Hybrid Electric Generation System Research Articles

Multiobjective optimization of a hybrid electricity generation system based on waste energy of internal combustion engine and solar system for sustainable environment

In recent years, the interest in generating power through hybrid power generation systems has increased. In this study, a hybrid power generation system including an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a solar system based on flat plate collectors to generate electricity is investigated. To benefit from the thermal energy absorbed by solar collectors, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is considered. In addition to the solar energy absorbed by the collectors, the heat source of the ORC is the wasted heat through exhaust gases and the cooling system of the ICE. A two-pressure configuration for ORC is proposed for optimal heat absorption from the three available heat sources. The proposed system is installed to produce power with a capacity of 10 kW. A bi-objective function optimization process is carried out to design this system. The objective of the optimization process is to minimize the total cost rate and maximize the exergy efficiency of the system. The design variables of the present problem include the ICE rated power, the number of solar flat plate collectors (SFPC), the pressure of the high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) stage of the ORC, the degree of superheating of the HP and LP stage of the ORC, and its condenser pressure. Finally, it is observed among the design variables the most impact on total cost and exergy efficiency is related to the ICE rated power and the number of SFPCs.

Geothermal assisted Rankine cycle for performance enhancement of a biomass-driven power plant; Thermoeconomic and environmental impact assessment

In view of the environmental concerns of increasing fossil fuel consumption, the renewable energy sources are promising alternatives, among which the biomass and geothermal energies are the two most common and mature ones. In the present research, a novel Electricity Generation System (EGS) driven by hybrid biomass fuel and geothermal source is developed and its performance is compared with Typical EGS (TEGS) driven by only the biomass fuel. The TEGS consists of a gas turbine cycle and a steam Rankine cycle equipped with an open-feed water heater (OFWH). In the proposed Hybrid Electricity Generation System (HEGS), the geothermal energy is deployed to heat the feedwater before entering the OFWH, as a result the bottoming Rankine cycle yields more electricity. However, a comprehensive investigation from technical and economic standpoints is required to compare its performance with the relevant TEGS. Therefore, through the application of thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and environmental methodologies, the considered EGSs performance are modeled and comprehensively analyzed. Based on the modeling results, the maximum exergetic efficiency for the TEGS and HEGS is achieved, respectively as 40.8% and 43.05% under the gas turbine inlet temperature of 1550 K. Final optimal operating conditions are determined through a multi-criteria optimization respect to exergetic efficiency and cost criteria. Under these working conditions, the LCOE and exergetic efficiency for the TEGS are calculated to be respectively as 71.22 $/MWh and 43.22%. At this point, net electricity, total exergy destruction rate, and CO2 emission rate are estimated to be as 7750 kW, 9446 kW, and 0.7401 kg/kWh, respectively.

Design and Fabrication of Solar Windmill

In recent era, research and development activities in the field of renewable energy, especially wind and solar, have been considerably increased, due to the worldwide energy crisis and high global emission. Wind turbines & Solar are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. The design of hybrid electricity generation system by utilizing both solar and wind renewable energy to the domestic household in the remote area and for many applications like beside railway tracks, railway stations, highways for power generation, and for charging of electrical vehicle. The primary goal of the project is to design and create a compact wind turbine and solar panel to be used as an efficient way to generate electricity anywhere. It is not possible to operate a horizontal axis wind turbine for domestic use. Because it can function in low wind conditions as well, the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine may be a preferable option. According to tests, hybrid systems are the best option for supplying "high quality" power.

Analysis of a Solar Hybrid Electricity Generation System for a Rural Community in River State, Nigeria

This paper presents the technical and economic analysis of a solar–wind electricity generation system to meet the power requirements of a rural community (Okorobo-Ile Town in Rivers State, Nigeria) using the Renewable—energy and Energy—efficiency Technology Screening (RETScreen) software. The entire load estimation of the region was classified into high class, middle class, and lower class. Two annual electricity export rates were considered: 0.1 USD/KWh and 0.2 USD/KWh. The results from the proposed energy model comprising a 600 kW PV system and a 50 kW wind system showed that with a USD 870,000 initial cost and USD 9600 O&M cost, the annual value of the electricity generated was 902 MWh. The simple payback was 5.1 years with a net present value of USD 3,409,532 when 0.2 USD/KWh was used as the annual export rate instead of 10.8 years for simple payback and an NPV of USD 1,173,766 when 0.1 USD/KWh was used. Thus, there is a potential to install a wind–solar system with average weather conditions of 4.27 kWh/m2/d for the solar irradiance and 3.2 m/s for the wind speed at a 10 m hub height using a rate of 0.2 USD/KWh as the electricity export rate.

Comparison analysis of hydrogen addition into both anode and afterburner of fuel cell incorporated with hybrid renewable energy driven SOFC: An application of techno-environmental horizon and multi-objective optimization

In order to mitigate environmental issues raised by fossil fuel plants, the application of novel technologies driven by clean resources is essential for electricity generation. The fuel cells, in this respect, are of extreme importance; among them, SOFCs are the most proper ones for large-scale power generation plants. The SOFCs, when integrated with biomass gasification, represent a clean, efficient alternative. However, the low hydrogen content of fueling synthesis gas may be challenging. To mitigate this challenge, the present research aims to supply pure hydrogen to be mixed with synthesis gas before entering the anode compartment of SOFC. Wind energy is employed to take advantage of renewable energy for green hydrogen production to produce the required pure hydrogen. Feasibility assessment of a considered novel hybrid electricity generation system is carried out based on thermodynamics laws. Its performance characteristics are compared with a typical biomass-driven SOFC power block. Also, environmental considerations to specify the CO2 emission status of the hybrid plant were taken into account. The results show that with increasing current density, the maximum power values are calculated to be around 267 kW and 283 kW, respectively. Also, the hydrogen-injected framework produces more electricity by 5%–6%, which depends on operating conditions. Such a power generation enhancement has led to greater values for exergetic efficiencies as well as lower values for environmental damage impacts for the novel hybrid structure compared to a typical biomass-driven SOFC unit. Optimization results indicate that at point B, the W˙net and εed respectively become, 330 kW and 0.9.

Designing and Fabrication Non-Conventional Energy: A Review on Literature

Abstract: Energy is important to the economic process and social development of any country. Indigenous energy resources important to be developed to the optimum level so attenuate dependence on foreign fuels, subject to partitioning economic, environmental and social constraints. This is important to a lift in analysis and development likewise as investment in renewable energy business in search of how to satisfy energy demand and to cut back dependency on fossil fuels. Wind and solar power are getting standard due to abundance, handiness and simple harnessing for electric power generation. Reaching the non electrified rural population is presently unfeasible through the extension of the grid, since the affiliation is neither economically possible. Further, there will be increase in oil costs, and also the intolerable impacts of this energy supply on the users and on the surroundings, square measure slowly removing standard energy solutions, like fuel agents based mostly systems, from the agricultural development agendas, “Hybrid Power Generation” i.e. Solar and wind based energy generation. This paper presents the design of hybrid electricity generation system by utilizing both solar and wind renewable energy to the domestic household in the remote area which is unable to connect to the grid. Hybrid systems have tested to be the most effective choice to deliver, “high quality” power.

Pembangkit Energi Listrik Hybrid Mini Menggunakan Turbin Angin Sumbu Vertikal Savonius Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif

Hybrid system is the concept of combining two or more different energy sources to meet the needs of the existing electrical load, so this is expected to overcome energy use if the supply of other electrical energy is problematic. One example is the merging of solar energy and wind energy. The advantages of this hybrid generator are that it is non-polluting, abundant, never runs out and can be used directly or indirectly and is energy for all time. In the wind energy generator section, the type of Savonius vertical axis wind turbine is used, where this turbine is very suitable for use in low-speed wind types such as the one in the city of Palembang using the MY-1016 generator with an output power of 350 Watt. The mini hybrid electric energy generation system uses a savonius vertical axis wind turbine as an alternative energy source consisting of several components, including: Savonius vertical axis wind turbine, MY-1016 Generator, Controller, Internet of Things (IOT), Anemometer sensor, INA219 current sensor, Energy storage system (battery, pump storage), and 1500-Watt Inverter.

Hybrid wind-municipal solid waste biomass power plant location selection considering waste collection problem: a case study

ABSTRACT Significant increments of energy demand and the need to decarbonize the existing energy systems motivate policymakers to utilize renewable energy resources. Accordingly, this paper suggests a hybrid electricity generation system that operates with wind and municipal solid waste biomass to generate monotonous currents and protect the environment by using a portion of the urban wastes. To select a hybrid power plant location, Z-number data envelopment analysis is employed considering economic, social, environmental, and strategic factors, in addition to reliability of fuzzy data. Furthermore, a routing problem is solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal cost of urban waste gathering. As a case study, the model is applied to thirty-one cities in Iran; Shahrbabak, Meymeh, and Birjand are three cities selected as optimal hybrid power plant locations. Finally, the sensitivity analysis results indicate the importance of globally adopting land cost and distance from power distribution network factors.

Optimal Synergy between Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Green Power Supply of a Green Building—A Case Study

Alternative energy resources have a significant function in the performance and decarbonization of power engendering schemes in the building application domain. Additionally, “green buildings” play a special role in reducing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions in the building sector. This research article analyzes the performance of alternative primary energy sources (sun and hydrogen) integrated into a hybrid photovoltaic panel/fuel cell system, and their optimal synergy to provide green energy for a green building. The study addresses the future hydrogen-based economy, which involves the supply of hydrogen as the fuel needed to provide fuel cell energy through a power distribution infrastructure. The objective of this research is to use fuel cells in this field and to investigate their use as a green building energy supply through a hybrid electricity generation system, which also uses photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy. The fuel cell hydrogen is supplied through a distribution network in which hydrogen production is outsourced and independent of the power generation system. The case study creates virtual operating conditions for this type of hybrid energy system and simulates its operation over a one-year period. The goal is to demonstrate the role and utility of fuel cells in virtual conditions by analyzing energy and economic performance indicators, as well as carbon dioxide emissions. The case study analyzes the optimal synergy between photovoltaic panels and fuel cells for the power supply of a green building. In the simulation, an optimally configured hybrid system supplies 100% of the energy to the green building while generating carbon dioxide emissions equal to 11.72% of the average value calculated for a conventional energy system providing similar energy to a standard residential building. Photovoltaic panels account for 32% of the required annual electricity production, and the fuel cells generate 68% of the total annual energy output of the system.

Optimal Operation of the Hybrid Electricity Generation System Using Multiverse Optimization Algorithm.

The ongoing load-shedding and energy crises due to mismanagement of energy produced by different sources in Pakistan and increasing dependency on those sources which produce energy using expensive fuels have contributed to rise in load shedding and price of energy per kilo watt hour. In this paper, we have presented the linear programming model of 95 energy production systems in Pakistan. An improved multiverse optimizer is implemented to generate a dataset of 100000 different solutions, which are suggesting to fulfill the overall demand of energy in the country ranging from 9587 MW to 27208 MW. We found that, if some of the power-generating systems are down due to some technical problems, still we can get our demand by following another solution from the dataset, which is partially utilizing the particular faulty power system. According to different case studies, taken in the present study, based on the reports about the electricity short falls been published in news from time to time, we have presented our solutions, respectively, for each case. It is interesting to note that it is easy to reduce the load shedding in the country, by following the solutions presented in our dataset. Graphical analysis is presented to further elaborate our findings. By comparing our results with state-of-the-art algorithms, it is interesting to note that an improved multiverse optimizer is better in getting solutions with lower power generation costs.

Thermo-economic assessment of biomass gasification-based power generation system consists of solid oxide fuel cell, supercritical carbon dioxide cycle and indirectly heated air turbine

This study energetically, exergetically and economically analyses a hybrid electricity generation system. The proposed system is a combination of a biomass gasifier, a solid oxide fuel cell module, an indirectly heated air turbine and a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle. Influences of major designing and operating plant parameters, viz. current density of the solid oxide fuel cell, pressure ratio of the air compressor, turbine inlet temperature of the CO2 gas turbine, on the performance of the proposed system have been examined. The proposed system exhibits the highest first law efficiency of 51% at the current density of 2000 A/m2 and cell temperature of 1123 K, air compressor pressure ratio of 4.4, CO2 gas turbine inlet pressure and temperature of 10.14 MPa and 423 K. At this aforesaid condition, the proposed system exhibits a second law efficiency of 45%. It is found that the highest amount (40.70%) of exergy destruction takes place at the biomass gasifier, followed by the solid oxide fuel cell (20.05%). The economic analysis predicts that the minimum achievable levelized unit cost of electricity is 0.095 $/kWh.

RER Based Hybrid Technology for power Generation System: Pollution Free from GHG

This paper is presented to observe the conversion of renewable strength resources (RER) into electric power in a standalone hybrid electricity generation system. Recent electricity generation scenarios all over the world are not eco-friendly because the generation systems are by and large depending on fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gasoline (GHG) which contributes to worldwide warming. In this, the aggregate of two electricity resources is taking location i.e. Wind and solar energy. Solar panels are used for converting solar power and wind generators are used for converting wind power into strength. This electrical electricity era can function for numerous purposes. Generation of strength will take place at an affordable cost. This paper provides the Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Technology for Power technology that extracts the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate power. System manage relies particularly at the microcontroller. It ensures the optimal utilization of assets and consequently improves the efficiency as related to their person mode of the technology system. Also, it will increase the reliability and decreases the dependence on one unmarried source. This hybrid solarwind energy generating machine is appropriate for industries and additionally for home areas with reasonable price without unfavorable the natural stability like Pollution Free from GHG.

Design of Stand-Alone Hybrid Power Generation System at Brumbun Beach Tulungagung East Java

Indonesian government insists to optimize the use of renewable energy resources in electricity generation. One of the efforts is launching Independent Energy Village plan. This program aims to fulfill the need of electricity for isolated or remote villages in Indonesia. In order to support the penetration of renewable energy resources in electricity generation, a hybrid power generation system is developed. The simulation in this research is based on the availability of renewable energy resources in Brumbun beach, Tulungagung, East Java. Initially, the electricity was supplied through stand-alone electricity generations which are installed at each house. Hence, the use of electricity between 5 p.m. – 9 p.m. requires high operational costs. Based on the problem above, this research is conducted to design a stand-alone hybrid electricity generation system, which may consist of diesel, wind, and photovoltaic. The design is done by using HOMER software to optimize the use of electricity from renewable resources and to reduce the operation of diesel generation. The combination of renewable energy resources in electricity generation resulted in NPC of $ 44.680, COE of $ 0,268, and CO2 emissions of 0,038 % much lower than the use of diesel generator only.

Optimal Hybrid Renewable Airport Power System: Empirical Study on Incheon International Airport, South Korea

In response to global energy problems (e.g., the oil crisis, the Fukushima accident, the Paris Agreement), the South Korean government has executed a strict renewable energy plan to decrease the country’s dependence on fossil fuel. Public facilities, such as international airports, which use substantial amounts of electricity, are the most in need of government regulation. In this study, we attempt to determine the optimal hybrid electricity generation system for South Korea’s largest airport: Incheon International Airport. In the analysis, we use three scenarios: the current load, 120% of the current load, and 140% of the current load, according to the plan to expand Incheon International Airport. According to the COE (cost of electricity) and the NPC (net present cost) of the result, it is economically feasible to completely cover the potential increase in the electric load with PV power. Government policy implications and limitations are discussed.

Modeling and Optimization of Decentralized Microgrid System for St. Martin’s Island in Bangladesh

St. Martin’s Island is a little Island in the Bay of Bengal about 9 km far from the main land of Bangladesh. Nearly 5000 residents live there and fishing is their primary livelihood and as a tourist spot there are many lodges and rest houses. Since the Island is far away from the convenential national grid connection is almost unachievable even in future as a result of its geographical location. Locally installed diesel generator is used to provide electricity to inhabitants is established by power development board of Bangladesh but now it is not in operation. In this paper, an effort has been made to model a microgrid by means of hybrid electricity generation system for a small society of the Island. This system incorporates an arrangement of solar PV, wind turbine, storage battery, biogas and diesel generator. HOMER is software for optimization of renewable based amalgamative distributed generation systems has been used to find out the preeminent technical effective renewable based energy efficient system for 650 family units. Sensitivity analysis is also completed to perceive the impact of solar insolation, PV investment cost and wind speed and diesel fuel price on the optimum result. During peak load the convenential diesel generator is switched on after covering demand by renewable source. The results of the propose system shows that due to emphasize on renewable energy sources the greenhouse gas can be minimized and this proposed system produces 12000kg of carbon-dioxide, 32.2kg of carbon-monoxide and 23.8kg of sulfur dioxide per year which is comparatively less than the average produced greenhouse. This system produces carbon-dioxide emission of approximately12000kg per year whereas 700kW diesel generator produces 413kg per hour.

Applied Research of Convertible Wind-Solar Hybrid System on Matlab

This paper designed the wind-solar hybrid electricity generation system, it might offer users reliable power supply when the climate and other factors change. The system has a variety of operation modes, can be either manually or automatically transforms. Each mode can be selected manually switching storage batteries to achieve the reliable power supply and prolong the battery service life. Through Matlab simulation analysis, the feasibility of the control system has been verified. Simulation results show that the system output stability, it can satisfy user demand.

Hybrid energy system for St. Martin Island, Bangladesh: An optimized model

Abstract St. Martin's island is a small island in the Bay of Bengal about 9 km south of the main land of Bangladesh. Nearly 6000 inhabitants live there and fishing is their primary livelihood. Since the island is far away from the main land grid connection is almost impossible in terms of cost and geographic location. However, the electricity demand is partly fulfilled by stand alone diesel generators. In this study, an attempt has been made to model a hybrid electricity generation system for a small community of the island. This system incorporates a combination of solar PV, wind turbine, battery and diesel generator. HOMER software is used to analyze and find out the optimum configuration among a set of systems for electricity requirement for 100 households and 10 shops. The system must satisfy the requirements of 78 kWh/day primary load with 20 kW peak load. Sensitivity analysis is also done to see the impact of solar insolation, PV investment cost, wind speed and diesel fuel price on the optimum result. Solar PV (8 kWp), 2 wind turbines (3 kW) each, diesel generator (15 kW) and 25 batteries (800Ah each) hybrid system is found to be the best among all the configuration in terms of cost of electricity (COE).This configuration gives lowest COE Tk 26.54 / kWh (US$ 0.345/kWh) and total net present cost (NPC) of Tk 10,620,388 (USD$ 137,927) with a renewable fraction of 31%. This system can reduce CO2 emission by about14 tons per year compared to diesel generator only.

Overall Performance Evaluation of Wind Power and Micro-CAES Hybrid Electricity-Generation System

Micro-CAES can balance fluctuations in supply and demand of electricity. In this technology, air is compressed with a motor/generator using low cost, off-peak or discarded electricity from wind power and stored underground in caverns or pipes. This pressurized air is released then be burned with gas in a combustor. The hot expanding gases drive a micro-turbo expander and run a motor/generator which, in turn, produces electricity during peak demand periods. By considering the factors including economy, reliability, environment protection, and CO2 emission, a fuzzy overall evaluation model for different power supply mode is proposed. The related calculation and optimization are made. Linking with wind power, the overall performance of micro-CAES is best.

Power control of a photovoltaic array in a hybrid electric generation system using sliding mode techniques

A variable structure controller to regulate the output power of a standalone hybrid generation system is presented. The system comprises photovoltaic and wind generation, a storage battery bank and a variable monophasic load. The control law admits two modes of operation. The first takes place when the insolation regime is sufficient to satisfy the power demand. The second mode of operation takes place under insufficient insolation regimes. The latter leads the system operation at the maximum power operation point (MPOP) to save as much stored energy as possible. A new method based on the IncCond algorithm is developed. Sliding mode control techniques are used to design the control law. These techniques provide a simple control law design framework and contribute with their well known robustness properties. Finally, guidelines based on chattering considerations are given for the design of the practical system.