Role Of Husband Research Articles

Analisis Childfree Choice Dalam Perspektif Ulama’ Klasik dan Ulama’ Kontemporer

Childfree is a term for people who agree to decide not to have children. The term childfree can be defined as a view of a husband and wife who decide not to have children. The decision to choose childfree in household life cannot be separated from the role of husband and wife. The method used in this study is qualitative, with a comparative approach, namely comparing two points of view, namely according to classical and contemporary Islamic scholars. While the type of research used is Library Research, in the sense that all data sources come from written materials related to the topics discussed. The results of the study show that classical scholars do not forbid married couples who agree not to have children (offspring). Because this is confirmed by 'Azl whose law is permitted by Imam Ghazali, contemporary scholars also allow it if husband and wife agree because of certain benefits. So childfree is not included in the prohibited acts, because every married couple has the right to plan and manage household life including having children.

ANALISIS PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI MODERN DI KECAMATAN KEMAYORAN

In launching the Family Planning Program which aims to maintain a distance between pregnancies and it is enough to have only two children, so that the program can be achieved, one of them is by using modern contraceptives. Modern contraceptives are divided into two, namely hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives. Participating in the family planning program is expected to improve maternal health and increase non-hormonal family planning users. This study aims to analyze the selection of modern contraceptives in Kemayoran sub-district. The research process is cross-sectional, conducted on 110 Kb acceptor mothers in Kemayoran District. The results showed that the knowledge variable had P=0.055 and OR=2.674, attitude variable P=0.0001 and OR=16,875, information exposure variable P=0.036 and OR=1.096, husband's role variable P=0.0001 and OR=6.333 . Counseling about family planning and the selection of modern contraceptives should be carried out continuously and health workers always advise acceptors on non-hormonal contraception. In addition, prospective acceptors are advised to always follow the counseling organized by the Central Jakarta Administration City PPAPP Sub-Department and receive information related to the selection of contraceptives from both mass media and electronic media. A good husband's role and support is also needed so that the acceptor can change his attitude in choosing contraceptives not based on comfort but because it is in accordance with their needs and health.
 Keywords: Modern contraceptives, Non-hormonal acceptors, Family Planning Program

The experiences of mothers of children with hydrocephalus in Jordan: A phenomenological study

BackgroundAvailable literature showed that mothers of children with hydrocephalus experience many challenges. Studies that described mothers' experiences in caring for their children with hydrocephalus are limited. Understanding the mothers' experiences and challenges is essential and may enable the provision of increased knowledge and support for these mothers. AimThe aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Jordanian mothers of children with hydrocephalus. MethodologyA phenomenological descriptive approach was applied in this study, using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 10 mothers of children with hydrocephalus. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic approach. ResultThree main themes that explored the mothers' experiences emerged from the data analysis process. The first theme was the impact of living with a child with hydrocephalus. Four subthemes comprise this theme; namely the mothers' initial response, overwhelming responsibilities, social withdrawal, and adapting: loving the baby and growing stronger. The second theme was related to the support system. Two subthemes compose this theme; the role of husband, and social support. The last theme was related to feelings of uncertainty. Two subthemes constitute this theme; concerns about the child's future and considering abortion as a solution. ConclusionThe mothers in this study were found to have experienced many intense feelings and to have faced many stressors and difficulties associated with the different stages of their child's illness. This study provides evidence that could be used to develop guidelines to support mothers of children with hydrocephalus.

Integrated Sexual Reproductive Health Information, Education And Communication (IEC) Can Increase Couple Compliance With Prospective Bridge In Health Examination In Pontianak City

Background: Cases of maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS in West Kalimantan tend to increase. Every couple needs pregnancy planning so that the mother and baby are born healthy. One of the efforts is the Information, Education and Communication (IEC) program on Reproductive Health, Sexual and Health Examination for Prospective Brides, to prepare couples in a healthy condition.Research Objectives: To determine the implementation and effectiveness of IEC for Reproductive, Sexual Health and Health Examination of Future Brides and Grooms in Pontianak City.Research Methods: This research uses Mixed Methods. Qualitative design is descriptive. Data collection through FGD and interviews with key informants. The quantitative design is an analytical survey. Collecting data using a questionnaire, on 90 Future Bride and Groom taken by purposive sampling.Qualitative Research Results: Executors are adequate and have received training. Flipcharts and posters are available, pocket books have not been fulfilled. Limited supporting facilities. There is an MoU with the KUA, but not yet with the blessing of other religions. Limited delivery time. Materials on nutrition and the husband's role are still few, and there is no environmental health material. 95% future brides and grooms do health check.Quantitative Results The perception of the implementation of IEC showed a significant relationship with the compliance of respondents in the health examination (p = 0.009; OR=4.4).Conclusion: Implementation of IEC for Reproductive Health, Sexual and Health Examination in Future Brides and Grooms is running and effective. Perceptions of the implementation of IEC showed a significant relationship with the compliance of respondents in conducting health checks

Edukasi Pentingnya Peran Suami Dalam Kepatuhan Pemeriksaan ANC Ibu Hamil Di Pulau Pa’jenekang Kabupaten Pangkep

Antenatal Care is one of the pillars of safe motherhood in an effort to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. To make the program successful, the Indonesian government carries out activities such as antenatal care in improving the health quality of pregnant women. Another program that has been launched by the Government of Indonesia is "Making Pregnancy Safer" where it is expected that the husband's participation, knowledge and involvement can increase during the pregnancy process. But until now there are still many husbands who do not understand their role properly. So it is necessary to make efforts to increase knowledge through counseling about the importance of the husband's role as a facilitator in preparing the process of pregnancy to delivery. Counseling is done using the lecture method using leaflets. Evaluation was carried out before and after the provision of counseling materials. Counseling was carried out for 1 day on Pa'Jenekang Island, Kab. Pangkep became 28 husbands. The results showed that 78.6% experienced an increase in knowledge about the importance of the husband's role as a facilitator while 21.4% had no increase in knowledge. One of the factors that influence the increase in knowledge of the husband's role is age and level of education. Suggestions for health workers should always include husbands in providing KIE in preparation for childbirth by explaining their role in the process of pregnancy and childbirth of the wife.

Role of Husband in Maternal Health Care in Muslim Community

The objectives of the study were to examine the ‘Role of husband in maternal health care in Muslim community. This study has been based on descriptive research design and it is quantitative in nature. In this study samples were collected by using stratified sampling method. The interview schedule was the main tool for data collection in this study. After collection information it was tabulated in chart diagram and analyzed and interpreted with the help of percentage. The findings of the study show that the socio-economic status of the people in that community is very low and hence the literacy rate is also low. Out of total 87 Muslim respondents 42.52 percent respondents were heard about maternal care and 57.47 percent respondent were not heard maternal cares. The conclusion of this research was Muslim women don’t get proper maternal care by their husbands.

Husband's Role in Perinatal Depression during the New Normal Period of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sewon Sub-District

Pandemi Covid-19 sangat berdampak pada kesejahteraan dan kesehatan masyarakat, hal tersebut menjadi permasalahan kesehatan mental perinatal. Depresi Perinatal tidak hanya disebabkan oleh gejolak hormonal yang dialami oleh ibu perinatal, namun juga oleh tantangan emosional karena harus menjaga bayi baru lahir yang rentan agar tetap hidup, sementara ibu sendiri hanya mendapatkan sedikit istirahat. Dengan kondisi ibu yang kurang istirahat dibutuhkan partisipasi suami dalam perawatan perinatal dapat mengurangi stress pada ibu perinatal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan partisipasi suami dengan kejadian depresi perinatal pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu ibu pada masa perinatal dan pasangannya di Kecamatan Sewon. Dua puluh delapan ibu perinatal dari Kecamatan Sewon berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Sampel menggunakan simple random sampling usia 0-1 bulan pascapersalinan. Analisis data menggunakan chi square. Hasil ditemukan responden depresi postpartum rendah dikarenakan suaminya ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengasuhan bayinya sejumlah 51,4%. Nilai chi-square sebesar 17.754 dengan p-value 0.000. Hal ini menunjukkan p-value 0.000 < 0,05 atau X2 hitung (17.754) lebih besar dari X2 tabel (5.591), sehingga Ho ditolak artinya ada hubungan antara partisipasi suami dalam pengasuhan bayi dengan depresi postpartum di Kabupaten Bantul.

Love, Hope and Despair of Pregnant Women Living in the Slum of Sylhet City Corporation: A Study

Pregnancy is a joyous but stressful phase in every woman’s life as it takes a ten-month-long journey. Support and caring attitude from family members and others, along with regular ante-natal treatment during pregnancy, is essential for every woman because it will protect the health of the unborn baby and future mother. However, in Bangladesh, patriarchal social structure and cultural components bring unequal treatment for women even when they feel sick. So, this qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences of pregnant women living in the slum area of Sylhet city corporation, Bangladesh. Data were collected purposively from pregnant women during gestational weeks 36–38 who came for treatment at the Urban Primary Health Care Service Delivery Center of Shimantik (NGO). Ten in-depth interviews were conducted through a semi-structured interview schedule, and then collected data were thematically analysed. Data were presented under four themes: role of husband and family members during pregnancy, challenging circumstances within and outside of the family, the reason for the adverse social concern arising and the strategies employed to deal with the hostile condition. This study recommends that there should be a professional counsellor in every maternity health clinic, especially for pregnant women, with whom they can share their personal grief and sufferings.

Peran Suami dalam Penurunan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Indonesia: Literature Review

Background: This study aimed to determined the influence of the husband's role on the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the III trimester in the face of childbirth. Method: This type of study used was the Traditional Literature Review. This type of design is a review that usually adopts a critical approach, such as assessing the theory or hypothesis of the previous researcher, examining the methods and results of a single primary study with an emphasis on background and contextual materials, not using a scientific method approach (depending on the wishes of the researcher) so that it can contain biases, cannot be replicated because the synthesis is carried out narratively. Result: The results of this study show that there is an influence of husband support on wives who experience anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy where the group of pregnant women who do not live with their husbands has a high-moderate anxiety category compared to third trimester pregnant women who live with their husbands on average fall into the category of medium-low anxiety. had a moderate level of anxiety of 12 people (40%) and 18 people (60%) had a low level of anxiety. High anxiety levels of 19 people (63%) and 11 people (37%) had moderate levels of anxiety. Implication: It is hoped that it can be a reference to the husband that the importance of the husband's role in reducing the anxiety of pregnant women in childbirth. It is recommended to the husband to provide support and support to the mother in order to reduce the anxiety of the third trimester pregnant woman so that the delivery that will be faced can run well

Hubungan Peran Suami dan Social Culture dalam Pemberian ASI di Pekanbaru, Riau

Introduction: The low breastfeeding rate for infants is known to be influenced by the role of the husband and the social culture applied to a family. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the role of husbands and social culture with breastfeeding in the Rejosari Health Center Work Area, Pekanbaru City.Methods: The research design is correlational with the research variables of husband's role, social culture, and breastfeeding. The sample in this study was 75 respondents with the criteria that the mother lived with the baby and husband, the mother was willing to be a respondent, the mother was physically and mentally healthy, and the mother was able to read and write using purposive sampling data collection techniques. The analysis in this study is a bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test.Results: As many as 56% of husbands have a low role in supporting breastfeeding and 44% of husbands have a high role in supporting exclusive breastfeeding. Based on social culture, there are 52.8% of mothers who behave positively but give non-exclusive breastfeeding. The results of statistical tests showed a significant relationship between the husband's role and breastfeeding with the results of p value (0.000) < (0.05), while the social culture variable with exclusive breastfeeding showed no significant relationship where the p value (0.183) > (0.05).Conclusion: The high role of husbands in supporting mothers can affect mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding, while social culture does not have a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding.

The Role of Husband Among the Mental Health of Pregnant Woman: Scoping Review

The state of stress, anxiety, or other symptoms of depression is a form of perinatal distress. The state of the relationship with a partner is one of the triggers for emotional stress on the mother. The emotional instability of the mother has an impact on the mother and can affect the development of the baby in the postpartum period. This study aims to explore the existing scientific evidence related to the mental health of pregnant women, scoping review. This research is a scoping review using the Arkshey & O’Malley Framework and the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Search literature in this study using 3 databases, namely Pubmed, Proquet, and Science Direct. The keywords used are the role or influence, husband, and mental health of pregnant women. The study used the 2018 version of the Mix Method Appraisal Tools (MMAT 2018). There are 1,444 potentially relevant articles and there are 7 eligible articles selected. The inclusion criteria of the article are articles published from 2016 to 2021, articles in English, articles that focus on the husband’s role in the mental health of pregnant women, there are conclusions about the husband's relationship in the mental health of pregnant women. This research comes from 5 different countries, 7 eligible articles using a quantitative design, were conducted at the Primary Health Center. The mapping of the themes obtained is relationship satisfaction and partner support. During pregnancy, the mother needs internal support from her partner. Community-based health services are effective in preventing mental illness during pregnancy. Abstrak: Keadaan stress, cemas atau gejala depresi lainya merupakan bentuk dari distress perinatal. Keadaan hubungan dengan pasangan menjadi salah satu pemicu timbulnya tekanan emosional pada ibu. Emosional ibu yang tidak stabil memiliki dampak terhadap ibu dan bisa mempengaruhi perkembangan bayi pada periode postpartum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali bukti ilmiah yang ada terkait kesehatan mental ibu hamil, scoping review. Penelitian ini merupakan scoping review dengan menggunakan Framework Arkshey & O’Malley dan PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Pencarian literature pada penelitian ini menggunakan 3 database yaitu Pubmed, Proquet dan Science Direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah peran atau pengaruh, suami, kesehatan mental ibu hamil. Penelitian menggunakan Mix Method Appraisal Tools versi 2018 (MMAT 2018). Terdapat 1.444 artikel yang berpotensi relevan dan terdapat 7 artikel eligible yang dipilih. Kriteria inklusi dari artikel adalah artikel yang terbit mulai 2016-2021, artikel berbahasa inggris, artikel yang berfokus pada peran suami dalam kesehatan mental ibu hamil, terdapat kesimpulan untuk hubungan suami dalam kesehatan mental ibu hamil. Penelitian ini berasal dari 5 negara berbeda, 7 artikel yang eligibl emenggunakan desain kuantitatif, dilakukan di Pusat Kesehatan Primer. Pemetaan tema yang didapatkan adalah kepuasan hubungan dan dukungan pasangan. Pada masa kehamilan ibu memerlukan dukungan internal yang berasal daru pasangan. Pelayanan kesehatan yang berbasis masyarakat efektif guna mencegah penyakit mental selama kehamilan.

Pengaruh Ketimpangan Pendapatan Suami Istri Terhadap Tingginya Kasus Cerai Gugat Di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1B Kabupaten Ponorogo

Ponorogo is a city that has a high rate of divorce cases. From the divorce cases, the majority of submissions come from female workers who work as migrant workers, the implication is that the wife has a far greater income than her husband giving rise to a shift in the role of husband and wife which also results in a shift in rights and obligations. Although Islam allows a wife to work (in the context of helping her husband), it is expected that the husband and wife have considered together the good and bad consequences that may arise from the decision. Income gap or income inequality between husband and wife if not interpreted wisely can have an impact on the disharmony of the relationship between the two can even reach the stage of divorce. This research will explain an analyze the effect of income inequality between husbnad and wife on the high cases of divorce in Ponorogo. For that, researcher will examine this income inequality in the view of the sociology of Islamic law in the Ponorogo community in particular and driving factors the rise of female workers in Ponorogo and things that arise when the wife’s income is greater than her husband. The paradigm of this research is used a qualitative paradigm with emphasis on case studies in teh field. The result of the research stated that income inequality where the wife has a greater income than the husband is not a main problem in divorce cases, but there are other factors as a trigger such as the inability of the husband in managing finances, the wife’s takings is only for consumptive activities and even tends to spree, the interference from the husband’s family, especially in financial matters, lack of understanding of religion, and infidelity. This hiigh financial ability of the wife ultimately makes the wife dare to sue for divorce of her husband.

Perception of Women's Exposure to Birth in the Forest – A Cross-Sectional Study on Yei Tribe, Merauke Regency, Indonesia

Highlights: The maternal mortality for women's exposed birth in the foreston Tribe Kampung Poo, Merauke Regency is higher. Mother's knowledge perceptions of women’s exposure to birth in the forest were dominant then community leader’s roles, husband or family roles and respondent characteristics. Abstract: In one of the districts in Papua, namely the Merauke Regency, the maternal mortality number in 2016 reached 17 cases, 13 cases in 2017, 6 cases in 2018, 9 cases in 2019, and 7 cases in 2020. Data in 2020 showed that 4,163 of the 5,377 deliveries by health workers assistance in Merauke Regency had not been fully achieved. There were 4,098 deliveries carried out in health care facilities. This study analyzed determinant factors on perceptions of the exile women giving birth in the forest from women of Yei Tribe, Poo Village, Merauke Regency, Indonesia. This study used analytic design methods with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling was non-probability with a total sample method of 57 mothers with toddlers. Univariate analysis was used to describe the characteristics of each research variable, including respondent characteristics, mother's knowledge, the role of community leaders, and the role of husband or family, while the dependent variable was the perception of women giving birth in the forest. This study found that there was a correlation between education (p-value 0.000; OR=13.33), knowledge (p-value 0.000; OR=133.00), the community leaders’ role (p-value 0.009; OR=5.00), and husband’s role (p-value 0.000; OR=28.00) with perceptions of the exile women giving birth in the forest at women of Yei Tribe, Poo Village, Merauke Regency, Indonesia. Therefore, knowledge is dominant in the perceptions of exiled women giving birth in the forest.

Husband Support: Supporting or Inhibiting Personal Growth Initiative of Women Leaders

Various programs were developed by the company to improve the capacity of women leaders. However, on the other hand, the factor of family support, especially the husband support, has so far been neglected in scientific research related to women leaders. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the role of husband support in the personal growth of women leaders. This study used a phenomenological qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with 6 women leaders. The results show that what motivates women leaders in their personal growth initiative is wanting to get out of their comfort zone, being challenged to become useful people, and having a clear career path. Besides, forms of support such as not complaining a lot, providing real assistance, providing solutions or information, providing emotional support, and giving space for the women to be alone or free to do things are forms of support needed by women leaders in Indonesia. Moreover, jealous husbands and husbands who forbid and demand many things are felt to inhibit the personal growth initiative of women leaders. Furthermore, the husband's dominant role so far is to support the personal growth initiative process.

Socio-Demographic and Obstetrical Factors Influencing Consumption of Iron and Calcium Supplement In A Rural Community

Background: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy has a proven potential to reduce adverse gestational outcomes, in particular by decreasing the risk of developing hypertensive disorders during gestation.
 Objective: to evaluate various factors influencing the consumption of iron folic acid and calcium tablets supplementation during pregnancy.
 Methodology: A community based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women in the rural field practice area of Jhalawar. Data were collected by house to house visit and analysed using chi-square test.
 Results: Only 55.5% pregnant women have taken IFA tablets while 23.5% women have taken tablets of calcium during their pregnancy. IFA consumption were significantly associated with level of education of women and their husband, socio-economic class, type of family, number of ANC visits and presence of husband during those visits and mass media exposure Calcium consumption were also associated with level of education of women, socio-economic class, number of ANC visits and presence of husband during those visits.
 Conclusions: Consumption of IFA tablets was higher than the national level however calcium consumption was low. Emphasis should be given on early registration, multiple ANC visits, role of family and husband in caring of mother during pregnancy to improve consumptions of IFA and Calcium supplements.

The Concept Of Munakahat Fiqh; Role Of Husband And Wife In Forming A Samara Family (Sakinah, Mawadah, Waromah) Version Of Dhau Al-Mishbah Fi Bayani Ahkam An-Nikah By KH. Hasyim Asy'ari

This research aims to discuss the role of husband and wife in forming a samara family in dhau al-mishbah fi Bayani ahkam an-nikah by KH. Hasyim Asy'ari. This research is a research library, while the approach used in this study is Content Analysis. The data collection technique used is the documentation technique. After conducting in-depth research, it was concluded that to make a samara family needed an excellent synergy between husband and wife. Obligation to form a samara family cannot only be imposed on the husband or wife alone, but both parties have their respective roles that must be carried out proportionally and professionally. The part that the husband must carry out is that the husband must reasonably associate with his wife, fulfil his wife's rights well, live physically and mentally, be patient with his wife's bad behaviour, provide education for his wife, especially education about sharia. 'at religion of Islam. The role that wife must carry out is to obey the husband's orders (as long as the order does not violate Shari'ah), the wife must always try to please her husband, look as beautiful as possible by maximizing her potential, must be trustworthy and not betray when her husband is not at home.

Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurs during a Pandemic: A phenomenological study in East Wiwitan Village, Lamasi District, Luwu Regency

The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been going on for more than 2 years, has hurt people's welfare. The family economy, which is decreasing day by day, encourages women who are in East Wiwitan Village, Lamasi District, Luwu Regency, to work as a form of support to meet the economic needs of the family. The purpose of this research is to answer the problems of 1) the phenomenon of entrepreneurial women in the village of Wiwitan Timur Kec. Lamasi Kab. Luwu 2) the effect of income on women entrepreneurs 3) the effect of independence on women entrepreneurs 4) the influence of the husband's role on women entrepreneurs. The type of research used in this study is a type of qualitative and quantitative Mix Methods research. Qualitative data collection was carried out through interviews with 5 informants, while quantitative data was through distributing questionnaires to 57 samples of female entrepreneurs in the East Wiwitan Village, Kec. Lamasi Kab, Luwu. The results showed that 1) on average, women who are self-employed in East Wiwitan Village, Lamasi District, Luwu Regency are now willing to increase their role by working to help their husbands/families by means of entrepreneurship, such as snack businesses, culinary, mixed stalls. 2) the income variable (X1) has a significant effect on women who are entrepreneurs, the independent variable (X2) has a significant effect on women who are entrepreneurs, and the husband's role variable (X3) has a significant effect on women who are entrepreneurs in the village of East Wiwitan.

The Increase of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Husbands toward the Prenatal Care of their Wives Using the Illustrations Having the Local Cultural Nuance

BACKGROUND: The role of husbands in maternal health during pregnancy is crucial and is related to the high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia. In spite of that, the effort to involve husbands in the maternal health program is still low. AIM: This paper aims to explain the results of the effort to produce learning assisting tools in a form of an illustration having local cultural nuance that can be used to do intervention of health education to increase the participation of husbands in maternal health. METHODS: The research was conducted in Silaen Village, Silaen District in Toba Regency, North Sumatera Province. To make the teaching materials, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted for the village community figures, the village midwives, the pregnant women, and their husbands. After illustrations were made, the trial was conducted to 10 pairs of husbands and pregnant wives. RESULTS: The illustrations made accommodating the role of husbands in maternal health can increase the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of husbands, including the KAP of their wives. The biggest increase happening in the attitude component (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The educational method using an illustration adopting local culture is important to become one of the education teaching alternatives in the effort to improve husband’s KAP.

PERAN WANITA PADA USAHA PENGOLAHAN IKAN ASAP DI KELURAHAN MANGGAR BARU KECAMATAN BALIKPAPAN TIMUR KOTA BALIKPAPAN

The purpose of the study was to determine the motivation of women to work, analyze The Participation of women in decision making and analyze the contribution of women's income to family income in the smoked fish processing business. This research was conducted in Manggar Baru Village, East Balikpapan District, Balikpapan City. The sample used is the processing of smoked fish in Manggar Baru Village totaling 6 processors, the sampling method used is the census method. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis method and income analysis. The results of this study indicate that women's motivation is divided into 2, namely internal ; driving factors the wife chooses to work because it is based on decisions that arise due to unfulfilled own desires and external ; driving factors the family is mutually supportive and helps in processing activities. The Participation of women in the production process is (100%), the husband's role in buying raw materials is (33%) and The Participation of husband and wife in strengthening capital is (33%). The Participation of women in making decisions to work in processing businesses ranging from investment/capital to fishery businesses, management of processing businesses to marketing of fishery products, wife's decision making is greater (67%). The contribution of women's income in helping to increase family income is high with an average of (80%).
 
 Keywords : Smoked Fish Processing, Women's Participation, Motivation, Decision Making, Income Contribution.

Empowered but abused? A moderated mediation analysis to explore the relationship between wife's relative resources, relational empowerment and physical abuse

There is a growing body of literature focusing on the direct relationship between women's relative resources (WRR) and intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Grounded in the popular sociological theories, Relative Resource Theory (RRT) and Gendered Resource Theory (GRT), this study addresses the research gap by proposing a moderated-mediation model to i) understand the process through which WRR influences the relational empowerment and violence victimization, and, ii) explain the role of husband's patriarchal attitude in the proposed linkages. We posit that the relationship between WRR and IPV is mediated by relational empowerment, and husband's patriarchal attitude moderates the relationship between relational empowerment and physical abuse. The proposed model is tested in the Indian context using secondary data collected from 47,514 married couples. As our variables of interest were latent constructs, we first used factor analysis in AMOS v.22. Then, using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique, the proposed model is tested in SPSS v.22 using the bootstrap Confidence Interval (C.I.) method. In our study sample, about 28% of ever-married women reported experiencing spousal violence in the last 12 months. The study finds that WRR is a significant predictor of relational empowerment (β = 0.21, p < 0.01), and relational empowerment is negatively associated (β = −0.06; p < 0.01) with violence victimization, thus supporting mediating role of relational empowerment in WRR-Abuse linkage. The interaction of the husband's patriarchal attitude with relational empowerment significantly predicts violence victimization. Our study results indicate the critical role of socio-cultural norms, rooted in patriarchy, in understanding IPV. The study findings suggest that the potential of women empowerment initiatives against IPV is conditional on men's progressive attitude. The study findings call for acknowledging the complexity of the interaction between patriarchal attitude and IPV on the one hand, and women's position in society, in any attempt at empowerment.