supercapacitor performance in terms of a high specific capacitance, excellent cycle stability, and good rate capability.

A new quaternary nanohybrid composite electrode for a high-performance supercapacitor

In this work, a new quaternary nanohybrid of graphene/polyaniline-benzimidazole grafted graphene/MnO2 was performed as an electrochemical supercapacitors anode. Combination of the high surface area of graphene, the high electrical conductivity of polyaniline and good charge storage capacity of MnO2 lead to a new electrode material for supercapacitor application. Therefore, the charge storage properties of the nanohybrid for supercapacitor application was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic potentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4. The prepared hybrid electrode material exhibits surpassing electrochemical performance than graphene/polyaniline and graphene/MnO2 nanocomposites, including a high specific capacitance of 675 Fg−1 or 150 mAh g−1 at a discharge current of 50 A g−1. The nanocomposite showed excellent rate capability (over 80% retention at 50 A g−1) and high cycling stability with less than 13% of capacitance fading after 2000 cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge as well as a high columbic efficiency of 96% at a high discharge current of 50 A g−1. The obtained results reveal that such nanohybrid nanostructure would be a good candidate for electrode materials of supercapacitors with high performances at high current densities, good stability and high columbic efficiency in the future.

A fast approach to the synthesis of MO/CNT/Fe hybrid nanostructures built on MXene for enhanced Li-ion uptake

We report herein a fast and scalable approach to the synthesis of MO/CNT/Fe (MCI) hybrid nanostructures via microwave irradiation of MXene under ambient condition. The effect of three arcing materials, CNT, graphite (C), and carbon fiber (Cf), on the growth of carbon nanotubes on MXene-derived metal oxides were investigated. The resulted MCI nanostructures were tested as anodes in LIBs, all exhibiting better electrochemical performance than that of pristine Ti3C2. Remarkably, MCI-Cf delivered reversible capacities of 430 mA h g−1 and 175 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 10 A g−1, respectively, which is much higher than that of commercial graphite at high rates. The findings in this work open new exciting opportunities to developing hybrid electrode materials with high specific capacity for energy conversion and storage.

Toward high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors using facilely fabricated graphite nanosheet-supported CoMoS4 as electrode material

Hybrids of graphite nanosheet-supported CoMoS4 (GN-CoMoS4) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The CoMoS4 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the graphite nanosheets, leading to large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity. The GN-CoMoS4 hybrids were systematically studied for electrode materials of supercapacitors. Due to the amorphous characteristic of CoMoS4, which can supply more transportation channels for ion diffusion, together with the large specific surface area and excellent conductivity of GN, the as-prepared hybrid electrode material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 774 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and an excellent cyclic stability (94.49% of its initial specific capacitance retained after 6000 cycles at a current density of 8 A g−1). An all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using GN-CoMoS4 as positive electrode and porous active carbon (AC) as negative electrode, which exhibited a highest energy density of 42.85 W h kg−1 at 900 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability (93.2% retention after 8000 cycles). The results demonstrate that the GN-CoMoS4 hybrids are promising candidate for the electrode materials in high-performance supercapacitors because of the well-designed microstructure.

Distinctive Construction of Chitin-Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon Microspheres/Polyaniline for High-Rate Supercapacitors.

Recently, nanostructured porous carbons are attracting significant interest in various important applications. However, a green and innovative method to fabricate hierarchically porous-structured carbon is still a challenge. In the present work, hierarchically porous carbon microspheres (HCMs) were prepared by pyrolyzing the chitin microspheres fabricated from a chitin/chitosan blend solution, in which chitosan was used as a forming agent of nanopores/nanochannels to construct the microspheres. The HCM displayed hierarchical porous structure and improved specific surface area of 1450 m2/g. For the application of HCM in hybrid electrode materials as supercapacitors, polyaniline (PANI) nanoclusters were further deposited on the surface of HCM. A symmetric supercapacitor based on HCM-PANI exhibited high rate capability with retaining over 64% of the capacitance as the scan rate increased from 2 to 500 mV/s. This work introduced a distinctive and green method to fabricate hierarchically porous carbon materials, having considerable application prospect for energy storage.

High performance advanced asymmetric supercapacitor based on ultrathin and mesoporous MnCo2O4.5-NiCo2O4 hybrid and iron oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide electrode materials

Herein, we demonstrate a facile fabrication of nickel cobalt oxide nanoflake decorated manganese cobalt oxide nanostick-arrays (MnCo2O4.5-NiCo2O4), as a hybrid electrode material through multistep hydrothermal protocols for high performance power device applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (Fe-rGO) was synthesized through a simplistic reduction process of GO. The morphological features, specific surface areas and morphology dependent electrochemical activity of the as-prepared electrode materials have been investigated systematically. Our as-prepared manganese cobalt oxide/nickel cobalt oxide, MnCo2O4.5-NiCo2O4 (abbreviated as MCO/NCO) hybrid electrode reveals a highest specific capacitance (Cs) value of ∼2506 F g−1 as compared to the base MnCo2O4.5 (∼1220 F g−1) at 1 A g−1 constant current density. The higher Cs values of the hybrid composite can be credited to the synergistic property of MCO and NCO, which eventually facilitates electron transportation. In contrast, Fe-rGO shows a Cs value of ∼236 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, an advanced asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated utilizing MCO/NCO as positive and Fe-rGO as a negative electrode in presence of a potassium hydroxide (KOH) soaked laboratory Whatman 40 filter paper as separator. The device exhibits a Cs value of 170.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 together with a decent energy density of ∼34 Wh kg−1 (power density of 597.18 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1) and a longtime cyclic stability (90% Cs retention after 3000 Galvanostatic charge-discharge series). These results suggest superior application potential of our ASC for next -generation portable energy storage applications.

‘Pillar effect’ of chemically bonded fullerene in enhancing supercapacitance performances of partially reduced fullerenol graphene oxide hybrid electrode material

The electrochemical performances of fullerenol functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) and reduced FGO (rFGO) were evaluated in acid, alkaline and neutral electrolytes at 5–200 mV/s scan rates in cyclic voltammetry (CV) and with galvanostatic charge/discharge (CD) up to 1000 cycles at 1 A/g current density. Typical nucleophilic addition reaction using hydroxyl functional groups of fullerenol [(Fol)n− anion as nucleophile] with epoxy & carboxyl groups of GO-acyl chloride in pyridine results the formation of FGO nanohybrid. Further reduction of FGO with hydrazine monohydrate in microwave synthesizer for 45 min at 80 °C would produce rFGO. XRD analyses of FGO and rFGO demonstrate edge to edge and basal to basal reactions between fullerenol and GO, whereas TEM images indicate the insertion of fullerene inside the graphene flakes. The redox reaction of residual basic electroactive oxygenated functional groups with protons able to produce an increasing trend in capacitance performance up to 300 cycles for rFGO (from 255 to 363 F/g at 1.0 A/g current density) in 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte and can retains its highest capacitance value (368 F/g) even after 1000 cycles. Whereas, significantly lower capacitance values even in highly concentrated alkaline electrolytes (55.6 and 85.7 F/g at 5 mV/s scan rate in 1 & 6 M KOH for rFGO) reconfirm the GO-COOH participation towards the chemical reaction with fullerenol–OH groups. This capacitance value in acid electrolyte is much higher than those of the nanocomposites composed of cationic fullerene and anionic GO reported earlier. Consequently, rFGO reports higher energy density compared to rGO (51.11 vs 24.41 Wh/kg) in 1 M H2SO4 and also shows about ten times higher power density (5018 vs 506.82 W/kg) in 1 M Na2SO4. Also, the electrochemical impedance analyses using Nyquist and Bode plots indicate more ideal supercapacitive characteristic for rFGO (77.8° vs 90°) and FGO (71.7° vs 90°) compared to rGO (21° vs 90°).

Three-dimensional-networked Ni2P/Ni3S2 heteronanoflake arrays for highly enhanced electrochemical overall-water-splitting activity

The exploration of highly active and stable noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction is a challenging task to achieve sustainable production of H2 through water splitting. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of a novel three-dimensional(3D)-networked heterogeneous nickel phosphide/sulfide electrocatalyst consisting of Ni2P strongly coupled with Ni3S2 in situ grown on Ni foam. Benefiting from the strong interfacial coupling effects between Ni2P and Ni3S2, large surface area, highly conductive Ni foam support, and the unique 3D open configuration, the optimal 3D-networked hybrid electrode exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity with extremely low overpotentials of 80 and 210 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. Assembled as an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, this electrode delivers an impressive low onset potential of only 1.45 V and gives a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a very low cell voltage of 1.50 V, which is dramatically superior to the current state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. In combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study demonstrates that the strong coupling interactions between Ni2P and Ni3S2 synergistically optimize the electronic structure and tune the hydrogen (or water) adsorption energy, thus significantly enhancing the overall electrochemical water-splitting activity. Our work might shed some new lights on the design and fabrication of efficient and robust three-dimensional hybrid electrode materials for a variety of electrochemical applications.

A three-dimensional graphene/CNT/MnO2 hybrid as supercapacitor electrode

ABSTRACTA novel nano δ-MnO2 with the flocculus structure was synthesized by the microemulsion approach. An original nano α-MnO2 with the sea urchin-like structure was synthesized by the hydrothermal approach. On this basis, the well dispersed graphene/CNT/MnO2 hybrids were prepared by the high energy ball milling. The specific capacitance of α-MnO2 is as high as 327.5 F/g, the specific capacitance retention rate of graphene/CNT/δ-MnO2 with the increase of scanning rate is 55.6% which is much higher than others. The conductivity and specific surface area of hybrid electrode materials have been greatly improved.

Design of Carbon/Metal Oxide Hybrids for Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Next generation electrochemical energy storage materials that enable a combination of high specific energy, specific power, and cycling stability can be obtained by a hybridization approach. This involves electrode materials that contain carbon and metal oxide phases linked on a nanoscopic level and combine characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries. The combination of the components requires careful design to create synergistic effects for an increased electrochemical performance. Improved understanding of the role of carbon as a substrate has advanced the power handling and cycling stability of hybrid materials significantly in recent years. This Concept outlines different design strategies for the design of hybrid electrode materials: (1) the deposition of metal oxides on readily existing carbon substrates and (2) co-synthesizing both carbon and metal oxide phase during the synthesis procedure. The implications of carbon properties on the hybrid material's structure and performance will be assessed and the impact of the hybrid electrode architecture will be analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of all approaches are highlighted and strategies to overcome the latter will be proposed.

Fabrication of a 3D Hierarchical Sandwich Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 Nanowire Architectures as Advanced Electrode Material for High Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors suffer from lack of energy density and impulse the energy density limit, so a new class of hybrid electrode materials with promising architectures is strongly desirable. Here, the rational design of a 3D hierarchical sandwich Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 nanowire architecture is achieved during the hydrothermal sulphurization reaction by the conversion of binary mesoporous metal oxide core to corresponding individual metal sulphides core along with the formation of outer metal sulphide shell at the same time. Benefiting from the 3D hierarchical sandwich architecture, Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with high specific capacity/capacitance of 306 mA h g-1 /1938 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 , and excellent cycling stability with a specific capacity retention of 86.9% after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g-1 . Moreover, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor device using Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 as the positive electrode and nitrogen doped graphene as the negative electrode demonstrates high energy density of 64.2 Wh kg-1 at 729.2 W kg-1 , and a promising energy density of 23.5 Wh kg-1 is still attained at a high power density of 11 300 W kg-1 . The hybrid electrode with 3D hierarchical sandwich architecture promotes enhanced energy density with excellent cyclic stability for energy storage.

Amino-functionalized silica anchored to multiwall carbon nanotubes as hybrid electrode material for supercapacitors

Silica particles (SiO2) have been prepared by using sol-gel synthesis technique and are amino functionalized by treating with (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane followed by composite formation using acid-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The synthesized materials are characterized using morphological and structural techniques like SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, and FTIR. The MWCNTs with large active surface area and good conductivity present several sites for the growth of spherical SiO2 particles of ∼200 nm diameter. The composite electrode is studied for supercapacitor application between −0.2 to +0.8 V and the electrochemical studies of sample electrodes have been done using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance analysis. The specific capacitance, power density and energy density have been compared at various current rates. The MWCNTs electrode exhibit max specific capacitance of 128.4 F g−1 with a power density of 1000 W kg−1 and energy density of 17.8 Wh kg−1 at 2 A g−1 compared to 11.8 F g−1, 1.64 Wh kg−1 and 1000 W kg−1, respectively for SiO2/MWCNTs electrode at the same current rate. High charge propagation is observed for MWCNTs electrode due to conducting and mesoporous nature along with good resilience. Apparently, the MWCNTs electrode displays lower internal resistance with higher capacitive performance compared to SiO2/MWCNTs composite electrode. It has been observed that the power density of electrodes is strongly dependent on current density and reaches up to 1000 W kg−1 for SiO2/MWCNTs composite as current density is increased up to 2 A g−1.

Heteroatom doped graphene based hybrid electrode materials for supercapacitor applications

A series of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5/G) nanocomposites with graphene and doped graphene was synthesized by a facile solvothermal route and the supercapacitor performance of the obtained materials were further examined. The various heteroatom doped graphene composites viz. B doped (V2O5/BG), N doped (V2O5/NG) and BN codoped graphene (V2O5/BNG) was analyzed systematically to understand the effect of the dopants and their electrochemical properties. The structural and morphology of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). The results showed that the prepared V2O5 nanoparticles are deposited uniformly on graphene sheets. The electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposites were further analyzed to understand its supercapacitance properties in KOH electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 1032.6 F/g was observed for V2O5/NG at 1 mVs-1 scan rate. Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves showed an excellent cyclic stability with higher charge/discharge duration with an energy density of 185.86 Wh/Kg and a power density of 37.20 W/Kg respectively for V2O5/NG nanocomposite. The graphene moieties provide fast and smooth electron transfer between V2O5 materials, thus leading to higher electrode performance compared with V2O5. The doping of heteroatom on graphene has been proven to be an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for supercapacitor electrodes.

Ternary hybrid electrode material based on polyaniline/carbon nanohorn/TiO2 with high performance energy storage capacity

Ternary hybrid electrode material based on polyaniline/carbon nanohorn/TiO2 with high performance energy storage capacity

Shape-controlled synthesis of CoMoO4@Co1.5Ni1.5S4 hybrids with rambutan-like structure for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors

Hybrid-structured nanoparticles have demonstrated superior chemical, physical or electrochemical properties over a single component owing to the synergistic effects from each component. Here we report on rambutan-like cobalt molybdate@nickel cobalt sulfides (CoMoO4@Co1.5Ni1.5S4) hybrids for electrochemical energy storage which are synthesized on Ni foam by a facile hydrothermal method. CoMoO4 microspheres are directly grown on the Ni foam as the core and Co1.5Ni1.5S4 nanorods grown in sequence in shape of branches. This exceptional structure is beneficial for rapid electron transport and fast diffusion of ions owing to the existence of vast channels. Consequently, this hybrid electrode material exhibits an overall improved capacitive performance, including a high specific capacitance of 1405 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and an excellent cyclic stability (92% retained after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1). In addition, an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated which exhibits a high specific capacitance of 221.3 F g−1 collected at 1.5 A g−1, and a high energy density of 127.86 W h kg−1 is gained at a power density of 2003.88 W kg−1. After rapid charging (3 s), two such all-solid-state devices in series light a red light-emitting diode over 10 min. Thus, our work provides a remarkable candidate for energy storage and conversion devices.

Enhancing the supercapacitor performance of flexible MnOxCarbon cloth electrodes by Pd-decoration

Manganese oxide (MnOx)-based hybrid electrode materials have been designed by electrochemical deposition on carbon cloth preliminary activated by palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The synthesis conditions (current density, deposition time) were chosen in such a way as to achieve a stable structure of MnOx with a large surface area. The structural parameters and surface morphology of materials obtained are characterized by Scanning Electron and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and impedance spectroscopy. The attained results indicate that MnOx deposits reviled birnessite-type structural feature. Apart from that, the morphology of MnOx transformed with increasing of current density from needlelike structure to loosely-packed thin sheets and then to closed-packed thicker sheets structures. Different morphology exhibits different specific surface area and electrochemical efficiency. Hence electrochemical analysis reviled the highest specific capacitance (186 F g−1) and cyclic stability for MnOxPdCC with obtained at current density of 1 mA cm−2. It can be explained by the formation of a less dense structure of MnOx (loosely-packed thin sheets) with large specific surface area and thus better permeability for Na+ and SO4−2 ions. As to the role of Pd, its nanoparticles deposited on CC can play a dual role, namely electron conducting passway between CC and MnOx and structure–guiding agent of manganese oxides nucleation and grows.

MoS2/MnO2 heterostructured nanodevices for electrochemical energy storage

Hybrid or composite heterostructured electrode materials have been widely studied for their potential application in electrochemical energy storage. Whereas their physical or chemical properties could be affected significantly by modulating the heterogeneous interface, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this work, we fabricated an electrochemical energy storage device with a MoS2 nanosheet/MnO2 nanowire heterostructure and designed two charge/discharge channels to study the effect of the heterogeneous interface on the energy storage performances. Electrochemical measurements show that a capacity improvement of over 50% is achieved when the metal current collector was in contact with the MnO2 instead of the MoS2 side. We propose that this enhancement is due to the unidirectional conductivity of the MoS2/MnO2 heterogeneous interface, resulting from the unimpeded electrical transport in the MnO2-MoS2 channel along with the blocking effect on the electron transport in the MoS2-MnO2 channel, which leads to reaction kinetics optimization. The present study thus provides important insights that will improve our understanding of heterostructured electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage.

Nanocomposite of Conjugated Polymer/Nano-Flowers Cu(II) Metal-Organic System with 2-Methylpyridinecarboxaldehyde Isonicotinohydrazide as a Novel and Hybrid Electrode Material for Highly Capacitive Pseudocapacitors

Abstract Herein, Cu2[2-mpinh (2-methylpyridinecarboxaldehyde isonicotinohydrazide)2Cl2(H2O)]n or [Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n was first fabricated through a chemical method, and subsequently, POAP/[Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n hybrid films were prepared using electro-polymerization of POAP, carried out in the presence of the as-prepared [Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n nanoparticles, to apply as the active electrode in an electrochemical supercapacitor application. Not only surface analyses but also electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments along with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were conducted to characterize the prepared [Cu2(2-mpinh)2Cl2(H2O)]n composite films and examine the performance of the system, respectively. In this study, novel nanocomposite materials are presented for electrochemical redox capacitors possessing the merits of high active surface area and high stability in an aqueous electrolyte, as well as ease of fabrication.

In Situ Growth of 3D Hierarchical ZnO@NixCo1−x(OH)y Core/Shell Nanowire/Nanosheet Arrays on Ni Foam for High-Performance Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors

In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel battery-type electrode featuring three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical ZnO@Ni x Co1−x(OH) y core/shell nanowire/nanosheet arrays arranged on Ni foam substrate via a two-step protocol including a wet chemical process followed by electro-deposition. We then characterized its composition, structure and surface morphology by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, EDS elemental mapping. Our electrochemical measurements show that the ZnO@Ni0.67Co0.33(OH) y electrode material exhibited a noticeably high specific capacity of as much as 255 (mA·h)/g at 1 A/g. Additionally, it demonstrated a superior rate capability, as well as an excellent cycling stability with 81.6% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 5 A/g. This sample delivered a high energy density of 64 W·h/kg and a power density of 250 W/kg at a current density of 1 A/g. With such remarkable electrochemical properties, we expect the 3D hierarchical hybrid electrode material presented in this work to have promising applications for the next generation of energy storage systems.

Carboxymethylcellulose ammonium-derived nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide hybrids for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.

In this paper, a new type of nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide (N-CFs/MoS2) hybrid electrode materials are prepared via a certain concentration in solvothermal synthesis followed by a high-temperature carbonization process and using the carboxymethylcellulose ammonium (CMC-NH4) as a structure-directing agent for MoS2 nanosheet growth during the solvothermal synthesis process. The addition of CMC-NH4 effectively prevents the agglomeration of MoS2 nanosheets to increase the specific surface area. Moreover, it not only serves as a carbon source to provide conductive pathways, but also introduces N atoms to improve the conductivity of the CFs and promote the transfer of electrons and ions. This ultimately increases the conductivity of the electrode materials. Thus, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS2 hybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance is up to 572.6 F g−1 under a current density of 0.75 A g−1 and the specific capacitance retained 98% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles of charge–discharge tests at a current density of 2.5 A g−1. Moreover, the hybrids show a maximum energy density of 19.5 W h kg−1 at a power density of 94 W kg−1. Therefore, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS2 hybrids with remarkable electrochemical properties, low cost and environment protection show potential for practical application in the development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.