Hungarian Study Research Articles

„Idegen szülöttet [...] csempész a családi név alá”

The study formulates hypotheses for a more extensive historical examination of the connections and relations of names and translation within the Hungarian cultural heritage. It highlights that literary and non-literary (that is, of other types of texts) translation practices are more closely related than previously suggested by the cultural sciences of the 20th century. This is supported by the practices, strategies, and versions of Hungarian literary and non-literary translations, although the context of a literary work often puts a special emphasis on the name (proper names) and in some cases encourages methods that are rare or unusual in non-literary texts. In this case, however, it is not the translation orthe translator that acts differently, but the name, because the relationship between text (work of art) and language is different in literature than in other cultural texts, and the translation seeks to maintain and mediate this relationship. Hungarian literary studies have not dealt extensively with the issues of name translation. However, the concept and phenomenon of names has played and continues to play a significant role in thinking about literary translation (in theories of literary translation). This is illustrated, for example, by how practical experiences with translating names, like the “translation” (Magyarization) of names and costumes in plays, encouraged a rethinking of the relationship between translation and identity beginning in the 19th century (through the metaphor of a name as clothing). In addition, the highly metaphorical language of translation studies was deeply influenced by autonomasia (Hungarian Shakespeare, Hungarian Molière etc.), which played a significant role in depicting the elusive relationship between original and translation, author and translator.

A review on children and adolescents’ mental health indicators: Towards a valid mental health assessment in Hungarian youth

The application of appropriate qualitative and quantitative indicators of youth’s mental health is vital for the entire health care system, including the individuals, health care providers, and health policy. These can enable both researchers and policymakers to carry out comparisons across time, interindividual differences and culture. In our scoping review, we aimed to identify psychological, social and systemrelated indicators that can provide direct and indirect information regarding Hungarian youth’s mental health status. Additionally, we focused on providing a model regarding mental health evaluation measures, comparable to the international models. To determine the indicators of mental health, international and Hungarian literature was reviewed through primary and secondary sources. During the analysis, the following databases were searched: ERIC, Google Scholar, MedLine, Pubmed, ResearchGate and Science Direct. A total of 76 papers met the criteria, containing 38 Hungarian studies and 38 international ones. The review revealed that, similar to the international trends, the Hungarian assessment of positive (e.g., satisfaction with life, aspiration index, social support, coping skills, health-preserving behavior), negative (e.g., emotional symptoms, social difficulties, sadness, depression, anxiety) and other mental health indicators (e.g., alcohol abuse, drug-related disorders, suicide, bullying,) can be measured by standardized, validated tests. The indicators identified in the current review can support professionals and policymakers to systematically improve the quality of health care. With the use of appropriate indicators, more accurate results concerning the current mental health status of the children and youth can be provided, which would enable more effective prevention and intervention in the health care system and related domains.

Urban Morphology: The Classical and Modern Research Methodologies

This article aims to explore the Hungarian and foreign urban morphological studies as a basis for possible new investigation methods that can follow or innovate the existing methodologies. For this reason, the exploration of the currently known models is essential. The "classical" morphological studies dealt with the structural shapes, historical elements, and changes of the settlements, based mainly on empirical and manual research. In the 1980s, new "modern" research methods emerged with the help of computer software, statistical data and Geographical Information Systems, representing a quantitative approach. Today inter- and multidisciplinary morphological studies are also widespread, combining several areas like ecology, sociology or sustainability with urban studies providing new research directions.

Načrti avtonomne in upravne organiziranosti Slovenske krajine v obdobju Károlyijeve ljudske republike (od novembra 1918 do marca 1919)

The article discusses a specific field of the history of the Prekmurje Slovenes and the Prekmurje area itself, from the end of the First World War to the formation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, namely attempts to find a solution for the administrative or autonomous organization of the Slovene community there, to keep the Prekmurje area as a part of the Hungarian state. Various Slovene and Hungarian studies have mentioned contents related to attempts at the autonomous or administrative organization of the Slovene community (probably most thoroughly written by László Kővágó and Miroslav Kokolj). However, there have been almost no articles that would focus directly on this topic. In the context of the preparation of this article we have primarily processed the Hungarian and Slovene archive resources (as well as some newly researched ones), published local newspapers from that period (especially Novine and Muraszombat és vidéke) and a part of literature, where the authors – allthough the studies were mostly ideologically oriented – also devoted major attention to substantive questions of the planned autonomous and administrative arrangements of Prekmurje Slovenes.

Oral Health Status of Physically Disabled Inpatients - Results from a Hungarian Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the aetiological factors having an impact on the prevalence of dental caries, missing or filled teeth in a subsample of a single-centre cross-sectional study conducted among the inpatients of the National Institute of Medical Rehabilitation in Hungary. Data collection was carried out through the full mouth screening for dental caries according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and a questionnaire covering social background, oral hygiene routine, eating habits for all inpatients who underwent rehabilitation between May 2019 and March 2020. The mean + standard deviation (SD) DMF-T score in the study sample of 110 physically disabled patients was 18.90 + 7.85. Factors which influenced DMF-T were age, frequency of dental visits and frequency of toothbrushing. The caries prevalence was higher than in the general Hungarian non-disabled population. In the current study it was apparent that patients with physical disability had less favourable oral health with frequent occurrence of dental caries and missing teeth. Based on the results of the current study, new, targeted prevention and intervention can be developed.

Hypoalbuminemia affects one third of acute pancreatitis patients and is independently associated with severity and mortality

The incidence and medical costs of acute pancreatitis (AP) are on the rise, and severe cases still have a 30% mortality rate. We aimed to evaluate hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor and the prognostic value of human serum albumin in AP. Data from 2461 patients were extracted from the international, prospective, multicentre AP registry operated by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Data from patients with albumin measurement in the first 48 h (n = 1149) and anytime during hospitalization (n = 1272) were analysed. Multivariate binary logistic regression and Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis were used. The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/L) was 19% on admission and 35.7% during hospitalization. Hypoalbuminemia dose-dependently increased the risk of severity, mortality, local complications and organ failure and is associated with longer hospital stay. The predictive value of hypoalbuminemia on admission was poor for severity and mortality. Severe hypoalbuminemia (< 25 g/L) represented an independent risk factor for severity (OR 48.761; CI 25.276–98.908) and mortality (OR 16.83; CI 8.32–35.13). Albumin loss during AP was strongly associated with severity (p < 0.001) and mortality (p = 0.002). Hypoalbuminemia represents an independent risk factor for severity and mortality in AP, and it shows a dose-dependent relationship with local complications, organ failure and length of stay.

The Effect of Education and Gender on Language Proficiency: A Study of Multilingual Hungarian Young Adults’ Verbal Fluency

Recent developments in the field of multilingual processing have led to a renewed interest in exploring the effect of verbal fluency tasks from a new perspective (Shishkin &amp; Ecke, 2018). This Hungarian case study intends to investigate the effect of verbal fluency tasks on multilingual participants’ language proficiency with special attention to gender differences and educational background. Six participants were recruited to take part in the study: three males and three females. Respondents’ first language (L1) was Hungarian while their two foreign languages include English (L2/ L3) and German (L2/ L3). Data for this study were collected by using verbal fluency tasks, namely phonological and semantic fluency tests. Data management and analysis were performed using SPSS 22. The results suggest that students outperformed their graduate peers. The majority of the participants obtained better scores in English in terms of semantic fluency meanwhile most of the subjects achieved greater results in German as for the phonemic category. Female participants outperformed males both in the majority of phonemic and semantic tasks.

Cultural regionalism in Hungarian context

Abstract As an introduction to the thematic issue of Hungarian Studies Yearbook, dedicated to Regionalism in culture – cultural regionalism, the article offers an overview of current research interests in the field. Within the domain of Hungarian studies, regional approaches and the idea of cultural areas as an important frame for cultural analysis and comparison was present in research work from the 19th century. After a general introduction, the article presents the current methodological approaches to regionalism studies and the main topics debated in the fields of literary studies, linguistics, and cultural anthropology.

Genetic effects on educational attainment in Hungary.

IntroductionEducational attainment is a substantially heritable trait, and it has recently been linked to specific genetic variants by genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). However, the effects of such genetic variants are expected to vary across environments, including countries and historical eras.MethodsWe used polygenic scores (PGSs) to assess molecular genetic effects on educational attainment in Hungary, a country in the Central Eastern European region where behavioral genetic studies are in general scarce and molecular genetic studies of educational attainment have not been previously published.ResultsWe found that the PGS is significantly associated with the attainment of a college degree as well as the number of years in education in a sample of Hungarian study participants (N = 829). PGS effect sizes were not significantly different when compared to an English (N = 976) comparison sample with identical measurement protocols. In line with previous Estonian findings, we found higher PGS effect sizes in Hungarian, but not in English participants who attended higher education after the fall of Communism, although we lacked statistical power for this effect to reach significance.DiscussionOur results provide evidence that polygenic scores for educational attainment have predictive value in culturally diverse European populations.

Adaptive Water Management-land Use Practice for Improving Ecosystem Services – a Hungarian Modelling Case Study

During the 20th century in the Hungarian lowlands the emphasis was put on maximizing provisioning ecosystem services (ES), which caused the weakening of regulating and other services. With the growing environmental pressures, it is crucial to apply a more adaptive landscape management. This, however, leads to territorial conflicts, as large areas with water-tolerant land cover (i.e., wetlands, meadows, riparian forests) are needed to buffer extreme hydrological events.We present some findings of the WateRisk project, a research that focused on the possible solutions of these conflicts. In a scenario-based case study, we analyze the outlined issue for the Szamos-Kraszna Interfluve, a 510 km2 lowland catchment heavily affected by excess water. Scenarios were evaluated with an integrated methodology that focuses on the water budget and the total values of ES. The efficiency of the drainage network was found to be minor/moderate as it provided only -1–5% reduction in the spatial extents of inundations, and it contributed only ~20% to the elimination of water coverage. Furthermore, comparing the present (defense-focused) and the alternative (water retention focused) scenarios, the latter turned out to provide higher monetary value for the summed individual and social benefits of ES. This underlines the need for extensive adaptive measures in both water management and landscape planning to create resilience and the ability to cope with contemporary environmental challenges.

Call for Submissions

Research Article| November 18 2021 Call for Submissions Hungarian Studies Review (2021) 48 (2): 262–264. https://doi.org/10.5325/hungarianstud.48.2.0262 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Call for Submissions. Hungarian Studies Review 18 November 2021; 48 (2): 262–264. doi: https://doi.org/10.5325/hungarianstud.48.2.0262 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressHungarian Studies Review Search Advanced Search The editors of Hungarian Studies Review are seeking proposals and submissions for the following types of manuscripts:The editors of HSR also welcome submissions beyond those outlined above, including project and conference reports, polemical scholarly debates, pedagogical discussions, and photo essays (subject to permissions). We also welcome proposals for special thematic issues.The journal provides copy-editing assistance to contributors, though we will return submissions to authors prior to consideration for publication if significant revisions are necessary. Please consult the Style Guide on the HSR webpage (https://www.psupress.org/Journals/jnls_HSR.html —click on “Submissions” and then on “Style Guide”) for details on how to format your submission.Send all proposals and inquiries to our incoming managing editor, Leslie Waters: lwaters@utep.edu.Send all suggestions for books to review to our incoming book review editor, Szabolcs László: szlaszlo@iu.edu. You do not currently have access to this content.

Hungarian Studies Association of Canada Annual Conference 2021

Hungarian Studies Association of Canada Annual Conference 2021

The characteristics and prognostic role of acute abdominal on-admission pain in acute pancreatitis: A prospective cohort analysis of 1432 cases.

IntroductionPain is the most common symptom in acute pancreatitis (AP) and is among the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, we aimed to characterize acute abdominal pain in AP.MethodsThe Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group prospectively collected multicentre clinical data on 1435 adult AP patients between 2012 and 2017. Pain was characterized by its intensity (mild or intense), duration prior to admission (hours), localization (nine regions of the abdomen) and type (sharp, dull or cramping).Results97.3% of patients (n = 1394) had pain on admission. Of the initial population with acute abdominal pain, 727 patients answered questions about pain intensity, 1148 about pain type, 1134 about pain localization and 1202 about pain duration. Pain was mostly intense (70%, n = 511/727), characterized by cramping (61%, n = 705/1148), mostly starting less than 24 h prior to admission (56.7%, n = 682/1202). Interestingly, 50.9% of the patients (n = 577/1134) had atypical pain, which means pain other than epigastric or belt‐like upper abdominal pain. We observed a higher proportion of peripancreatic fluid collection (19.5% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.009) and oedematous pancreas (8.4% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.016) with intense pain. Sharp pain was associated with AP severity (OR = 2.481 95% CI: 1.550–3.969) and increased mortality (OR = 2.263, 95% CI: 1.199–4.059) compared to other types. Longstanding pain (>72 h) on admission was not associated with outcomes. Pain characteristics showed little association with the patient's baseline characteristics.ConclusionA comprehensive patient interview should include questions about pain characteristics, including pain type. Patients with sharp and intense pain might need special monitoring and tailored pain management.SignificanceAcute abdominal pain is the leading presenting symptom in acute pancreatitis; however, we currently lack specific guidelines for pain assessment and management. In our cohort analysis, intense and sharp pain on admission was associated with higher odds for severe AP and several systemic and local complications. Therefore, a comprehensive patient interview should include questions about pain characteristics and patients with intense and sharp pain might need closer monitoring.

Tourism Perspectives in National Parks—A Hungarian Case Study from the Aspects of Rural Development

Nature-based tourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacted the tourism sector and triggered contradictory processes, even in protected areas. This phenomenon opens up new opportunities for nature-based tourism from the perspective of rural development. In this study, we assess the relations between tourism and nature conservation and examine the characteristics of practical cooperation in three Hungarian national parks. Based on in-depth interviews (n = 76), document review, and analysis of tourism-related data, our research proves that nature-based tourism could play an essential role in rural development, but this is far from being fulfilled. None of the sectors have been able to impact the comprehensive development of the rural areas concerned. We conclude that sectoral partnership is inadequate, and there is no effective policy coordination. There is a lack of multiday tourism programs, and the currently available tourism infrastructure is insufficient. Initiatives such as the national park product trademark exist but are not well managed, so they do not have a meaningful impact. The results point out that cross-sector collaboration must be strengthened after the epidemic to provide a basis for policy coordination and joint planning.

Improving Quality Indicator of Melanoma Management - Change of Melanoma Mortality-to-Incidence Rate Ratio Based on a Hungarian Nationwide Retrospective Study.

IntroductionThe incidence of melanoma has been increasing in the last decades. A retrospective Hungarian epidemiological study provided real-world data on incidence and mortality rates. There have been changing trends in incidence in Hungary in the last decade and mortality decreased, shifting mortality-to-incidence rate ratios (MIR). MIR is an indicator of cancer management quality.ObjectivesOur aim is to show the changes of melanoma MIR in Hungary between 2011 and 2018 and to compare the real-world evidence-based results of our Hungarian nationwide retrospective study with other European countries.MethodsMIR is calculated from the age-specific standardized incidence and mortality rates from our study. Annual MIR values are presented for the total population and for both sexes between 2011 and 2018, along with 95% confidence intervals. Comparison with European countries are shown for 2012 and 2018 based on the GLOBOCAN database and Eurostat health care expenditure per capita data.ResultsMIR decreased by 0.035 during the study years. The decrease was same in both sexes (0.031). Male had higher MIRs in all study years. In both 2012 and 2018, Hungarian MIR in both sexes was lower than the European Union average (males: 0.192 vs. 0.212 and 0.148 vs. 0.174 respectively, women: 0.107 vs. 0.129 and 0.083 vs. 0.107 respectively).DiscussionHungarian mortality-to-incidence ratio is the lowest in Central and Eastern Europe and is close to the level of Western and Northern European countries. The results are driven by the high number of new diagnosed melanoma cases.

Politics Without Meso-Level? No Politics at the Meso?

The paper examines the role of meso-level governance in the Hungarian political system focusing on the county self-governments. The objective of the author is to introduce the consequences of the lack of meso-level politics for the backslide of the democratic system. The paper focusing on Hungarian counties seeks to explore the three-decade-long process leading to the progressive elimination of these bodies from the public power arena. The Hungarian case demonstrates how the overall administrative and political centralisation process has contributed to the hollowing-out of meso-level political actors. The Hungarian case study underlines the complex interrelations between the macro-political system, and the territorial political governmental arenas from the aspect of the centre and periphery power relations. Many European regional governments are not only platforms for territorial interest representation but also a counterweight to the central level contributing to the quality and stability of democratic governance. The study reviewing the situation of Hungarian counties draws on the author’s previous empirical research experiences and is a part of the ongoing research on governance issues of peripheral areas1. The results of the analyses discuss the implications of the hollowing-out of county governments on the electoral and party system, the modification of the institutional channels of interest representation. The Hungarian example appears to corroborate the analogy with the theory of second order elections. The theory of second order elections recognized the impact on the turnout and electoral preferences based on the changing role of different governance levels, by the same token, it seems that the weakening power position of the meso contributes to the decline of political competition and publicity by minimizing the interest of the public in general. The objective of the present study is to enrich the assessment of the relationship between territorial governance and democracy with some analytical options by demonstrating the implications of the “second order nature” of the meso.

Initial Renal Function (eGFR) Is a Prognostic Marker of Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Cohort-Analysis of 1,224 Prospectively Collected Cases.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening disease. We aimed to explore the prognostic relevance of renal function based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Methods: A prospective registry of AP patients was established by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Data of 1,224 consecutive patients were collected between 2012 and 2017. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their eGFR measured within 24 h of hospitalization: normal renal function: >90 mL/min, mild to moderate renal functional impairment: 30–90 mL/min and severe renal dysfunction: <30 mL/min. Associations of eGFR with outcome (survival, length of hospitalization, AP severity, blood glucose), inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count), anemia and organ failure (heart, kidney, liver) were analyzed.Results: Death, longer hospitalization and severe AP, but not the cause of AP, were significantly associated with lower eGFR. The inflammatory markers (CRP, WBC count) but not anemia (Hb, Htk) were closely associated with severe renal dysfunction. Renal function was associated with heart and renal failure but not with other complications of AP such as respiratory failure, local pancreatic complications, diabetes or peptic ulcer. eGFR was not associated with liver damage (ALAT, γ-GT) or liver function (serum bilirubin) although biliary complications, alcohol and metabolic syndrome were the most common etiologies of AP.Conclusions: Our study suggests a useful prognostic value of initial eGFR in AP patients. Even mild eGFR reduction predicted mortality, severity of AP and the length of hospitalization. Thus, precise evaluation of renal function should be considered for assessing AP severity and outcome.

Várandóskori munkavállalási tervek megvalósulása és a korai munkavállalás jellemzői

Although views related to the traditional perception of social roles are still widespread in Hungary, the participation of women in the labour market has become more and more typical. However, in many cases having children can pull women out of the labour market for years, breaking their career paths. Mothers are more and more disadvantaged by the increase in time spent away, as the knowledge they need to do their job does not develop further or becomes obsolete, which can hold back career prospects in terms of professional development and even lead to a loss of income. Higher education, married marital status, longer previous work experience and higher personal income increase the chances of early return to the labour market, however, in the case of a single (divorced) marital status or married relationship/ partnership, the partner's high income and higher number of children may reduce the chances of this. The aim of this study is to present the development of the planned period of re-employment assumed during pregnancy half a year after the birth – not a typical pathway in Hungary, which concerns only about 3,6% of mothers – and to map the factors along which the early return to the labour market after the birth can be characterized. All these are determined based on the available literature of the topic and the data of the first (pregnancy) and second (occurring at the age of six months) wave of the longitudinal panel research Cohort ‘18 Hungarian Birth Cohort Study launched by the Hungarian Demographic Research Institute in early 2018.

Contemporary Challenges to the Organic Farming: A Polish and Hungarian Case Study

From year to year, there is an increasing demand for agricultural produce from certified organic farms. However, Poland and Hungary’s demand for this product is almost twenty times smaller than in Western European countries. The greater the demand by consumers for organic farming products, the more agricultural producers decide to switch from conventional farming to organic farming, and this farming is more environmentally friendly because it uses energy and natural resources responsibly, maintains biodiversity, maintains regional ecological balance, improves soil food, and maintains good water quality. This research aimed to compare the motives and barriers to running organic farms in Poland and Hungary, and the challenges farmers must face to undertake the trouble of running an organic farm. The research was carried out among 400 Polish and 400 Hungarian farmers running organic farms. For statistical calculations, discriminant analysis, as well as single-base and chain indices, were used. The main barriers for establishing organic farms: the necessity to adapt one’s farm to the EU requirements, using only natural fertilizers, low yields, the lack of proper advice, and a high degree of bureaucracy. Therefore, for organic farming to develop, further education is needed, both for farmers and consumers. An important aspect is improving the quality of the regulations and simplifying the administrative burden related to organic farming.

Selected English-Language Bibliography of Interest for Hungarian Cultural Studies: 2020-2021

As the above title indicates, because of the publication schedule of Hungarian Cultural Studies this bibliography straddles 2020-2021, covering the period since the publication in Fall of 2020 of last year’s bibliography in this journal. Each year’s bibliography may also be supplemented by earlier items, which were retrieved only recently. Although this bibliography series can only concentrate on English-language items, occasional items of particular interest in other languages may be included. For a more extensive bibliography of Hungarian Studies from about 2000 to 2010, for which this is a continuing update, see Louise O. Vasvári, Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, and Carlo Salzani. “Bibliography for Work in Hungarian Studies as Comparative Central European Studies.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (Library) (2011): http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/hungarianstudiesbibliography