Value Of Hunting Research Articles

Cattle-Deer Interactions in the Sierra Nevada: A Bioeconomic Approach

Four potential cattle grazing systems on summer range in the Sierra Nevada are compared in terms of deer harvest, number of hunters attracted, and the net economic value of hunting. Research on deer carrying capacity response to different 3-year rest rotation grazing patterns indicates continuous moderate grazing provides 82% of the potential deer carrying capacity. A 2-years-off, 1-year-on grazing system provides 94% of potential deer carrying capacity. The increase in carrying capacity associated with grazing 1 year in 3 could increase buck harvest by 200 animals in the Sierra Nevada's hunt zone D5. Change in deer harvest in the previous year is one of the key variables in a model that determines the attractiveness of hunt zones to California deer hunters. The model predicts that increasing buck harvest by 200 deer in hunt zone D5 results in 2,721 more hunters visiting this zone each year. This translates into nearly 11,835 more trips. The net economic value of these additional hunters is determined based on a simulated market approach. Using the value from the hunter survey, the annual increase in hunting value is $2.3 million. The present value of this change over each 3-year rest-rotation cycle is $6.5 million using a 4% discount rate. The incremental benefits of deer hunting gained under the 2-years-off, 1-year-on grazing system is greater than the lost net economic value of the forage to the rancher as computed by USDA Economic Research Service.

Willingness to pay measures and expectations: an experiment

In studies of the willingness to pay for various environmental commodities/services, it is typically explicitly or implicitly assumed that the respondent has perfect has perfect foresight. This paper, which is based on a questionnaire completed by examining if and how the value of a hunting permit is affected by the hunter's expectations regarding the outcome of the hunting. In particular, the willingness to pay is estimated as a function of expected values as well as variances of different variables. Using a question which reflects an extension of Jensen's inequality to the multivariate case, as well as measures of downside risk, it is shown that risk attitudes are important determinants of the willingness to pay for a hunting permit.

Moose management and the economic value of hunting: Towards bioeconomic analysis

An appropriate moose management requires knowledge about how the economy of moose, in terms of values (benefits) and costs, responds to alterations in the moose population. This article, that is based on an empirical study, focuses on one segment of this problem field—the value of moose hunting. It deals with the question of how this value, including aspects of recreation as well as meat, is changing when the moose population density is altered. Furthermore, the article discusses the significance to the hunting value of the moose population's age structure. Generally the hunting value increases—but at a decreasing rate—as the moose population density is increased. There are, however, large geographical differences, so that a certain increase in the moose population density means a lot to the hunting value in one region but less in another. Many moose hunters would, in consideration of their own hunting pleasure, prefer an adult/calve ratio for the bag of moose that diverges considerably from what is stipulated by the authorities.

Hunting in Sweden: Extent, economic values and structural problems

This article, that is based on an empirical study, deals with the extent and economic values of moose hunting and hunting for other game, with a geographical division into Southern Sweden (Gotaland and Svealand) and Northern Sweden (Norrland). Furthermore, structural problems regarding the allocation of hunting among hunters are discussed. About two‐thirds of the total hunting value of all game in the country refers to recreation and one‐third refers to meat. Considerably more than one‐half of the total hunting value of all game is attributable to moose hunting. Nearly three‐quarters of the total hunting value is accounted for by Southern Sweden, the main reasons being that the majority of hunters as well as the major part of the total bag is based in the south. The total (gross) hunting value does largely exceed the money that the hunters actually pay for their hunting. For many hunters, especially in Northern Sweden, there are large discrepancies between the actual extent of their hunting and their real...

Stability of Railway - Car Running at High Speed

SUMMARY From a classical study of railway stability, the author shows how the equations of motion of a railway-car having: either a counter hunting damping device, between wheelset and truck frame, or a direct or crossed stiffness device between front and rear wheelsets are modified. The critical speed is determined by eigenvalues of matrix A (9,9). From the critical speed variations as a function of: CR typical value of counter hunting damping device, K′ b or K′ b typical value of direct or crossed stiffness, we can say that: the influence of these original systems on the critical speed is more interesting for higher values of equivalent conicity γe, for lower values of γe, the critical speed is high already. the best values of CR of K′ b (or K′ b ) are defined from curves given the critical speed as a function of CR or K′ b (orK′ b ). a crossed stiffness device is more interesting that a direct stiffness device.

Research note: An economic model of deer hunting

An economic model of deer hunting is presented with potential for explanation of hunter behavior and valuation of hunting experiences. Depletion, congestion, hunter skills and knowledge, game populations, success, and a number of other factors can all be discussed within the framework of the model. There are three key features of the approach: (1) Benefits from the hunting experience are separated from those attributable to the kill itself. (2) Benefits are derived from the individual hunter's standpoint and then aggregated to obtain values for wildlife areas. (3) A stochastic hunting model is used, treating hunting as a gamble. The model has several interesting serendipities, raises a number of research questions, and provides a framework for organizing and directing research efforts related to hunter behavior, hunting quality, and hunting values.

Nonconsumptive Uses of the Michigan Deer Herd

Nonconsumptive public uses of wildlife were divided into 4 categories: (1) nonconsumptive experiences while hunting, (2) active pursuit with intent to observe wildlife, (3) incidental observation, and (4) conceptual activities related to wildlife. This classification system was applied to measure the nonconsumptive uses of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by Michigan taxpayers who filed individual income tax returns in 1974. A mail questionnaire revealed that 41% of the respondents were involved in searching for deer solely to observe and/or photograph the species. Nearly 90% thought that seeing deer would add, or added, to the enjoyment of their favorite outdoor recreation. An estimated 78% of the respondents during the year participated in conceptual activities related to deer. About V3 of the respondents were not involved in deer-related activities during the prior year. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 43(3):620-625 Hendee (1969) differentiated appreciative uses of wildlife, such as viewing, research, and photography, from consumptive uses such as hunting and trapping. Since that time, nonhunting uses and benefits of wildlife have received increasing attention. The economic value of nonconsumptive wildlife recreation, at least in the southeastern United States, has been evaluated and was found to exceed the combined value of hunting and fishing (Horvath 1974). The psychological values of wildlife to nonconsumptive enthusiasts have been studied (Kellert 1976), as well as the demographic characteristics of these people (Applegate 1974, Horvath 1974, Aney and Cowan 1975, Allred and Jones 1976). All of these studies have used different definitions of nonconsumptive uses of wildlife, and have focused on wildlife at a general level rather than on individual species. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to develop a preliminary classification system for describing nonconsumptive uses of a single species, white-tailed deer, and to investigate perceptions and indirect use of the herd by Michigan taxpayers. For inspiration and advice I thank G. A. Petrides, J. H. Fitch, R. L. Levine, and D. E. Ullrey, all of Michigan State University. Technical assistance was provided by G. C. Jamsen, Michigan Department of Natural Resources.