Husserlian Phenomenology Research Articles

Husserl's Analogical Axiological Reason: A Phenomenology of Wish Feeling Fulfillment

AbstractThe most contentious tenet of Husserl's phenomenology of feelings is his conclusion that there is an analogy between axiological reason and theoretical reason. Simply, Husserl asserts that the axiological validation of feelings is analogical to the theoretical validation of judgments. While the scholarship has debated the merits of Husserl's analogy over the last 120 years, this paper presents a new accurate interpretation, because it is the first to highlight how Husserl develops this analogy by most often comparing the fulfillment of judgments to the fulfillment of wish feeling intentions. Specifically, I examine how Husserl analogizes wish fulfillment to theoretical fulfillment at different times; in the 1901 Logical Investigations, in his 1908 Lectures on Ethics, and in 1910 manuscripts from Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins. In light of this original interpretation, I conclude by arguing – contra popular readings – that Husserl does not over‐intellectualize feelings and their validation.

TINDAKAN SOSIAL PENGGUNAAN SIMBOL AGAMA DALAM POSTER KAMPANYE LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2019 DI PROVINSI BANTEN

This study discusses the phenomenon of the use of religious attributes in campaign posters that occurred during the general elections (elections) in 2019, especially in the selection of legislative candidates in Banten Province who were the subject of research, which we know that religious attributes are often used by Muslim communities in Banten in conducting worship or religious activities, but the political elite using religious attributes as a political message in this campaign poster makes a shift in meaning and the motives used. To examine the identification of the problem the researcher used Max Weber's Social Action Theory and Husserl's phenomenological method, interpretative paradigms and qualitative approaches to look for explanations about events and interpret phenomena that occur, in collecting data researchers conducted observations, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature presentations. The results of this study indicate that the motives carried out by legislative candidates in using religious attributes in the campaign poster are because of the disclosure of identity, habits, image formation and culture. For symbolic meaning in daily life and politics used to worship and religious activities, respect religious people and attend formal activities. Keywords: Husserl's Phenomenology, Meaning, Political Communication, Social Action

To Be and Perception--A preliminary study of Phenomenology of Architecture

The phenomenological philosophy founded by Husserl attempts to reflect on language as a fundamental cognitive tool through the method of suspension and restoration, and to break the binary opposition between subject and object, phenomenon and essence. In Husserl's view, language is not only a medium for interaction between humans and the world, but also the foundation for constructing human experience. This philosophical approach provides us with a brand new way of understanding the world, enabling us to go beyond traditional epistemological frameworks and delve deeper into the essence of human experience. Heidegger's existentialist phenomenology and Merleau Ponty's perceptual phenomenology are important branches that inherit and develop Husserl's phenomenology, and the exploration of architectural phenomenology is mainly based on these two branches. This article analyzes the mapping relationship between Norbert Schultz's place spirit and Steven Hall's architectural practice, respectively.

Husserlian Phenomenology of Limit-Problems: a “‘Geometry’ of Lived Experience”?

Husserlian Phenomenology of Limit-Problems: a “‘Geometry’ of Lived Experience”?

Exploring the lived experience of Arab male patients on intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury: A phenomenological study.

Intermittent catheterization (IC) has been identified as one of the critical techniques used by spinal cord injury (SCI) patients to cope with emptying the bladder, despite several problems impeding this procedure. The study aimed accordingly to explore the lived experience of Arab male patients on IC after their SCI. This study was carried out by using a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological analysis of data. A qualitative study was carried out on 10 Arab male patients from the Rehabilitation Hospital at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia who were utilizing intermittent catheters following SCI. The interviews were analysed using Husserl's phenomenology and the Colaizzi method of data analysis. Two major themes and six sub-themes were identified from exploring the patients experience. These themes are as follows: Theme 1: The Way to IC; with two sub-themes: (i) 'service provided and acceptance' and (ii) 'educational experience'; Theme 2: Lifestyle and self-adaptation; with four sub-themes: (i) 'Flexibility and freedom', (ii) 'Physical access to the community', (iii) 'Traveling' and (iv) 'Work and Social life balance'. It is evident that using an intermittent catheter among patients with SCI influenced almost all aspects of the participant's life, including their social lives and body image appearance.

The Application of Husserlian Phenomenology to the Examination of the Translatability of Criminal Law Practices Across American and Italian Culture in the Prosecution and Acquittal of Amanda Knox

AbstractThis Article uses various concepts of Husserlian phenomenology to explain the disparate opinion between the North American and Italian public in response to the prosecution and ultimate acquittal of Amanda Knox. This Article argues that the comparative difference in public opinion is due to an extensive shift in culture that is necessarily accompanied by a shift in spatial-temporal location. In this Article, the Husserlian concepts of intentionality, the Self, the Other-I, and empathy overlay the judicial opinions and media releases critical to shaping North American and Italian public perceptions of Amanda Knox. As applied, these Husserlian concepts function as interpretive lenses, providing the reader with a novel framework for analyzing the cause of interpretive difference across cultures.

Performing Everyday Things: Ecosomatic Threads of Butoh, Phenomenology, and Zen

<p>This essay engages descriptive, experiential methods of phenomenology, prompts from butoh, and insights of Zen Buddhism. Butoh is the dance and theatre form that arose from the ashes of Japan in the shadow of ecological and social crisis after the Second Word War. It is interpreted widely in current forms that extend well beyond the borders of Japan. The everyday is articulated in the phenomenology of Husserl, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, particularly through concepts of “worlding,” how our works ripple out to create a world, as phenomenology and Zen both hold, each in their own way. I write about butoh through a prism of Zen and phenomenology because they share similar philosophical outlooks on performance, and they explain everyday things. In articulating performance of the everyday, this essay takes an ecosomatic turn inward toward matters of consciousness and perception. The writing stems from my participation in butoh as a student, performer, and scholar since 1985, my university teaching of dance and somatics, and my philosophical and lived investigations of phenomenology and Buddhism. Through phenomenology, the essay is descriptive, performative, and concerned with “lived experience,” including how features of experience appear and transform in consciousness.</p><p> </p>

Essence of Thought Experiments

Thought experiments feature prominently in both scientific and philosophical methods. In this paper, I investigate two questions surrounding knowledge in the thought experiment process. First, on what implicit knowledge do thought experiments rely? Second, what provides epistemic justification for beliefs acquired through the process? I draw upon neo-Aristotelian metaphysics and Husserlian phenomenology to argue that essence is the object of implicit knowledge that anchors the imagined possibilities involved in thought experiments to the actual world, and that this essentialist knowledge enables the possibility of prima facie justification being conferred by the phenomenological givenness of thought experiment scenarios.

Shared Protentions in Multi-Agent Active Inference.

In this paper, we unite concepts from Husserlian phenomenology, the active inference framework in theoretical biology, and category theory in mathematics to develop a comprehensive framework for understanding social action premised on shared goals. We begin with an overview of Husserlian phenomenology, focusing on aspects of inner time-consciousness, namely, retention, primal impression, and protention. We then review active inference as a formal approach to modeling agent behavior based on variational (approximate Bayesian) inference. Expanding upon Husserl's model of time consciousness, we consider collective goal-directed behavior, emphasizing shared protentions among agents and their connection to the shared generative models of active inference. This integrated framework aims to formalize shared goals in terms of shared protentions, and thereby shed light on the emergence of group intentionality. Building on this foundation, we incorporate mathematical tools from category theory, in particular, sheaf and topos theory, to furnish a mathematical image of individual and group interactions within a stochastic environment. Specifically, we employ morphisms between polynomial representations of individual agent models, allowing predictions not only of their own behaviors but also those of other agents and environmental responses. Sheaf and topos theory facilitates the construction of coherent agent worldviews and provides a way of representing consensus or shared understanding. We explore the emergence of shared protentions, bridging the phenomenology of temporal structure, multi-agent active inference systems, and category theory. Shared protentions are highlighted as pivotal for coordination and achieving common objectives. We conclude by acknowledging the intricacies stemming from stochastic systems and uncertainties in realizing shared goals.

Articuli Temporis: St. Augustine and Phenomenology on the Temporal Syntax of God’s Self-Disclosure

In this essay, I articulate an Augustinian “philosophy of history” by highlighting some important texts sprinkled throughout St. Augustine’s writings, especially his City of God. I concentrate on Augustine’s claim that there are “joints of time” that structure God’s self-disclosure to us through sacred history, and I develop these Augustinian insights with the help of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology. While Augustine enables us to see that God’s revelation is achieved in a sacred history that illuminates the deepest structure and order of the temporal flow of human events, Husserl’s phenomenology can be used to show that the structure and order of sacred history is fitting for our natural human mode of encountering being through successive stages of presence and absence. Husserl’s descriptions of the ways in which the identical thing is given to us in grades of fulfillment sheds light on the mystery of God’s revelation by highlighting the temporal dimension of our grasping of the being of things. Throughout the essay, I make use of Robert Sokolowski’s writings in the areas of Husserlian phenomenology and the theology of disclosure.

From the Phenomenology of Reactivation to the Hermeneutics of Innovation

Abstract While in Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s writings, the concept of sedimentation was linked to that of reactivation, Ricœur replaced the juxtaposition of these two concepts with the collocation of sedimentation and innovation. The central goal of this paper is to clarify why Ricœur replaces the phenomenological concept of reactivation with the hermeneutical concept of innovation. After explicating how reactivation was understood in Husserlian phenomenology, I show why this concept is out of place in Ricœur’s phenomenological hermeneutics. I further identify four possible ways to understand the relation between Ricœur’s hermeneutics of innovation and Husserl’s phenomenology of reactivation. Afterwards, while offering a detailed analysis of the threefold mimesis—the central theme in Ricœur’s Time and Narrative—I show that Ricœur’s concept of innovation is tied to that of productive imagination. Ricœur’s productive imagination is therefore not any kind of creatio ex nihilo. Being rooted in cultural and historical worlds, productive imagination configures and reconfigures the world against the background of sedimented prefigurations. While Husserl had offered a vertical model to understand sedimentations, and while Merleau-Ponty had replaced this model with a horizontal one, Ricœur’s model can be qualified as circular: the dialectical play of sedimentations and innovations shapes the hermeneutical circle within which the human experience of the world unfolds. This means: just as productive imagination is grounded in sedimentations, so also, sedimentations spring from productive imagination.

Husserlian Neurophenomenology: Grounding the Anthropology of Experience in Reality

Anthropology has long resisted becoming a nomothetic science, thus repeatedly missing opportunities to build upon empirical theoretical constructs, choosing instead to back away into a kind of natural history of sociocultural differences. What is required are methods that focus the ethnographic gaze upon the essential structures of perception as well as sociocultural differences. The anthropology of experience and the senses is a recent movement that may be amenable to including a partnership between Husserlian phenomenology and neuroscience to build a framework for evidencing the existence of essential structures of consciousness, and the neurobiological processes that have evolved to present the world to consciousness as adaptively real. The author shows how the amalgamation of essences (sensory objects, relations, horizons, and associated intuitions) and the quest for neural correlates of consciousness can be combined to augment traditional ethnographic research, and thereby nullify the “it’s culture all the way down” bias of constructivism.

The Lived Experiences of Saudi Nursing Students in Digital Clinical Experience: A Phenomenological Study.

Background Novel digital methods of simulation are gaining popularity in nursing education in light of the limited access to clinical placement and expensive high-fidelity simulation technologies. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences of Saudi nursing students in digital clinical experiences (DCEs). Methods A qualitative phenomenological research design, grounded in Husserlian phenomenology, was employed. Purposive sampling was utilized to select 21 participants actively involved in DCEs. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect rich, narrative data. Results The thematic analysis has yielded four themes, namely, "comfort and safety", "critical thinking and problem solving", "appraisal of knowledge", and "transition to practice." Conclusions The findings contribute to ongoing discussions about leveraging technology in nursing education, emphasizing the need for educators and policymakers to integrate digital tools that enhance the learning experiences of nursing students.

Origins of money: a Motivation & Sedimentation Model (MSM) analysis

Abstract Few other social technologies and institutions are more consequential to human societies than money. Yet money remains a deeply perplexing phenomenon. On the one hand, it is a pan-human system of valuation, but on the other, it is conventional and variable in its uses. While it is controversial if money instantiates a fully-fledged sign system, it is rife with semiotic capacities. To present an illuminating analysis of money is thus a test case for the Motivation & Sedimentation Model (MSM) of meaning making, with roots in the phenomenology of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. Using MSM, we analyze two origin accounts of money: the commodity money account evidenced in archaic and classical Greek coinage, and the credit money account exemplified by early findings in Mesopotamia. Both accounts focus on the interactions between the three levels of MSM: the pre-signitive Embodied, the cultural Sedimented, and the interactional Situated levels of meaning and propose different series of “loops” to account for the genesis of money. Despite key differences in the two origins, both imply semiotic processes operating according to motivated, and hence non-arbitrary, conventions developing within institutional formations that ultimately influence present day concepts of money.

Lived Experiences of Head Campers in Summer Camp

Summer camps have proven effective in providing opportunities for social contact, personal development, and the improvement of the problem-solving and critical-thinking abilities of the students. However, significant findings about head campers’ lived experiences in the field are scarce, especially in the Philippine context. To provide a groundwork of the phenomenon, this study delved into the head campers' lived experiences in preparation and implementation phases using the descriptive phenomenology of Husserl. At the same time, Colaizzi’s seven-step method was used in thematic analysis. Individual guided interviews were utilized to gather participants’ responses. Nine head campers who were active participants from the beginning up to the end of the program served as the participants of the study. Based on the participants’ narratives, the following themes were generated: a) preparation phase: triumphs in camaraderie, teachers are willing to learn new subject matter, time constraints in preparing the resources, and no ample time to review new subject matter; b) implementation phase: develop students’ positive learning behavior, develop students’ thinking skills, Students unable to master the fundamental knowledge, and teachers are struggling to integrate higher order thinking skills. The findings implied that despite the sector and participants’ efforts to make the program successful, there were still untoward instances that are beyond the program’s expectations. Therefore, mentoring sessions and feed-backing activities all throughout the implementation must be strengthened and closely monitored by higher authorities so they can provide immediate and practical assistance for the head campers.

Exploring the ‘Everyday’ in Colin Wilson’s The Black Room and The Personality Surgeon: A Phenomenological Perspective

The English existentialist writer Colin Wilson explores different dimensions of human consciousness in his fictional works to understand the nature of consciousness. Wilson professes the doctrine of “affirmation” and contends that beneath the surface of everyday triviality, which generates pessimistic nihilism and ennui, there is an ever-refreshing reality to which every individual must get access so as to bring value and purpose to life. Hebelieves that this triviality is a result of the narrowness of consciousness. In this state, we take life for granted, and instead of living, we drift. This state resembles how Husserl describes consciousness in its ‘natural attitude’ —a state which is characterised by inattention and unreflectiveness. In this state, one fails to comprehend the experience at hand, thereby losing its meaning and essence. The recognition of this naïve attitude is one of the basic tenets of Wilson’s philosophy. Both Husserl and Wilson show a deep concern with the perception and the perceiver and their fate in all modes of consciousness, which are inextricably linked to human will and imagination and crucial to the evolution of consciousness. Wilson, like Husserl, rose against cultural pessimism engendered by earlier philosophies and envisaged phenomenology as a potent tool to overcome this failure and crisis. Both believe in the spiritual power of phenomenology, which provides new insights into human subjectivity and its sense of bestowing achievements. Wilson’s phenomenological pursuit is anendeavour to solve the existential meaninglessness of life. With a focus on the question of what makes up human values, Wilson’s new existentialism entails a phenomenological analysis of consciousness. His phenomenology of life devaluation is the most relevant area of study because moods of insight and optimism are less accessible than moods of everyday consciousness. Like Husserlian phenomenology, Wilson’s new existentialism lays bare the different layers of human consciousness. In his The New Existentialism,he avers that the ‘new existentialist’ “accepts man’s experience of his inner freedom as basic and irreducible” and ‘the new existentialism’ concentrates the full battery of phenomenological analysis upon the everyday sense of contingency ... it uncovers the complexities and safety devices in which freedom dissipates itself” (180). And therein lies the first step towards understanding the nature of consciousness. Husserlian phenomenology, with its implicit existentialist concerns, too begins with this recognition of the prejudiced consciousness which flattened under the triviality of everyday life characterises our ‘natural attitude’. Both Wilson and Husserl contend that ‘normal’ consciousness is partial, and it is not possible to make any sense of life from this partial mode of being. There is only a dull acceptance of how things apparently seem to us from our ‘natural standpoint’. Wilson conveys this state as the problem of ‘Robot’, which engenders an empty, meaningless and mechanical life where we act with passive intentionality and where the possibility of moving to other modes of being is reduced and thus limited.Wilson gives us a fresh and clear picture of man’s position in what Husserl calls the ‘natural standpoint’ or what he himself terms the ‘fallacy of insignificance’ —man’s inability to find meaning or significance in life. It is the everyday state of consciousness which Wilson calls the ‘Robot.’ Gnostics would call this Robot ‘Duality’, Gurdjieff calls it ‘sleep’, and Nietzsche labels it ‘Mechanical Intentions’. Heidegger would call such an existence ‘inauthentic’. It is Blake’s ‘Spectre’ —a stronghold of one’s own identity, personality, habits, etc. It is the concept of man as “an empty consciousness that passively receives data from the outside world” (Tredell Web). Robot is a human psychic condition which has become more complicated in modern culture. According to Wilson, “the Robot” is how our consciousness operates on ‘auto-pilot’, narrowing our perception so as to enable us to handle everyday life and least concerned about the need to get beyond it. He believed that “the Robot” controlled the part of our brains that, in our modern culture, has become over-used and over-developed.

후설의 현상학으로 본 돌봄윤리

Caring is a universal experience that everyone has to go through. In particular, the issue of elderly care is a problem faced by all humanity, transcending generations and genders. It should be regarded as a problem of responsibility that must be shared by all. If society as a whole does not make efforts to find solutions by communicating with each other about common problems that need to be solved together, social conflict will inevitably be amplified due to pluralistic and relative values held by individuals. This study applied Husserl's phenomenology and phenomenological ethics to care ethics, targeting care workers who were providing care for the elderly, to understand the experiential value of care and the essence of experience through experience in the process of providing care and to understand the essence of experience in the field. Forming a proper care culture based on care ethics in our society, which has entered an aging society, is meaningful as it allows us to examine the essence of practical norms through experience and a priori questions and to consider the essential.

Semantics of Nonviolence

In the article, we consider the approaches to the ethics of nonviolence suggested by Judith Butler and Sara Ahmed. Butler's project is rooted in Monique Wittig's concept of “material violence”. By extending the meaning of this term to gender and normative violence, Butler articulates the ethics of nonviolence. The latter involves concepts of radical equality and interdependence. A practical complement to the Butler project can be found in the works of Sara Ahmed, who investigates the possibility of opposing violence within institutions. She develops the concept of the “feminist ear”, based on phenomenology, which we suggest considering as a tool to implement the ethics of nonviolence. Being an attitude that can be adapted due to methodology requirements or in political practice, Ahmed's feminist ear refers to Bourdieu's metaphor of the “sharped eye” by which a researcher can objectivate their doxic (or “native”) experience. Considering these parallels, we investigate his theory of symbolic violence, internalized and reproduced in systems of dispositions. Bourdieu's striving to reveal a material side of ideology confronting that of intellectualist tradition partly matches Wittig's intuitions. By introducing the notion of habituality, we can reconsider the very question of ideology's potential overcoming that cannot be performed using intellectual endeavor. This impossibility leads Bourdieu to criticize classic phenomenology because of its ignorance of social conditions and the natural attitude. Inverting the usual working strategy of Husserlian phenomenology, he takes a natural attitude as a framework of his research, revealing the initiation rituals to the symbolic structure. The article suggests some strategies to overcome it.

Influence of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Young Families Residing at Harion Municipality in Sarlahi District of Nepal

Since the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, the spread of the COVID-19 was the focus of attention of scientists, governments and populations. One of the main concerns was the influence of this pandemic on people’s health, mainly on mental health. This study is an in-depth analysis of the influence of COVID-19 and its measurement policies on mental health of young families residing at Harion municipality in Sarlahi district of Nepal. Husserl phenomenology approach was used to explore the experience of young families. Four participants were phone interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule to elicit their experiences of COVID-19 and its influence on their mental health. The analysis was carried out under three major themes: (1) ‘COVID-19 and its influence’, (2) ‘Lockdown and its effects’, and (3) ‘COVID-19 and strategies for the prevention from this disease’. Fear of getting disease and being affected themselves and their beloved ones and end of life was one of the main causes. Another cause by the lockdown created financial challenges and loneliness with serious mental health problem in young families. The findings highlight the influences of COVID-19 and its measurement policies effects in mental health and different ways of coping strategies adopted by young families in Nepal.

Gender, Species and Essence in Husserl's Phenomenology and St. Thomas Aquinas' Theory of Knowledge: Necessary Understandings of Metaphysical Realism for a Transcendental Phenomenology

O presente ensaio tomou como hipótese de ensaio a premissa de que a Neutralidade Metafísica proposta por Husserl desde seus estudos iniciais precisa ser reconhecida com limites metodológicos e analíticos. Para a superação deste limite, realizou-se um resgate da Metafísica e Teoria do Conhecimento de Santo Tomás de Aquino, interpretando esta teoria através de um Realismo Moderado e Direto. Enquanto conclusão, foi possível identificar que há uma similaridade importantíssima entre ambas as teorias, como também, que para as investigações fenomenológicas alcançarem seu intento cognitivo primordial, é necessário o cuidado de não aniquilar a metafísica realista moderada.