Hybrid Clones Research Articles

Genome-Wide Characterization of AspATs in Populus: Gene Expression Variation and Enzyme Activities in Response to Nitrogen Perturbations

Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) catalyzes a reversible transamination reaction between glutamate and oxaloacetate to yield aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate, exerting a primary role in amino acid biosynthesis and homeostasis of nitrogen (N) and carbon metabolism within all cellular organisms. While progress in biochemical characterization of AspAT has been made for decades, the molecular and physiological characteristics of different members of the AspAT gene family remain poorly known particularly in forest trees. Here, extensive genome-wide survey of AspAT encoding genes was implemented in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray), a model species of woody plants. Thorough inspection of the phylogenies, gene structures, chromosomal distribution, cis-elements, conserved motifs, and subcellular targeting resulted in the identification of 10 AspAT isogenes (PtAspAT1-10) in the Populus genome. RNA-seq along with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation revealed that PtAspATs displayed diverse patterns of tissue-specific expression. Spatiotemporal expressions of homologous AspATs in the poplar hybrid clone ‘Nanlin895’ were further evaluated, showing that gene expressions varied depending on source-sink dynamics. The impact on AspAT transcripts upon N starvation and seasonal senescence showed the upregulation of five AspAT in leaves concurrent with drastic downregulation of six or more AspATs in roots. Additionally, marked reductions of many more AspATs transcripts were observed in roots upon N excess. Accordingly, AspAT activities were significantly suppressed upon N starvation by an in-gel assay, prompting the argument that enzyme activity was a more direct indicator of the growth morphology under a N stress regime. Taken together, the expression profiling and enzyme activities upon stress cues provide a theoretical basis for unraveling the physiological significance of specific gene(s) in regulation of N acquisition and remobilization in woody plants.

Components of Tree Biomass in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

Aims: This study performed the adjustment of volumetric models, and determined the biomass of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid cultivated in a crop-livestock-forest integration system (CLF).
 Study Design: The experimental area consists of a crop-livestock-forest integration system where trees are hybrids clones of seven year old Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla.
 Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out at Fazenda Santa Brígida, Ipameri, Goiás (Brazil).
 Methodology: A forest inventory of the area was carried out in October 2015 when the tree component was fully developed. Diameter at breast height (DBH) (at 1.30 m) and total height (H) of trees were measured in the field and categorized according to 4 classes. Afterwards, 12 trees were felled, which were cubed and compartmentalized to determine the volume and biomass of their components. The volumetric models developed by Schumacher & Hall and Ogaya were applied to obtain determination coefficients.
 Results: The average DBH was 18.28 cm and the average H was 23.47 m. The highest volumes of wood were observed in the diametric classes that presented the largest number of individuals, however in the class of higher DBH an average individual volume of 0.36 m3 of wood was observed. The total biomass of Eucalyptus was 56.64 Mg ha-1, being 83.70% wood, 6.52% in branches, 6.37% in bark and 3.40% in leaves.
 Conclusion: The volumetric models developed by Schumacher and Hall as well as Ogaya were found to be applicable for estimating the volume of wood in CLF systems, where both showed a determination coefficient of 0.866.

Winners have higher pre-copulatory mating success but losers have better post-copulatory outcomes.

In many animals, the outcomes of competitive interactions can have lasting effects that influence an individual's reproductive success and have important consequences for the strength and direction of evolution via sexual selection. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, males that have won previous contests are more likely to win in subsequent conflicts and losers are more likely to lose (winner-loser effects), but the direct fitness consequences and genetic underpinnings of this plasticity are poorly understood. Here, we tested how male genotype and the outcomes of previous male-male conflicts influence male pre- and post-copulatory success. We quantified pre-copulatory success in a choice and no-choice context, and post-copulatory success by quantifying ejaculate offensive and defensive ability. We found that winners have higher reproductive success compared to losers in both pre-copulatory scenarios. However, losers consistently mated for a longer duration, boosted female fecundity and had an increased paternity share when they were the first males to mate, suggesting increased investment into post-copulatory mechanisms. Finally, by using clonal hybrids from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, we documented that genetic variation explained a sizeable proportion of the observed differences between lines, and of the interaction between line and winner and loser effects. Our results place the behavioural data on winner-loser effects in an evolutionary context by documenting the potential fitness gain to males from altering their reproductive strategy based on fighting experience. Our data may also explain the presence and maintenance of trade-offs between different male reproductive strategies.

LUMINOUS INTERCEPTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES AT DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Combinations of species, cultivars, clones and structural arrangements are cited as possibilities that may determine the interactions between these system components and management, needing to be better understood, especially in relation to shading capacity. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the light interception of Eucalyptus spp. clones at different structural arrangements for integrated production systems. An experiment was installed in randomized blocks design with five replications, in factorial scheme 4 x 2. Four structural arrangements A1 = Triple row (3,5 x 3,5 x 3,5) + 88 m; A2 = Double row (3,5 x 3,5) + 44 m; A3 = Single row 4 x 22 m; and A4 = Single row 4 x 11 m and two hybrids clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis. For the estimation of the luminosity characteristics, the CI-110 imager equipment was used for estimate: the leaf area index, the average leaf angle, the coefficient of transmission, the sunflecks and the photosynthetically active radiation. Data were analyzed by variance analysis and the averages of the values of characteristics were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The single row arrangement A4 promoted to the clones the greater shading capacity, characterized by high values of leaf area index, lower values of photosynthetically active radiation and by the densification of the arrangement of the other rows of alleys.

Leticia: nueva variedad mexicana de nochebuena para interiores

La nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) es originaria de México y Mesoamérica. Su cultivo depende de variedades mejoradas provenientes del extranjero, lo que ocasiona fuga de divisas y pérdidas económicas. Actualmente está restringida su importación. Esto representa una oportunidad para ofertar variedades generadas en el país. El INIFAP, Campo Experimental Zacatepec realiza la mejora genética de nochebuena. Así, en 2010 por cruza manual entre MOR13 x MORPR10 se obtuvo progenie F1, la cual se evaluó en 2011 y en el ciclo inmediato se incrementó el número de plantas. En 2013 se injertó por cuña la progenie híbrida clonal (púa) con una variedad comercial (patrón), en 2014 se obtuvieron esquejes del injerto, se cultivaron hasta planta terminada y se seleccionó de acuerdo al biotipo que demanda el mercado. En 2015 se evaluó en vivero en Tetela del Monte, Cuernavaca, Morelos. En 2016 se realizó la descripción varietal con denominación de Leticia. Esta variedad presenta porte intermedio de gran amplitud con ramificación intermedia, hojas de forma oval de gran tamaño con peciolos de longitud media, brácteas de forma elíptica y de color rojo. Es de respuesta intermedia, la pigmentación de brácteas se presenta nueve semanas después del inicio de otoño.

Germplasm with Resistance to Potato virus Y Derived from Solanum chacoense: Clones M19 (39–7) and M20 (XD3)

Potato virus Y (PVY) causes one of the most serious and widespread diseases in North America. In recent years, the virus has become increasingly difficult to control. Durable dominant genes for resistance to PVY exist in potato germplasm and provide an effective control strategy. This paper describes a Solanum chacoense clone (M19) that is homozygous for a PVY resistance gene. The gene is linked to a previously published marker for Rychc found in Solanum chacoense. M19 was crossed with a diploid S. tuberosum clone to produce an adapted clone carrying the resistance gene. This hybrid clone is named M20. M20 tuberizes in the field, producing round tubers with white skin and flesh and moderate size. M20 is resistant to PVYO, PVYN:O, and PVYNTN. Both M19 and M20 are female and male fertile, so they are being released as sources of PVY resistance for breeding programs.

Wood‐rotting basidiomycetes are a minor component of fungal communities associated with Acacia hybrid trees grown for sawlogs in South Vietnam

AbstractAcacia hybrid (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) clones are widely planted in Vietnam with a total of approximately 400,000 ha to meet the demand for pulpwood, sawn timber and wood chip exports. Silvicultural techniques such as pruning and thinning have been applied to improve productivity and sawlog quality of Acacia hybrid plantations. However, those techniques may also create opportunities for wood decay fungi to enter the Acacia hybrid stems through wounds and cause stem defects that reduce sawlog quality and the value of the plantation. The presence of fungal decay agents in Acacia hybrid trees was examined in two Vietnamese plantations. In July 2011, just prior to a second thinning, discoloured wood samples were taken from a three‐year‐old Acacia hybrid plantation at Phan Truong Hai for the isolation of fungi. In July 2012, approximately 18 months after pruning and thinning treatments, discoloured wood samples were taken from a three‐year‐old Acacia hybrid plantation at Nghia Trung for the isolation of fungi. DNA sequencing of the rDNA ITS identified the isolates. In May 2015, approximately 4 years after thinning and fertilizer treatments, discoloured and decayed wood samples were taken from the above (7‐year‐old) Acacia hybrid plantation at Phan Truong Hai for fungal identification. DNA was extracted directly from discoloured and decayed wood samples and fungal rDNA ITS amplicons sequenced on a Roche 454 sequencer. The results showed that silvicultural treatments did not affect the fungal communities associated with discoloured and decayed wood of Acacia hybrid plantation at Phan Truong Hai. A total of 135 fungal species or OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified, including 82 members of Ascomycota and 52 Basidiomycota.

Overexpression of both flowering time genes AtSOC1 and SaFUL revealed huge influence onto plant habitus in poplar

The MADS box genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) and FRUITFULL (FUL) are widely known to be involved in the determination of flowering time and the transition from vegetative to reproductive meristem identity in A. thaliana and many other plant species. Analog to the induction of SOC1 and FUL, double mutants in Arabidopsis revealed both secondary cell wall and wood formation. We tested a putative influence of the overexpression of both genes onto growth and plant habitus in the perennial genus Populus. Two different poplar hybrid clones were transformed with SOC1 from A. thaliana (AtSOC1) and FUL from Sinapis alba (SaFUL). Both genes were under the control of the CaMV-35S promoter to induce constitutive overexpression. Regenerated single and double transgenic lines were transferred to the glasshouse and cultivated for up to two vegetation periods. Parallel overexpression of both genes led to plants with a significantly restricted plant growth compared to both untransformed controls and single transgenic plants. Extreme phenotypes also exhibit a different overall habitus of plants and leaf morphology. Thus, both genes seem to be involved in plant habitus and biomass formation in poplar. This study confirms the hypothesis that the two MADS box genes SOC1 and FUL are not only part of reproductive meristem regulation but also involved in vegetative meristem growth. In the next step, downregulation of all SOC1 and FUL genes in poplar by genome editing could lead to increased plant growth and biomass formation.

Biomass production of poplar short rotation coppice over five and six rotations and its aptitude as a fuel

Cultivations of poplar short rotation coppices (SRC) over five/six 3-year rotation cycles of three clones of Populus nigra and one interspecific commercial hybrid clone were studied in the Czech Republic at three sites with different environmental conditions. Two sites were planted in 1998 and the other was planted in 2002. This study focused on the evaluation of the growth and biomass yields, and on the biomass aptitude to be used as a fuel. Plant mortality, ranging between 10% and 100%, was found as a determinant variable for SRC management. Biomass yield decreased comparatively with earlier harvests, with only the commercial clone delivering productivity levels higher than 11 Mg ha−1.yr−1. The sixth harvest was applied to a single mid-level site quality profile, marginal to food cultivations. This site was subjected to an intensive management during the first four rotations with fertilization, herbicide application and soil discing. These treatments were central to assure the high plant survival rate after the sixth rotation with adequate biomass productivity. The number of shoots per plant was higher in the site chosen for extension of lifecyle, supporting the hypothesis that this variable, by facilitating resprouting, allows a cultivation to withhold further rotations. The harvested biomass was found appropriate to be used as a fuel. The results suggest that the sustainability of SRC poplar cultivations can be achieved under lifecycles longer than 20 years, under 3-year rotation cycles, with proper clones, site and management practices.

English

Field experiment was conducted in year 2015/2016 at the National Cereals Research Institute Badeggi, Niger State (sugarcane research field) to evaluate the performance of sixteen sugarcane genotypes. The clones were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Analysis of variance showed significant differentiation among studied genotypes. The results revealed that among the evaluated genotypes ILS 708-05 was characterized by highest potential cane yield (105.54 t/ha). BD 1576-14 significantly had highest brix (24.90%) among the tested clones. Genotypes that performed better than the Check ([Standard] B 47419) in terms of cane yield, less flowers and tolerance to smut should be advance to multi-location trials. Key words: Saccharum officinarum, hybrid clones, brix and morpho-agronomic traits.

Results of the intersectional poplar hybrids’ testing in the Central Chernozem region

The main purpose of this work is to summarize the results of long-term variety testing of the intersectional hybrids obtained from controlled crosses of balsamic poplars with black and black poplars with balsamic ones. The research objectives were to study the growth, sustainability and productivity of intersectional poplar hybrids and to select the best of them. The object of research was the collection and testing site (populetum) made in 1974 on Typical Chernozem soil by stem cuttings with arrangement place 5 × 4 m in Semiluki forest nursery situated in Voronezh region. 13 clones of intersectional poplar hybrids were introduced into the test. The results of 40-year studies of their survival, height and diameter growth, trunk volume and wood stock dynamics are presented, which allowed identifying the most promising poplars’ intersectional hybrids proposed in the assortment for the creation of the most fast-growing and sustainable forest and shelter belt plantations in the region. By the age of quantitative timber maturity of intersectional poplar hybrids (i.e. 25 years) their survival was 83-100 %, and the wood stock – 462 -641 m3/ha. Further by the age of 40 their productivity and sustainability also remained quite high (survival 63-96 %, wood stock – 417-764 m3/ha).

Selection of superior clones of Corymbia hybrids based on wood and charcoal properties

The use of fast-growing trees is a good economic strategy for charcoal production. Wood with adequate chemical and physical properties generally is positively correlated with charcoal quality. The objective of this research was to evaluate wood quality from fast-growing hybrids for charcoal production. Three Corymbia citriodora x Corymbia torelliana and four Corymba torelliana x Corymba citriodora hybrid clones were evaluated. Parameters used to evaluate wood quality were wood basic density, elemental and structural chemical composition, energy efficiency and thermogravimetric analysis and the parameters evaluated for charcoal quality were apparent relative density, gravimetric yield, high heating value, proximate analysis and energy efficiency. All clones had wood basic density superior than 0.5 g cm-3 and ash inferior than 1%, which are desirable for a good quality of charcoal. Lignin content did not differ among clones with an average less than the 28% recommended for energetic use. Besides clones differed in wood parameters, as dry matter, high heating value, energy density, total extractives, holocellulose content, it did not reflect in charcoal quality differences. Wood from all clones had equal and satisfying high heating value of charcoal and energy efficiency quality for charcoal production and differed in apparent relative density and ash content.

The legacy of sexual ancestors in phenotypic variability, gene expression and homoeolog regulation of clonal fish hybrids and polyploids

The legacy of sexual ancestors in phenotypic variability, gene expression and homoeolog regulation of clonal fish hybrids and polyploids

Correlations between Eucalyptus Clonal Cutting Quality and Performance after Planting

ABSTRACT This study assessed correlations of different characteristics of cuttings in the nursery of three hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla and growth in height after planting. The characteristic that presented greatest correlation with the initial growth was the canopy height and cutting height ratio. At 12 and 24 months in the field, the stem diameter was more important. The parameters assessed in the nursery that correlated positively with growth in the field at three and six months after planting were height, number of leaf pairs, number of root deformations and clod length. At 12 and 24 months the parameters that correlated negatively were diameter, number of leaf pairs and the number of root deformations. Despite presenting significant correlation, root deformations did not interfere in the initial growth of the plants under high rainfall conditions, but the effects became harmful over time resulting in a reduction in plant growth.

УСТОЙЧИВЫЕ К ФИТОФТОРОЗУ ГИБРИДНЫЕ КЛОНЫ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ ВИР

Background . Late blight (LB) causes serious damage to potato crop. The genetic diversity of potato and their wild relatives in the VIR collection served as the basis for creating interspecific hybrids. Objective of the study . Selection of hybrid potato clones with high and long-term resistance to LB and identification of genotypes that can serve as the most promising sources of new LB resistance genes or new alleles of the already known resistance genes. Materials and methods . In 2015-2017, 45 hybrid clones with genetic material from two to nine species of Solanum L. section Petota Dumort. and six potato varieties were assessed in field conditions in the Northwestern and Central regions of Russia. The index of plant damage by P. infestans (rAUDPC), relative resistance to LB (Sx) and damage to plants at the end of growth period were determined. Thirty-six genotypes were evaluated in the lab for resistance to highly aggressive P. infestans isolates from the collection of VNIIF (All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology). In parallel, DNA markers were used to reveal three genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance to P. infestance (Rpi). Results and conclusions . The initial period of infection, the rate of pathogen development and the degree of potato crop damage by LB differed significantly in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The relationship between rAUDPC values in different years of study was statistically significant for hybrids and potato varieties (r = 0.87-0.94). Each year, var. 'Sarpo Mira', clones 10 / 05-09 and 50/1 KBA were highly resistant to LB (Sx = 7-8 points). As to other potato genotypes, the values of the Sx index varied between the years of the study. 'Sarpo Mira' and 12 clones, namely 38 KVA, 24-1, 24-2, 16/27-09, 4-1-2012, 118-5-2011, 39-1-2005, 50/1 KBA, 12/1-09, 171-3, 134-2-2006 and 15/13-09 were highly resistant to artificial infection with P. infestans. The average degree of consistency of potato resistance assessments in the field and laboratory experiments was established: the Spearman correlation coefficient r was 0.45-0.50 (p <0.05). In the cluster analysis, 36 potato genotypes were divided into three groups, which differed significantly in their resistance to LB under various environmental conditions. High resistance to LB correlated with the presence of resistance genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance (R8 = Rpi-smira2 in 'Sarpo Mira' and Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2 and Rpi-vnt1 in interspecific hybrids).

Responses of coppiced Eucalyptus to macro- and micronutrient application

Coppicing is a widely adopted management system for forest plantations; however, little information is available pertaining to responses to fertilizer application. Our objective was therefore to assess the effect of individual and conjunct omissions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, and Cu on the growth of a highly productive Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis hybrid clone, managed for coppicing at the second rotation, in two soils of contrasting fertility in southeastern Brazil. Two commercial sites of approximately 7 years of age, one in an Arenosol and the other in a Ferralsol, were harvested and the experiments installed. At the Arenosol site, the yield from the fertilizer treatment in the coppice system (R2) was the same as determined for the first rotation (high forest; R1), at approximately 40 m3 ha−1 year−1 at 6 years old. In contrast, the yield from the fertilizer treatment in R2 at the Ferralsol site was 11% lower compared with R1. Despite some alterations in leaf nutrient concentrations, other than for K at the Arenosol site (where the K omission treatment reduced wood volume at 6 years by 21%), no yield reduction was found for any no-fertilizer treatments. Due to the widely distributed root system already established in coppiced plantations, ensuring a large volume of soil exploration, coppiced eucalypts only responded to K application. This is due to low soil K availability and the high K demand in eucalypt plantations.

Genetic variation and growth stability of hybrid poplars in high-density short-rotation coppice stands in central Chile

Short-rotation coppice (SRC) using hybrid poplars for biomass production may be a productive alternative in Mediterranean zones. However, the degree of genetic control and the growth stability of poplar clones in high-density plantations remain unknown, and information is needed to reduce the selection time in SRC systems. The genetic variation and stability of growth traits with the age of hybrid clones (from interspecific crosses of Populus deltoides [D], P. trichocarpa [T], P. nigra [N] and P. maximowiczii [M]) were investigated under two planting densities (5000 and 10000 trees ha−1). The basal diameter and height of dominant shoots were measured at ages 1, 2 and 4 years. The total above-ground fresh weight of individual trees was also measured as an indicator of cumulative biomass at age 4 years. Clonal performance was not significantly changed by the planting density. Repeatability increased slightly from age 1 (0.58) to age 2 (0.65) but decreased by age 4 years (0.33). The highest clonal repeatability (0.54) value for above-ground fresh weight was observed for the T✕D cross, whereas the minimum value (0.27) was obtained when genotypes of all crosses were pooled. The age-to-age genetic correlations indicate high clonal stability over time. With respect to the complexities and time required for screening a large number of genotypes under SRC, the results of this study indicate that traits measured during the first growing season are stable indicators of clonal performance in SRC systems.

Coffee Somatic Embryogenesis: How Did Research, Experience Gained and Innovations Promote the Commercial Propagation of Elite Clones From the Two Cultivated Species?

Since the 1990s, somatic embryogenesis (SE) has enabled the propagation of selected varieties, Arabica F1 hybrid and Robusta clones, originating from the two cultivated coffee species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, respectively. This paper shows how mostly empirical research has led to successful industrial transfers launched in the 2000s in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Coffee SE can be considered as a model for other woody perennial crops for the following reasons: (i) a high biological efficiency has been demonstrated for propagated varieties at all developmental stages, and (ii) somaclonal variation is understood and mastered thanks to intensive research combining molecular markers and field observations. Coffee SE is also a useful model given the strong economic constraints that are specific to this species. In brief, SE faced four difficulties: (i) the high cost of SE derived plants compared to the cost of seedlings of conventional varieties, (ii) the logistic problems involved in reaching small-scale coffee growers, (iii) the need for certification, and (iv) the lack of solvency among small-scale producers. Nursery activities were professionalized by introducing varietal certification, quality control with regard to horticultural problems and somaclonal variation, and sanitary control for Xylella fastidiosa. In addition, different technology transfers were made to ensure worldwide dissemination of improved F1 Arabica hybrids and Robusta clones. Innovations have been decisive for successful scaling-up and reduction of production costs, such as the development of temporary immersion bioreactors for the mass production of pre-germinated embryos, their direct sowing on horticultural soil, and the propagation of rejuvenated SE plants by rooted mini-cuttings. Today, SE is a powerful tool that is widely used in coffee for biotechnological applications including propagation and genetic transformation. Basic research has recently started taking advantage of optimized SE protocols. Based on -omics methodologies, research aims to decipher the molecular events involved in the key developmental switches of coffee SE. In parallel, a high-throughput screening of active molecules on SE appears to be a promising tool to speed-up the optimization of SE protocols.

High-density genetic map construction and quantitative trait loci identification for growth traits in (Taxodium distichum var. distichum \xd7 T. mucronatum) \xd7 T. mucronatum

Background‘Zhongshanshan’ is the general designation for the superior interspecific hybrid clones of Taxodium species, which is widely grown for economic and ecological purposes in southern China. Growth is the priority objective in ‘Zhongshanshan’ tree improvement. A high-density linkage map is vital to efficiently identify key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect growth.ResultsIn total, 403.16 Gb of data, containing 2016,336 paired-end reads, was obtained after preprocessing. The average sequencing depth was 28.49 in T. distichum var. distichum, 25.18 in T. mucronatum, and 11.12 in each progeny. In total, 524,662 high-quality SLAFs were detected, of which 249,619 were polymorphic, and 6166 of the polymorphic markers met the requirements for use in constructing a genetic map. The final map harbored 6156 SLAF markers on 11 linkage groups, and was 1137.86 cM in length, with an average distance of 0.18 cM between adjacent markers. Separate QTL analyses of traits in different years by CIM detected 7 QTLs. While combining multiple-year data, 13 QTLs were detected by ICIM. 5 QTLs were repeatedly detected by the two methods, and among them, 3 significant QTLs (q6–2, q4–2 and q2–1) were detected in at least two traits. Bioinformatic analysis discoveried a gene annotated as a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase gene within q4–2.ConclusionsThis map is the most saturated one constructed in a Taxodiaceae species to date, and would provide useful information for future comparative mapping, genome assembly, and marker-assisted selection.

EVALUATING APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPING ELITE ACACIA HYBRID CLONES IN VIETNAM: TOWARDS AN UPDATED STRATEGY

EVALUATING APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPING ELITE ACACIA HYBRID CLONES IN VIETNAM: TOWARDS AN UPDATED STRATEGY