Hungarian Scientists Research Articles

„A kutatói hálózatrendszerben való részvétel, a nemzetközi kapcsolatok kiépítése és fenntartása fontosabb, mint bármikor”

Dr. Mónika Nogel is a very prominent representative of the young generation of Hungarian scientists, a regular contributor to several prestigious journals as well as to Belügyi Szemle. Her interdisciplinary research interests include expert evidence, the credibility of expert witnesses, forensic genetics, and the cross-section of law and bioethics. She received her PhD in 2019 and her publications are among the most cited by world-leading researchers. The occasion of our conversation was the extraordinary achievement of the Associate Professor to have been awarded the Bolyai János Research Scholarship, the "OTKA" Postdoctoral “OTKA” Postdoctoral Excellence Programme and the Bolyai+ Scholarship for Young Higher Education Teachers and Researchers at the same time. We also discussed the role of international research networks, her journey to internationally prominent publications and the possibilities of integrating research results in this specific field of law into education. Dr. Mónika Nogel was interviewed by Dr. Csaba Szabó, Deputy Editor-in-Chief and Szandra Fazekas-Pátyodi, Editorial Associate.

Under the Spell of Distant Landscapes: On the Lives and Work of a Few Famous Hungarian Travellers and Explorers after 1945 – an Introduction to the Topic for English-Speaking Readers

All travellers and explorers have always had the desire and the ambition to discover, for different reasons and motivations, remote and unknown lands. Hungarian travellers and explorers are no exception here. Eminent Hungarian Orientalists, archaeologists, geographers, as well as anthropologists, geologists, zoologists and botanists, and other brave and adventurous scientists, have become justly recognised in recent centuries, even worldwide, for their oeuvres and their scientific achievements. After 1945, travel opportunities in socialist Hungary became more limited, and Hungarian scientists and researchers could embark on their expeditions only with great difficulty, overcoming many obstacles and with scarce financial resources. In this study, I introduce five such brave and determined Hungarian travellers: Dénes Balázs: geographer and karst researcher, János Balogh: biologist, ecologist and professor, Steve Bezuk: engineer and extreme sportsman, who lived in the United States, Ödön Jakabos: Transylvanian writer and “Székely pilgrim”, and finally, Tibor Székely: travel writer, museologist and Esperantist from Vojvodina. They all – through their individual scientific achievements, discoveries, perseverance and human attitude – have become worthy heirs of the outstanding Hungarian explorers and travellers of the past centuries.

TBE in Hungary

Hungarian scientists were among the pioneers in Europe as the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated in 1952. However, most of their observations were published in the Hungarian language, and therefore cannot easily be accessed by the international medical community. Here the relevant Hungarian data are summarized.

Magyar emlékhelyek Pápua Új-Guineában

The study presents the development of Hungarian–Papua New Guinean relations and their respective potentials from the beginnings to the modern days. At the same time, the study lists the Hungarian memorial sites on the island, presents the activities of Hungarian scientists who played a key role in building these relations, explores the historical background of their creation, and outlines how the relations between the two countries can be made more dynamic by building on this rich cultural heritage.

Мандоки Қоңыр Иштванның өнегесі және ғылыми еңбектерінің тарихи маңыздылығы

As we know, Hungarian scientists showed great scientific and public interest in the ancient and medieval history of the Magyars, and a solid amount of historical information has been accumulated in the historical science of Hungary, several scientific schools and trends have been formed. In this regard, the article examines the heritage and scientific works of the outstanding Turkologist of the twentieth century, the founder of European Kypchak studies, the author of unique works on the history, culture and language of the Turkic peoples Mandoki Istvan. The authors of the article analyze the main works and directions of scientific interests, as well as the contribution to historical science of Istvan Mandoka.

Ranking of Hungarian Scientists using H-Index

Ranking of Hungarian Scientists using H-Index

The Arctic from a Hungarian Perspective

The history of Arctic exploration and the natural and social geographical characteristics of the region have been in the focus of Hungarian geographical research for 250 years. These studies are not exclusively geographical, but related to scientific fields (science, ethnography, and geopolitics), and include travel history. At the same time, no uniform work or knowledge base was created that would summarize domestic research in the Arctic region. The present study tries to fill this gap and summarize the role of Hungarian scientists in the research history of Arctic geography and related sciences and covers a geopolitical perspective. During the study, I applied a multidisciplinary approach, using domestic scientific works published in the fields of history, travel history, geography, ethnography, linguistics, as well as international relations, geopolitics, and international law. I concluded that the Arctic region has belonged to the field of interest of Hungarian scientists for centuries. I identified five major periods, during which different aspects and scientific fields played a central role (e.g., natural science, ethnography, geopolitics).

TBE in Hungary

Hungarian scientists were among the pioneers in Europe as the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated in 1952.1 However, most of their observations were published in the Hungarian language, and therefore cannot easily be accessed by the international medical community. Here the relevant Hungarian data are summarized.

Современное зарубежное чувашеведение: Мелинда Такач

The article is devoted to the study of the Hungarian section of the Chuvash studies. The aim of the work is to familiarize the scientific community with new Hungarian scientists. The author uses traditional descriptive and analytical methods practiced in scholarship. The Hungarian section is the most developed area of foreign Chuvash studies. It is due to the linguistic contacts of the Turkic languages of the Chuvash type with Hungarian, which took place in the period before the conquering of homeland by the Hungarians. Currently, Hungarian Chuvash studies are mainly represented by linguistic and musicological trends. There are works of a historical and literary plan. One of the representatives of modern scholars of the Chuvash language in Hungary is M. Takács, who asserted herself by direct translations of the works of the Chuvash fiction into Hungarian, mainly the stories of E. Lisina. She also published scholarly works based on personal experience and devoted to the problems of translation and linguistics of a literary text. Thus, a distinctive feature of M. Takács’s Chuvash studies at the moment is a departure from the problems recognized as traditional for the Hungarian Chuvash studies – language contacts. Another direction of M. Takács’s research is the study of nouns published in the book «Works related to the grammar of the Chuvash language» of 1769. Another direction of M. Takács is the study of the problems of «Works belonging to the grammar of the Chuvash language» 1769. The author comes to the conclusion that the scientific developments of M. Takac in Hungarian Chuvash studies develop the traditions of studying the literary texts of Chuvash authors in linguistic and translation aspects.

V. M. Zhirmunsky in Hungary, 1962: Towards the history of the scientific ties

The scientific report of an outstanding linguist and literary critic V. M. Zhirmunsky on his trip to Budapest in October 1962 to an International conference on comparative literature is published with comments and the introduction. This document is not only remarkable in the context of the history of Soviet-Hungarian scientific ties and intellectual exchanges between socialist countries, but also in the light of the history of literary criticism and Slavic studies. It’s interesting because the document reflects the views of the major scientist on the development of international scientific contacts, shows his criticism of the Soviet academic bureaucracy and cautious dissatisfaction with the existing system of science management. The report is also important in connection with the study of intellectual transfers in the Cold War era. The presented document reveals pain points in the history of Soviet science diplomacy. A detailed introduction shows the interaction of V. M. Zhirmunsky and his colleagues with Hungarian scientists, their joint research projects. A special place is given to the figure of Prof. István Sőtér, a prominent Hungarian literary critic and writer, who was the initiator of the 1962 conference. His relations with Soviet scientists, in particular, with Yu. G. Oksman, whom the Hungarian scientist tried in vain to invite to the aforementioned Budapest conference. At the same time, it is concluded that difficulties in the development of international relations of Soviet scientists, in addition to ideological reasons, were due to low management efficiency and bureaucratization.

FORENSIC ASPECTS OF USING CERTAIN TECHNICAL MEANS OF ACTIVE SELF-DEFENSE

The article is devoted to the forensic aspects of ensuring necessary defense through the use by law enforcement officials of physical pressure of limited influence, special means (including non-lethal action) and firearms of increased efficiency. The authors, based on the results of forensic practice, assessed the effectiveness of the actions of law enforcement officers to prevent the excess of necessary defense during covert investigative (search) activities. A systematic analysis of recent studies and publications on this issue showed that in the modern global world, the main task of forensic support for law enforcement agencies in different countries is to optimize the processes of detecting, disclosing, investigating and preventing crimes and therefore contributes to the establishment of objective truth in criminal proceedings. A sufficiently high level of criminalization of various spheres of life of modern society requires deep transformations in the system of preventive measures carried out by law enforcement agencies, government bodies and public organizations. The use of special forensic knowledge, along with other forms of preventive activity, can significantly enhance the prevention, detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes. The preventive activity of forensic experts is to study and identify the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of socially dangerous acts. It is noted that Hungarian scientists consider the issues of crime prevention and operational-search activity to be the subject of forensic science. The international experience of disclosing, investigating and preventing crimes indicates a significant number of unsuccessful investigative actions due to the incompetent use of firearms and active defense equipment. It is concluded, based on the content of the concepts of disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes, and taking into account the historical experience of forensic research of means of necessary defense and firearms, that it is necessary to develop forensic recommendations. In order to increase the efficiency of covert investigative (search) actions by law enforcement officers through the use of modern means of necessary defense and means of physical influence of limited action, as well as special types of non-lethal police weapons with improved characteristics.

TBE in Hungary

Hungarian scientists were among the pioneers in Europe as the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated in 1952.1 However, most of their observations were published in the Hungarian language, and therefore cannot easily be accessed by the international medical community. Here the relevant Hungarian data are summarized.

Estimation of agro-ecosystem services using biogeochemical models

Agro-ecosystem services are the various benefits (e.g., crop yield) that people freely obtain from the properly functioning agricultural lands. The estimated changes in climatic conditions including increasing temperature, with particular attention to the summer means, together with the expected changes in the temporal precipitation distribution pose enormous challenge to the agriculture. Currently, dynamic system models are most frequently used tools that are capable of estimating the prospective effects of climate change on agro-ecosystems. A deterministic biogeochemical model is presented that is developed by Hungarian scientists within the framework of the AgroMo project. The main goal of the AgroMo project is to develop climate-smart strategies in order to mitigate the effect of potential future hazards in the context of climate change by 1) creating a complex, state-of-the-art experimental platform; 2) producing ten new, 0.1° spatial resolution climate scenarios based on the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios; 3) developing an integrated assessment and modeling framework that is capable of simulating every major land use types; 4) analyzing/simulating a great number of adaptation strategies that can be used to support decision makers. Based on the preliminary simulation results, climate change will most likely expose significant negative impact on the spring sown crops in Hungary. Although, the yield losses could be avoided with irrigation or could be mitigated with earlier sowing, the role of winter crops is likely to become more significant in Hungary in the future.

Augmented reality as a tool for open science platform by research collaboration in virtual teams

The provision of open science is defined as a general policy aimed at overcoming the barriers that hinder the implementation of the European Research Area (ERA). An open science foundation seeks to capture all the elements needed for the functioning of ERA: research data, scientific instruments, ICT services (connections, calculations, platforms, and specific studies such as portals). Managing shared resources for the community of scholars maximizes the benefits to society. In the field of digital infrastructure, this has already demonstrated great benefits. It is expected that applying this principle to an open science process will improve management by funding organizations in collaboration with stakeholders through mechanisms such as public consultation. This will increase the perception of joint ownership of the infrastructure. It will also create clear and non-discriminatory access rules, along with a sense of joint ownership that stimulates a higher level of participation, collaboration and social reciprocity. The article deals with the concept of open science. The concept of the European cloud of open science and its structure are presented. According to the study, it has been shown that the structure of the cloud of open science includes an augmented reality as an open-science platform. An example of the practical application of this tool is the general description of MaxWhere, developed by Hungarian scientists, and is a platform of aggregates of individual 3D spaces.

О выходе совместного сборника научных статей ученых России и Венгрии

О выходе совместного сборника научных статей ученых России и Венгрии

TBE in Hungary

Hungarian scientists were among the pioneers in Europe as the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated in 1952. However, most of their observations were published in the Hungarian language, and therefore not easily accessed by the international medical community. Here the relevant Hungarian data are summarized.

Hungarian scientists are on edge as country is poised to force out top university

Hungarian scientists are on edge as country is poised to force out top university

Once Upon a Hungarian Oceanography on the Adriatic

The aim of this article is, to acquaint you with a forgotten story of a country’s early oceanography activity, which later lost its sea, and 2/3 area of its ground, but never lost the respect to the oceans life. During the time of the Autro- Hungarian Monarchy (1867-1918) the oceanography have been developed in a short time in the Adriatic-Mediterranean region, so there was need for stations to run scientific researches, and to have base stations for the expeditions. The Hungarian scientists always had been among the firsts from the beginning, but they could get own station only in 1905 at Fiume. Before the breaking out of the WW-I they were able to run a lot of researches, and two famous Adriatic expeditions.

“Process of Philosophers” in 1973 as an Attempt to Stop the Development of the Dissent in Hungary

The aim of the article is to examine the little-known in the Ukrainian historiography moments of the Hungarian-Soviet relations, which have been linked with a critical perception of the economic reform in Hungary in 1968 by the Soviet Union Communist Party. Following the crackdown on the Prague Spring, Hungary remained the only one among member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which continued to reform the economy for higher living standards in 1969–1972. It evokes a negative reaction of the SUCP leadership, which J. Kádár could not ignore. One of the indirect consequences of the Kremlin demands to stop the economic reform was the “philosophers’s process” 1973. The paper considers the Hungarian Socialist Worker’s Party’s response to ideological criticism of the Hungarian scientists conserning philosophical foundations of socialism in general and the political consequences of its implementation in particular. It provides the evaluation of HSWP analysts on key provisions of leading representatives of the Budapest school of philosophy: G. Márkus, A. Heller, M. Vajda, sociologist A. Hegedüs. In these papers argued that don’t exist authentic marxism, socialist revolution is not led to radical changes in the forms of social life, so there were no revolutions, revolutionary nature of the working class and the labor movement in socialist countries were questionable, socialism is not built, however modernization was implemented. This article demonstrates the nature of the personal position of J. Kádár, whish consists of balance between the demands of the Kremlin and the needs of Hungarian social development. It was found that the future leaders of the urban opposition group J. Kis and G. Bence were among philosophers, who were expelled from the HSWP or subjected to administrative pressure. It was their first conflict with the state power, which promoted awareness of the need of conversion into opposition activity. Article first time in Ukrainian historiography gives a complete picture of the conditions under which formed critical views of the scientific community in Hungary to socialism. The Hungarian archival materials unknown by this time were used.

The Acupuncture Meridians are Wave Sensitive – Quantum Ways of Diagnosis, Drug Testing, and Healing

This article explains that the waves propagating along the acupuncture meridians, which were theoretically predicted by the author and experimentally confirmed by Hungarian scientists, are at the basis of the observed response of each acupuncture meridian to specific colors and sounds. The therapeutic effect of different colors of light or different sounds is explained as a harmonic frequency resonance to the frequency of the wave running along each meridian; it is also the basis of the quantum ways for diagnosis and drug testing called Bi-Digital O-ring test. The homeopathic remedies also heal as waves through the frequencies of the substance imprinted on the water structure (the substance doesn't need to be present). The classical pulse diagnosis (used with acupuncture for early detection of diseases) is explained as detection of the amplitudes of the waves running along the acupuncture meridians, which reflect the waves' phase changes (delays or speed up).