Hybrid Bundle Research Articles

Hybrid magnon-photon bundle emission from a ferromagnetic-superconducting system

We show that the hybrid magnon-photon bundle emission is possible to generate by employing a three-level Δ-type superconducting artificial atom. The single atom is dispersively coupled with two microwave cavities, one of which simultaneously couples to a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere via the magnetic dipole interaction. Based on the virtual photon exchange, the indirect magnon-atom interaction is established with flexibly tunable coupling strength, thus leading to the consecutive emission of hybrid magnon-photon pairs. The super-Rabi oscillation and Purcell effect make such a hybrid bundle possible in the present three-level system, which is difficult to achieve in the two-level system. The present scheme may find potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum sensing technology. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Entangled Photon‐Magnon Bundle Emission

AbstractMultiquanta correlation between quanta of a completely different nature is an important resource for hybrid quantum information processing since it allows quantum states of matters to be manipulated by other degrees of freedom. Here, a method is proposed to realize the hybrid bundle emission of strongly correlated single photons and magnons. The optically driven multiquanta resonance leads to the super‐Rabi oscillation between the vacuum state and photon‐magnon state, which, combined with system dissipations, generates photon‐magnon bundle emission. Interestingly, accompanied by this bundle emission, the photon‐magnon entanglement and fully inseparable photon‐magnon‐qubit tripartite entanglement are achieved. This allows the proposed hybrid system to serve as a quantum emitter of entangled photon‐magnon bundle, which is useful for building hybrid quantum network and the engineering of new types of quantum devices.

Flexible, Stretchable, Water‐/Fire‐Proof Fiber‐Shaped Li‐CO2 Batteries with High Energy Density

AbstractFlexible fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 batteries are regarded to be a potential candidate to power accessories for wearable electronics due to their high theoretical energy density and carbon‐neutral capability. However, the difficulties of electrode preparation and architecture design make it challenging for current Li‐CO2 batteries to keep a suitable balance between electrochemical performance and multifunctionality, one‐dimensional configuration and so forth. Herein, a flexible, stretchable, water‐/fire‐proof fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 battery is constructed through an integrated electrode design strategy and a mechanical engineering‐inspired “spring”‐like device architecture. Impressively, the as‐prepared highly‐active Mo2N anchored N‐doped carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber hybrid bundle (CFB@NCNT‐Mo2N) cathode delivers a large full capacity of 5586.0 µAh cm−1, corresponding to a high energy density of 14 250 . Meanwhile, it also demonstrates a low charge potential of ≈3.7 V, excellent rate capabilities, and outstanding long‐term cycling stability of 525 cycles. Furthermore, the constructed “spring”‐like fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 battery device using CFB@NCNT‐Mo2N and a newly‐proposed gracile fibrous Li metal anode exhibits excellent adaptability to deformations including bending and stretching, as well as other favorable features like water‐/fire‐resistance. The successful demonstration of the proposed high‐performance and multifunctional Li‐CO2 batteries provide an effective model for designing future flexible energy storage devices beyond metal‐gas batteries for wearables in specific application scenarios.

Resource Consumption of a Hybrid Bundle Retransmission Approach on Deep-Space Communication Channels

Bundle protocol (BP) is the core protocol of delay/disruption-tolerant networking, which has been recognized as the only candidate networking technology that approaches the level of maturity required for deep-space mission communications. BP is intended to establish an overlay network for reliable data transfer over highly unreliable space links. A hybrid reliability strategy based on combining “proactive” retransmission and “reactive” retransmission of BP bundles is presented in this article as a means of achieving highly reliable file/data delivery in deep-space communication networks. Available electrical power on spacecraft is widely recognized as a scarce resource, especially for spacecraft in deep space where energy consumption is an important consideration for communications. In this article, the hybrid bundle retransmission approach is studied by means of a file transfer experiment over a PC-based testbed. The study focuses on variation in the transmission overhead and energy consumption of BP as a function of file size and retransmission timeout interval length.

Multi-view 2D–3D alignment with hybrid bundle adjustment for visual metrology

High-precision measurement based on multi-view geometry benefits from aligning a template CAD model to the multi-view observations of a target object. It not only improves the multi-camera calibration but also assists the measurement by serving as a “scaffold.” A straightforward approach is to reconstruct the target object and perform a 3D registration with the CAD model. However, the accuracy of such 3D alignment cannot meet the high-precision requirement. We formulate the problem as a bundle adjustment where we jointly optimize the 6DoF poses of both the template model and the multiple cameras. To accommodate the manufacturing error of products, we propose a simple and robust solution based on a discrete–continuous optimization which interleaves between correspondence selection and pose optimization. In the discrete step, a robust RANSAC-based selection process selects well-matched 2D–3D feature points according to the current model/camera poses. In the continuous step, it jointly optimizes the 6D poses of the CAD model and the multiple cameras. This interleaving optimization constitutes a novel hybrid bundle adjustment (HBA). In HBA, the reprojection error of a feature point is measured either with the 2D–3D correspondence between the observation image and the CAD model or with the cross-view correspondence between multiple images, whichever is more reliable according to the discrete selection step. Through extensive evaluation on real-world data, we demonstrate that HBA achieves high-precision multi-camera calibration, outperforming alternative approaches significantly.

Real-World Sustainable Citizenship between Political Consumerism and Material Practices

While the number of theoretical concepts surrounding sustainable citizenship, political consumerism and ethical lifestyles is rising continuously, this article is interested in how citizens themselves delineate sustainable citizenship through their practices. Asking which contours real-world sustainable citizenship has, we draw on the practice turn. From this perspective, sustainable citizenship might be an empirical nexus of material practices, like buying organic products or sharing goods. These practices rely on dispositions that include practical rules, attitudes and political values. With survey data from Germany (N = 1350) and using principle component analysis, we reconstruct sustainable citizenship through stable and widespread real-world patterns. The results suggest that sustainable citizenship is a relatively coherent, nonetheless hybrid bundle of performances and dispositions. Real-world sustainable citizenship most resembles political consumerism, but consists overall of three distinct practices: sustainable purchasing, reduced consumption, and green mobility. All three are shown to be connected to engaged citizenship norms and the intention to advance social-ecological change. However, social class seems to prevent some citizens particularly from applying sustainable purchasing, while age and infrastructures constrain green mobility. Altogether, our results show that citizens from all social backgrounds practice sustainable citizenship. Yet they do so through different forms of practices, adjusted to their capabilities.

Full-core analysis for FeCrAl enhanced accident tolerant fuel in boiling water reactors

The impact of replacing Zircaloy with FeCrAl, a candidate enhanced accident-tolerant fuel cladding material, was evaluated for 10 × 10 boiling water reactor fuel bundles. Results from a series of full-core parametric studies estimated that replacing UO2/Zircaloy with UO2/FeCrAl would require an average enrichment increase of 0.6% 235U throughout the fuel lattice with the cladding and channel box thicknesses halved and fuel pellet diameter increased. Full-core results indicated that UO2/FeCrAl models with these geometric/enrichment specifications matched the base UO2/Zircaloy cycle length of 527 effective full power days. Optimization studies of the full-core design established loading and control blade patterns for both Zircaloy and FeCrAl models. A side study was conducted modeling a hybrid fuel bundle consisting of FeCrAl cladding and a SiC/Ni/Cr channel box. By halving the cladding thickness, the enrichment level required was less than that of the Zircaloy base case design after performing loading pattern optimization of the hybrid bundle core. Lastly, the thermomechanical performance of a Zircaloy-cladded fuel rod was compared to that of a FeCrAl system. Results from this analysis show that, if starting from the same fuel-cladding gap thickness, a FeCrAl-clad fuel rod operates with a greater average fuel centerline temperature, comparable axial elongation and radial displacement, and longer time to gap closure compared to a Zircaloy-clad fuel rod. This fuel performance analysis was primarily based on the commercial Kanthal APMT FeCrAl alloy but also used available data for the C35M FeCrAl alloy developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Automatic sensor orientation using horizontal and vertical line feature constraints

To improve the accuracy of sensor orientation using calibrated aerial images, this paper proposes an automatic sensor orientation method utilizing horizontal and vertical constraints on human-engineered structures, addressing the limitations faced with sub-optimal number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) within a scene. Related state-of-the-art methods rely on structured building edges, and necessitate manual identification of end points. Our method makes use of line-segments but eliminates the need for these matched end points, thus eliminating the need for inefficient manual intervention.To achieve this, a 3D line in object space is represented by the intersection of two planes going through two camera centers. The normal vector of each plane can be written as a function of a pair of azimuth and elevations angles. The normal vector of the 3D line can be expressed by the cross product of these two plane’s normal vectors. Then, we create observation functions of horizontal and vertical line constraints based on the zero-vector cross-product and the dot-product of the normal vector of the 3D lines. The observation functions of the horizontal and vertical lines are then introduced into a hybrid Bundle Adjustment (BA) method as constraints, including observed image points as well as observed line segment projections. Finally, to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, simulated and real data are tested. The results demonstrate that, in cases with only 3 GCPs, the accuracy of the proposed method utilizing line features extracted automatically, is increased by 50%, compared to a BA using only point constraints.

ASSIGNING TIE POINTS TO A GENERALISED BUILDING MODEL FOR UAS IMAGE ORIENTATION

Abstract. This paper addresses the integration of a building model into the pose estimation of image sequences. Images are captured by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) equipped with a camera flying in between buildings. Two approaches to assign tie points to a generalised building model in object space are presented. A direct approach is based on the distances between the object coordinates of tie points and planes of the building model. An indirect approach first finds planes within the tie point cloud that are subsequently matched to model planes; finally based on these matches, tie points are assigned to model planes. For both cases, the assignments are used in a hybrid bundle adjustment to refine the poses (image orientations). Experimental results for an image sequence demonstrate improvements in comparison to an adjustment without the building model. Differences and limitations of the two approaches for point-plane assignment are discussed – in the experiments they perform similar with respect to estimated standard deviations of tie points.

Pricing hybrid bundles by understanding the drivers of willingness to pay

Many companies are increasingly selling hybrid bundles, which comprise one or more goods and one or more services. Hybrid bundle pricing depends on understanding consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for the bundle, which rests on trade-offs among the benefits from four key drivers: service autonomy, complementarity, service quality variability, and overall bundle quality (basic vs. premium). The effects of these drivers and their interactions on the WTP of hybrid bundles are unknown. The authors develop hypotheses and test them rigorously using incentive-aligned choice-based conjoint and hierarchical Bayesian analysis. The results offer important guidelines for developing appropriate hybrid bundles. If a typical firm under budget constraint has to offer either of two hybrid bundles, one with high complementarity or one with service autonomy, the results suggest that it should offer the bundle with high complementarity. Furthermore, contrary to the conventional wisdom of minimizing service quality variability for premium quality bundles relative to basic quality bundles, the results recommend lowering service quality variability for basic quality bundles but maintaining it for premium bundles.

INTEGRATION OF A GENERALISED BUILDING MODEL INTO THE POSE ESTIMATION OF UAS IMAGES

Abstract. A hybrid bundle adjustment is presented that allows for the integration of a generalised building model into the pose estimation of image sequences. These images are captured by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) equipped with a camera flying in between the buildings. The relation between the building model and the images is described by distances between the object coordinates of the tie points and building model planes. Relations are found by a simple 3D distance criterion and are modelled as fictitious observations in a Gauss-Markov adjustment. The coordinates of model vertices are part of the adjustment as directly observed unknowns which allows for changes in the model. Results of first experiments using a synthetic and a real image sequence demonstrate improvements of the image orientation in comparison to an adjustment without the building model, but also reveal limitations of the current state of the method.

INTEGRATION OF A GENERALISED BUILDING MODEL INTO THE POSE ESTIMATION OF UAS IMAGES

A hybrid bundle adjustment is presented that allows for the integration of a generalised building model into the pose estimation of image sequences. These images are captured by an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) equipped with a camera flying in between the buildings. The relation between the building model and the images is described by distances between the object coordinates of the tie points and building model planes. Relations are found by a simple 3D distance criterion and are modelled as fictitious observations in a Gauss-Markov adjustment. The coordinates of model vertices are part of the adjustment as directly observed unknowns which allows for changes in the model. Results of first experiments using a synthetic and a real image sequence demonstrate improvements of the image orientation in comparison to an adjustment without the building model, but also reveal limitations of the current state of the method.

Pricing Strategies for Hybrid Bundles: Analytical Model and Insights

Retailers are increasingly offering hybrid bundles—products that combine both good(s) and service(s). Some hybrid bundles, such as Lowe's flooring that combines flooring material (good) and flooring installation (service) are sold in traditional stores, while others, such as Best Buy's bundle that includes a computer (good) and tech support (service) are also offered online. The pricing strategy of a hybrid bundle is critical to its success. While pricing strategies for a goods bundle have been well-studied, those for a services bundle have been underexplored. Hybrid bundles, which fundamentally differ from bundles of goods or bundles of services, primarily with regard to quality variability and scalability, have received even less attention. Drawing from the pricing and bundling literatures for both goods and services, we develop an analytic model of optimal pricing for hybrid bundles by a monopolist retailer. We derive and illustrate many useful propositions, several of which are counter-intuitive. Our results show that an increase in quality variability of the service is associated with a higher optimal hybrid bundle price and a lower optimal price of the good, but a lower overall bundle profit. Our findings also reveal that the optimal price of the service (good) in a hybrid bundle is higher (lower) when the good has diminishing unit cost and the service has constant unit cost (i.e., the good is more scalable than the service). Our results also show that higher unit costs incurred to achieve lower service quality variability can result in higher (lower) profits when the cost increase is low (high). We discuss important implications of these insights for researchers and practitioners.

How to take dance seriously, Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker and Bojana Cvejić, A Choreographer’s Score, Brussels: Mercatorfonds, 2012.

Abstract This article tries to rethink the ways in which the bundle of audio–video documentation and written material entitled A Choreographer’s Score approaches the early dance and choreographic practice of Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker and her contemporary dance group Rosas. As I wish to propose, this hybrid bundle, which came about as a dialogical meeting between the aforementioned choreographer and the theoretician Bojana Cvejić, remains ‘faithful' to the materiality of dance by not inscribing it in normative registers of writing on dance and dance-writing, but by attempting the rethinking of the contextual redefinitions of both – and other – dance-specific concepts precisely through the practice of writing on dance.

Defect induced photoluminescence and ferromagnetic properties of bio-compatible SWCNT/Ni hybrid bundles

Designing of bio-compatible nanomagnets with multiple functionalities receives immense scientific attention due to their potential applications in bio-labeling, medical diagnosis and treatment. Here we report the synthesis of Nickel (Ni) incorporated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) hybrid and bio-compatible bundles having interesting magnetic and photoluminescence (PL) properties. The SWCNT exhibits a high-crystallinity and it has an average diameter of ∼1.7nm. Ni particles of 10–20nm were incorporated within the SWCNT bundles. These hybrid bundles exhibit PL and it is attributed to the presence of delocalized π electrons and their recombination at the defective sites of SWCNT. Magnetic characterization revealed that the SWCNT/Ni hybrid bundle possesses a high (50Oe) coercivity compared to bulk Ni and a long range ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. MTT-assay has been conducted to study the cytotoxicity of these hybrid nanostructures.

Trash or popular journalism? The case of South Africa’s Daily Sun

This article examines the rise of tabloids in South Africa, using the Daily Sun as the paradigmatic example in our attempt to account for their popularity. We first locate the tabloid as a commercial response to the post-1994 creation of black working-class South Africans as citizens and a new reading public.We then problematize the ‘definition’ of tabloid journalism, pointing to it as a hybrid bundle of texts which exist along a continuum ranging from ‘trash’ to ‘service journalism’. Within this context we locate the Daily Sun as closer to the tabloid-service journalism side of the continuum. Then we examine their popularity using understandings based on a notion of communication as ritual; the way in which print texts help constitute an imagined national community (which in this case is a populist one); and the use of a melodramatic aesthetic to draw in audiences. The article thus argues for a more nuanced understanding of South African tabloids at this moment in our history.

New Blue‐Light‐Emitting Ultralong [Cd(L)(TeO3)] (L=polyamine) Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanofibre Bundles: Their Thermal Stability and Acidic Sensitivity

A new type of blue-light-emitting ultralong [Cd(L)(TeO(3))] (L = ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine) nanofibre bundle has been synthesised under reflux in a mixed solvent media. Inorganic Cd(TeO(3)) layers are assumed to exist in the structures and are connected by the organic amine molecules through the coordination between nitrogen atoms and cadmium ions. The composition and formulae of these hybrid materials, based on the proposed structures, have been identified through element analysis (EA), thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and energy dispersive spectra (EDS). The thermal stabilities and optical properties of these nanofibre bundles have been investigated. Thermal decomposition of [Cd(en)(TeO(3))] (en = ethylenediamine) and [Cd(DETA)(TeO(3))] (DETA = diethylenetriamine) at 450 degrees C allowed the formation of a mixture of CdTe and Cd(TeO(3)) phases, and a pure CdTe phase, respectively. In addition, this new kind of hybrid bundle, which demonstrates blue emission, was found to be sensitive to acids, and the emission intensity is strongly dependent on the acidity of the solutions, implying that these hybrid nanofibre bundles could be potentially applied as acid sensors.

Generation and visualization of 3D photo-models using hybrid block adjustment with assumptions on the object shape

Three-dimensional photo-models are object models with texture information taken from photographs. They can be used, among other things, to present structural projects to the public and decision-makers. The geometrical modeling of our photo-model is supported by assumptions on the object shape. These assumptions are introduced as fictitious feature observations into the process of hybrid bundle block adjustment. The resulting geometrical model is then filled with texture by projecting the original photographs onto it. A suitable data format for such purposes is VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) because such three-dimensional photo-models can be made available over the Internet. In addition, they can be combined very easily with other media such as texts, sounds, images, movies and, because of that, may serve as a basis for information systems.

Hybrid Bundle Divertor Design

A hybrid bundle divertor design is presented that produces <0.3% magnetic ripple at the center of the plasma while providing adequate space for the coil shielding and structure for a tokamak fusion test reactor similar to the International Tokamak Reactor and the Engineering Test Facility (with R = 5 m, B = 5 T, and a /SUB wall/ = 1.5 m, in particular). This hybrid divertor consists of a set of quadrupole ''wing'' coils running tangent to the tokamak plasma on either side of a bundle divertor. The wing coils by themselves pull the edge of the plasma out 1.5 m and spread the thickness of the scrape-off layer from 0.1 to 0.7 m at the midplane. The clear aperture of the bundle divertor throat is 1.0 m high and 1.8 m wide. For maintenance or replacement, the hybrid divertor can be disassembled into three parts, with the bundle divertor part pulling straight out between toroidal field coils and the wing coils then sliding out through the same opening.