Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion System Research Articles

Step-by-step Small-Signal Modeling and Control of a Light Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion System

This paper develops step-by-step a complete electric model of a light hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system. This model includes the vehicle mass, the radius and mass of the wheels, the aerodynamic profile of the vehicle, the electric motor and the motor drive, among other elements. Each element of the model is represented by a set of equations, which lead to getting an equivalent electric circuit. Based on this model, the outer and inner loop compensators of the motor drive control circuit are designed to provide stability and a fast dynamic response to the system. To achieve this, the steady-state equations and the small-signal model of the equivalent electric circuit are also obtained. Furthermore, as these elements are the main load of the power distribution system of the fully electric and light hybrid electric vehicle, the input impedance model of the set composed of the input filter, the motor drive, the motor, and the vehicle is presented. This input impedance is especially useful to get the system stability of the entire power distribution system.

Optimization of 6S-14P E-Core Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Research on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) which combined battery based electric motor and conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) have been intensively increased since the last decade due to their promising solution that can reduce global warming. Some examples of electric motors designed for HEV propulsion system at present are dc motor, induction motor (IM), interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and switched reluctance motor (SRM). Although IPMSMs are considered to be one of the successful electric motor used in HEVs, several limitations such as distributed armature windings, un-control permanent magnet (PM) flux and higher rotor mechanical stress should be resolved. In this paper, design improvement of E-Core hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications are presented. With concentrated armature and field excitation coil (FEC) windings, variable flux capability and robust rotor structure, performances of initial and improved 6S-14PE-Core HEFSM are analyzed. The improved topology has achieved highest torque and power of 246.557Nm and 187.302 kW, respectively.

Direct synchronous-asynchronous conversion system for hybrid electrical vehicle applications. An energy-based modeling approach

This paper presents a proposal for a series hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system. This new configuration is based on a wound-rotor synchronous generator (WRSM) and a doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM). The energy-based model of the whole system is obtained taking advantage of the capabilities of the port-based modeling techniques. From the dq port-controlled Hamiltonian description of the WRSM and DFIM, the Hamiltonian model of the proposed Direct Synchronous-Asynchronous Conversion System (DiSAC) is developed. Subsequently, the bond graph models of the DiSAC and associate systems are also provided. Numerical simulations are also presented in order to validate the proposed system.

REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING THROUGH ADVANCED VEHICLE DESIGN

Global warming has been identified as one of the most important problems facing mankind in the 21st century. Currently, some 6 gigatonnes of CO2 are emitted each year as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels, and a large fraction of these emissions originate from the transportation sector. By examining the complete energy conversion chain, the choice of primary energy source for any particular application becomes easier to understand. A discussion of alternatives to the internal combustion engine as the sole power source for vehicular propulsion is presented, and some form of hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system is identified as being a likely choice to reduce fossil fuel consumption, and therefore CO2 emissions from the transportation sector. The demonstrated market success of grid-independent hybrid vehicles may be followed by a new design of “plug-in hybrid” vehicles in which it is possible to travel for up to 100 km in an all-electric mode, while maintaining the option of using an internal combustion engine when greater range between charging cycles is required.

Application of Direct-Drive Wheel Motor for Fuel Cell Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion System

This paper presents a gearless wheel motor drive system specifically designed for fuel cell electric and hybrid electric vehicle propulsion application. The system includes a liquid-cooled axial flux permanent-magnet machine designed to meet the direct-drive requirements. The machine design implements techniques to increase the machine inductance in order to improve machine constant power range and high-speed efficiency. The implemented technique reduces machine spin loss to further improve efficiency. The machine design also optimizes the placement of magnets in the rotor to reduce cogging and ripple torque. An original cooling system arrangement based on the use of high thermal conductivity epoxy joining machine stator and liquid-cooled aluminum casing allows the very effective removal of machine power loss. Design details and experimental results are presented

Hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system architectures of the e-CVT type

There is now significant interest in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems globally. Economics play a major role as evidenced by oil prices in North America pressing upwards of $100/Bbl coupled with a customer preference for full size crossover and sport utility vehicles. The situation in Oceania is milder, but emerging markets such as China are experiencing automotive sector growth rates of 37%/year. Europe remains least affected by hybrids since nearly 47% of all new vehicles sold are diesel fueled and have economy ratings on par with that of gasoline-electric hybrids. In the global economy there are presently some 57 Mil new vehicles manufactured each year. Toyota and Honda have projected that HEVs will be 10 % to 15 % of the U.S. market by 2009, with Toyota raising the bar further by stating they will produce 1 Mil hybrids a year in the 2012 time frame. Hybrid propulsion system types are only vaguely comprehended by the buying public, and to a large measure, even by technical professionals. This paper addresses this latter issue by presenting a summary of the globally accepted standard in hybrid power trains-the power split architecture, or more generically and in common usage, the electronic-continuously variable transmission

Optimal reliability allocation under uncertain conditions, with application to hybrid electric vehicle design

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the investigation of the main aspects of optimal reliability allocation with respect to the design of hybrid electric vehicles. In particular, with reference to the hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system, the problem of data uncertainty, due to a scarce knowledge of the components' reliabilities, is taken into account. This problem is crucial for new technology systems and it is faced with a Bayesian approach: components' reliabilities are considered as random variables, characterised in the paper by negative log‐gamma distributions.Design/methodology/approachThe main aspects of optimal reliability allocation with the design of hybrid electric vehicles are presented, pointing out the opportunity of a reliability evaluation in the planning stage.FindingsThe topic of a series hybrid vehicle reliability is addressed, nevertheless results can be easily extended to the parallel configuration. In particular, the opportunity of a reliability evaluation of the propulsion system in the design stage is highlighted, mainly when new technology components are involved.Originality/valueThe value of the paper consists in the methodology allowing to express the system reliability uncertainty as a function of component uncertain data. Then, as far as concern the practical implications, the optimal allocation of the components' reliabilities can be efficiently performed, in order to minimise the system total cost respecting a prefixed value of the system reliability. In the final part of the paper, a numerical application, related to a series hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system, is presented to show the feasibility of the approach.

Control System for a 373 kW, Intercooled, Two-Spool Gas Turbine Engine Powering a Hybrid Electric World Sports Car Class Vehicle

SatCon Technology Corporation has completed design, fabrication, and the first round of test of a 373 kW (500 hp), two-spool, intercooled gas turbine engine with integral induction type alternators. This turbine alternator is the prime mover for a World Sports Car class hybrid electric vehicle under development by Chrysler Corporation. The complete hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system features the 373 kW (500 hp) turbine alternator unit, a 373 kW (500 hp) 3.25 kW-h (4.36 hp-h) flywheel, a 559 kW (750 hp) traction motor, and the propulsion system control system. This paper presents and discusses the major attributes of the control system associated with the turbine alternator unit. Also discussed is the role and operational requirements of the turbine alternator unit as part of the complete hybrid electric vehicle propulsion system.