Hunedoara County Research Articles

Identification of Opportunities for Capitalizing on Tourist Potential in Hunedoara County through Rural Tourism Activities and Supporting the Development of the Local Community

The need to diversify economic activities in rural areas is essential for stimulating sustainable development. In this regard, rural tourism can be an effective tool for supporting the development in rural areas. The purpose of this article was to identify the favorability of Hunedoara County for rural tourism activities, which would contribute to the sustainable development of tourism. Rural tourism activities would generate economic and social benefits both for local communities and for tourists, and at the same time preserve and protect the cultural and natural values of the area. The research methods used to carry out this study are both qualitative (documentary study) and quantitative (a questionnaire applied in order to identify the perceptions of tourists with respect to the tourist development potential of Hunedoara County through rural tourism). The main results of the research consist in the identification of some directions for future development of Hunedoara County. These directions would, in the future, lead to an increase in the visibility of local rural communities; to the preservation of local traditions and customs, while promoting sustainability and respect for the environment; and to the implementation of a plan for sustainable development through rural tourism in the studied area.

The Use of Remote Sensing Techniques in the Analysis of the Influence of Forest Ecosystems over the Precipitation

The processing of remote sensing images and their integration into a Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyse and manage an area represents a modern approach that is increasingly used. In the present paper, a predominantly moun-tainous area was studied and analysed, located in Hunedoara County – Romania, near the city of Hateg and the Retezat Mountains. A satellite scene from 09.24.2019 from the RapidEye remote sensing system was retrieved, processed and subjected to complex remote sensing analyses. These remote sensing data were analysed and processed, and based on them a series of specific indices were calculated and interpreted, namely, for the characterisation of the vegetation: NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDRE (Normal-ised Difference Red Edge Index), SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), MSAVI (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), CI Green (Chlorophyll Index Green), CI Red Edge (Red Edge Chlorophyll Index), RTVI core (Red Edge Tri-angular Vegetation Index), SR (Simple Ratio), Red Edge SR (Red Edge Simple Ratio), LAI (Leaf Area Index).

The Dacian Fortress at Cucuiș – Dealul Golu (Hunedoara County) in the light of LiDAR data

The Dacian fortress at Cucuiș- Dealul Golu (Hunedoara County) is a lesser-known fortified hilltop situated not far from the capital of the Dacian Kingdom. Discovered in the 1970s, it underwent several systematic research campaigns in the 1990s; however, the published information remains scarce. There is no record of a published plan, and the research reports do not include any visual documentation. The entirety of Hunedoara County is now covered by ANCPI's recently released digital terrain model, which was generated from LiDAR data. This offers a remarkable potential for conducting archaeological landscape research, particularly with regard to the Dacian era. By utilizing the most recent data, this article presents a fresh viewpoint on the layout of the Dacian fortress at Cucuiș, specifically highlighting the terraces, fortifications, and pathways.

Defining Aspects of the New Economy in Valea Jiului Carboniferous Basin

Abstract The new economy of Valea Jiului Carboniferous Basin changes the economic profile of the six localities with urban status in Hunedoara County: Petroșani, Vulcan, Lupeni, Petrila, Uricani and Aninoasa. The changes in the new economic landscape occurred in a relatively short period of time (about 33 years) and created educational, social and political imbalances. The new economy proposes the reintegration of a significant part of the population by abandoning extractive operations, reducing the secondary sector of the economy and focusing on the tertiary sector, the service sector. The business environment in the Valea Jiului coalfield is going through a new stage, which began with the restructuring that began in 1990. It is influenced positively or negatively by technological advances, European Union policies, local, national and international political events and the evolution of demand and supply. Technology and strategic innovators have the opportunity to quickly enter competitive markets and replace or assimilate local players.

The Influence of Embodied Cognition Activities on Early Language Education Approaches for Small Preschoolers

Embodied cognition activities involve active interactions that train the motor system, the perceptual system and physical interactions with the proximal environment. In the language education of young preschoolers, these types of activities train young preschoolers in the process of learning new words, their comprehension and correct pronunciation. The article presents the influence exerted by the „Integrated exploitation of sensory-motor stimuli” educational program with an emphasis on capitalizing on embodied cognition activities, in the early language education approaches of small preschoolers. Early language education through this type of activity proves effective because it encourages children to make connections between words and concepts using tactile, visual and motor experiences. This approach helps to develop strong connections between words and their meanings. The methods used were the observation of the language behavior of the preschooler and the psychopedagogical experiment method, and the applied research tools, the observation grid of the language behavior of the preschooler and the educational program „Integrated exploitation of sensory-motor stimuli”. The study involved 98 small preschoolers, aged between 3 and 4 years, from 3 state preschool education units, from the urban and rural areas of Hunedoara County. The three educational units involved in the research are: „Mircea Sântimbreanu” Secondary School Brad, „Flore de Colț” Extended Program Kindergarten Brad and „Crișcior Extended Program Kindergarten”.

Reducing the occurrence of occupational diseases in order to make the work of mining personnel more efficient

The objectives of the study focus on identifying the professional working conditions and the implementation of labor protection regulations in the mining field; identifying occupational diseases in the mining industry; identifying how these occupational diseases have been treated through various therapeutic forms. Through the questionnairebased survey, we collected both objective data (age, gender, marital status, etc.) and subjective data (opinions, aspirations, attitudes, beliefs, needs, etc.), considering this method appropriate for identifying and describing the aspects targeted by the research. The questionnaire was administered to a group of individuals with various levels of training (engineers, mining rescuers, miners, etc.) who work underground in harsh conditions, within mining enterprises in the Jiu Valley, Hunedoara County. It consisted of 22 questions structured around 4 important dimensions of analysis: professional data, conditions related to the workplace and the implementation of labor protection regulations, aspects related to occupational diseases in the mining industry, and personal data.The analyzed topic is important in the real world as the number of studies in this field is quite limited. The paper will also highlight and graphically present the results obtained from the subjects.

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF THE FARMING SECTOR. CASE STUDY: HUNEDOARA COUNTY

This paper aims to be an X-ray of agriculture in Hunedoara county, beginning with an analysis of agricultural holdings, land fund structure, structure of agricultural activities, population employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and ending up with the value of agricultural output. The agricultural rural area of Hunedoara county is mostly covered by pastures and meadows, while forests and forest vegetation prevail in the non-agricultural area of the county. Cereal grains are mainly grown, maize and wheat being the main cereals. Sheep is the prevailing species in the livestock herds, being the only species in which an upward trend can be noticed. In the case of meat production, only pig meat showed an upward trend, while milk and egg productions remained constant throughout the investigated period. The population employed in agriculture decreased 2.6 times, while the value of agricultural output had the highest value in the year 2021 compared to the entire analysed period.

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CAREER ORIENTATION IN PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

The social dimensions of career choices represent a theme that is discussed internationally, having however only a few research in Romania. In the present article, I wish to examine to which degree social factors influence school and job-related decisions, on a sample consisting of last year's high school students from Hunedoara County. The present study is quantitative, not experimental, done by applying an online questionnaire and manipulating the results in SPSS. Association analyses and a univariate Chi-Square test have been used for testing the hypotheses. The results have indicated major differences between the level of satisfaction concerning career orientation counselling between boys and girls, 11th-grade students and 12th-grade students and the 3 high schools in which the questionnaire was done. Moreover, there is a significant statistical correlation between gender stereotypes regarding jobs and the educational path chosen by the students. An extra conclusion of the study is that career choices are not a result of an orientation process that is happening in schools, but significant influence upon such decisions belongs to the parents.

Villa Rustica from Rapoltu Mare-La Vie (Hunedoara County). Preliminary Zooarheological Data

The article analyzes a fauna sample collected from a villa rustica in Rapoltu Mare, Hunedoara County. The material was gathered during the 2014–2017 seasons consisting of 1,406 fragments, 1,049 of which are fragments from the Roman levels (2nd–3rd centuries AD), and 357 are post–Roman fragments. Cattle dominate the Roman Phase I sample with 33.33%, followed by sheep/goats with 22.22% and pigs with 16.66%. Cattle dominate as fragments in the phases II–III, accounting for 32.02%, followed by small ruminants with 28.43% and pigs with 26.47%. The bones of the dog total 1.31%, while those of the horse, 6.21%. Hunting was a recreational activity, used to obtain furs, hides, antlers, with little impact on food supplying. Hunted prey includes hare, roe deer, red deer, beaver and various small carnivores. Sheep and goats account for 34–37% (NISP/MNI) of livestock at the post-Roman level, followed by pigs (26–27%) and bovines (18–24%). The horse has a threefold quota in comparison with the Roman levels, about 13–15%.

Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Environment in Hunedoara County

Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Environment in Hunedoara County

Familia Bakocz (Bacut) de Caransebes in secolele XV–XVI

The family of Bakocz/ Băcuţ originated in Haţeg region and were attested in the Montainous Banat around 1500. In the beginning, that family was a branch of a very large lineage living at Clopotiva, a village in Hunedoara County. A genealogy written in 1591 from practical reasons describes the ancientness of that family from Transylvania and the division of them into two distinct branches: Pogan (staying in Transylvania), and Bakocz (settling in the Banat). The 1591 genealogy lets us know all of the family’s members, their realtionship and matrimonial alliances with other famous families both in Transylvania (Barcsai of Bârcea Mare) and the Banat (Bethlen of Ictar, Fiat of Armenis, and Simon of Caransebes). The papers reveal the existence of many female and of few male descendants. Such a disproportionate ratio generated the extinction of the family by 1600. The family had an evident Romanian feature, from their origin in Haţeg area and kept it in the Banat environment. Some of the members got Catholic Christian names (Apollina, Francisc, Gaspar, Ladislau), but persistence of the Romanian onomastics is very suggestive: Iancu (Ioan, in papers), Mara/ Marina (Margareta, officially). The family’s real was relatively modest, consisting in dispersed shares of villages and lots in the districts of Caransebes and Mehadia. The matrimonial alliance with the powerful family of Fiat of Armenis was a real gain for them. But their owning was ever vulnerable as based on the women inheriting, strongly contested at the time. In the neighbor county, Hunedoara, the competing is also carried out between the males from the branch of Pogan and the ladies of the one of Bakocz about to die out.

PROMOTING ROMANIAN TOURIST RESORTS. CASE STUDY: GEOAGIU-BAI

In the 21st century image plays a key role in all aspects of life and business. In the mind of the consumer, attractiveness, quality, reliability are linked to reputation and therefore promoting products and services is key to any business endeavor. In the tourism sector, for example, Romania faces a special challenge, i.e. the attempt to revive tourist resorts which have known great success in the communist time but which have been forgotten and deserted ever since. The paper presents the results of a research conducted in Geoagiu-Bai, a typical communist balneal resort from Hunedoara county, where considerable marketing and PR efforts are made to resurrect people’s interest for the resort and its surroundings.

Farming Beginning in Southwestern Transylvania (Romania). Subsistence Strategies in Mureş Valley during the Early Neolithic

Early Neolithic communities penetrated in southwestern Transylvania and were established in the Mureș Valley where they found suitable territories for domestic animal herds and probably plant cultivation. The present study tries to answer questions related to the beginnings of the neolithisation in this area, from an interdisciplinary perspective, valuing archeozoologically and archeobotanically the Starčevo-Criș site of Soimuș-Teleghi (Hunedoara County), dating to the 7th–6th millennium BC. Animal skeletal remains and phytoliths are the proxies analysed in this paper, offering data about the palaeoeconomy and palaeoenvironment of the Early Neolithic settlement. In the archaeozoological samples, the remains coming from domestic mammals are the most frequent, being identified as cattle (Bos taurus), sheep/goat (Ovis aries/Capra hircus), pig (Sus domesticus), and dog (Canis familiaris). The fact that pig remains are almost absent in the samples is significant, suggesting a mobility of the evaluated communities. The skeletal remains of wild mammal species are rare, belonging to red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), aurochs (Bos primigenius), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and polecat (Mustela putorius). The strong dominance of grasses is attested through the phytoliths’ assemblages. ELONGATE DENDRITIC phytoliths are well represented. This morphotype, which originates from the inflorescence or the husk of Poaceae, is most likely derived from cultivated plants (cereals such as wheat, barley, etc.). Archaeozoological and archaeobotanical data resulting from this study suggest an open environment around the Early Neolithic settlement, where communities of the Starčevo-Criș culture mainly raised herds of cattle and sheep/goat. Sporadically, hunting and gathering molluscs were practised by the inhabitants, as indicated by archaeozoological results.

Analyzing Performance in Wholesale Trade Romanian SMEs: Framing Circular Economy Business Scenarios

The study analyzes the performance levels achieved by Romanian wholesaler SMEs from Hunedoara County and to advance some practical courses of action designed to support local entrepreneurs in improving efficiency and in embracing circular economy (CE) practices. We employed cluster and discriminant analyses with a focus on providing an accurate classification of trade SMEs, according to their performance. Three distinct classifications of SMEs resulted in: (i) a class of enterprises displaying high levels of the rates of return, whose business owners exhibited an increased risk appetite and applied investment policies focusing on future development by means of incorporating digital instruments; (ii) a class of SMEs displaying average levels of rates of return, which manage to survive in situations of crisis through maintaining the position previously gained on the market; and (iii) a class of SMEs exhibiting a precarious financial position and employing defensive strategies, with managers who are reluctant to take risks in the innovation processes. Furthermore, we present a cloud computing solution which was tailored for one of the companies from our sample that appeared to be the most likely to carry out the transition from the average SME performance class to the higher class. The main advantages that are brought about by the IT solution in terms of environmental sustainability consist of: improvements in energy efficiency, the decrease in carbon footprints, the lowering of operational costs and the diminishing of the amount of e-waste.

UN REPREZENTANT MAI PUŢIN CUNOSCUT AL ELITEI CLERICALE DIN TRANSILVANIA. PREOTUL POMPILIU PISO (1886–1944) ÎNTRE ALTAR, POLITICĂ ŞI LUMEA AFACERILOR

The personality of the Orthodox priest Pompiliu Piso (1886–1944) is less known in specialized literature. A native from Hunedoara county, he began his ecclesiastical career in the village of Cărpiniș near Abrud. As the parish priest of this village, he participated as a delegate with credentials at the Great Union from December 1st, 1918. In the interwar period, Pompiliu Piso became protopope of Zarand. In parallel, he also got involved in political life, oscillating between the People’s Party and the National Liberal Party. The distinguished cleric was a member of the Romanian Parliament, both as a deputy and as a senator. The most important dignity he held was that of vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies. He retired from the office of protopope for an economic career, within the “Mica” Society specialized in gold mining.

Using Cluster and Discriminant Analyses in Order to Explore Companies’ Performances and to Draw up Business Development Scenarios: A Case Study Performed in Hunedoara County, Romania

Using Cluster and Discriminant Analyses in Order to Explore Companies’ Performances and to Draw up Business Development Scenarios: A Case Study Performed in Hunedoara County, Romania

The Development Of Rural Tourism In The Municipality Of Orăștioara De Sus, Hunedora County

The development of rural communities is a process in which the community is actively involved, with the aim of mobilizing all initiatives to capitalize on its own resources for the social and economic benefit of the community. The authors of this paper propose an analysis of the existing resources on the territory of the Orăştiora de Sus commune, Hunedoara county. In this study, both types of tourism presented above are demonstrated in the commune of Orăştioara de Sus. Rural tourism can be carried out strictly through the involvement of the community in this field, and agritourism can include services carried out by the inhabitants of the area where the authorities are involved in cultural tourism and mountain sports. The methodology used in the research consists of the collection and processing of statistical data, graphic interpretation, as well as the analysis and synthesis of information regarding the development of the rural area from the specialized literature in the field. After completing a SWOT analysis, the authors determine the main directions the locality should go in terms of development.

Considerations regarding the macrobotanical remains from ceramic vessels found at Șoimuș – La Avicola (Ferma 2), Hunedoara County

In 2011, a joint team from various cultural institutions (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Museum of Dacian and Roman Civilisation and National Romanian History Museum) have collaborated in rescue excavations on the A1 highway (Lugoj– Deva). This research uncovered a multi‑stratified settlement with occupations dated to the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and Medieval periods. The Neolithic period (Vinča culture) is represented by two main layers. Radiocarbon dated the Neolithic occupation between the end of the sixth millennium and the beginning of the fifth millennium BC (Vinča culture, B and C phases). It this study, the contents of twenty‑one complete and fragmented ceramic pots were analysed. The infill sediment from these vessels was wet sieved. The soil infill of eleven vessels yielded macrobotanical remains, mainly charred seeds. The context of these pots are as follows : five vessels were discovered in pits, two were found in dwellings, three came from the occupational layers, and one from an unknown context. The archaeobotanical samples recovered consist of fragments of caryopses, chaff of wheat (Triticum sp.) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum) and some seeds of weeds and shrubs.

Aspects regarding the development of tourist potential in Simeria area, Hunedoara county, Romania

At the beginning of the 18th century, begins to take shape, on the left bank of the Mures River, what today is considered by dedicated specialists "a national monument in the art of parks" and at the same time the oldest and most valuable collection of exotic woody plants and autochthonous from Romania, the wonderful Arboretum from Simeria. The geographical position favors the development of tourism, through the diversity of the landscape (dendrological park, hills, Mureș valley, Strei valley), the natural resources are large, possibility of hiking, the capacity of the territory to support several types of tourism; ecotourism can be developed and promoting the local arboretum brand would include the city of Simeria and the area in the tourist circuits. The aristocratic gardens from Banpotoc (located near Simeria) represent the work (over 15 years) of an italian in love with Romania. Giovanni Savatelli created „I Giardini di Zoe” with love for his granddaughter, Zoe, for our country but also from passion for gardening. In order to promote tourism in Simeria area, we must take into account both the natural and anthropogenic potential, besides it is necessary to preserve the traditions and popular habits of the area and develop these resources.

The Old Style Song in the Land of the Foresters, Hunedoara. Melodic Types with Refrain Resulted from Melodic Interjections

"Old style songs are the most numerous, varied and widespread folk music productions in the entire Romanian territory. Researchers such as Béla Bartók and Emilia Comișel have conducted collections in the Foresters’ Land in Hunedoara County. In the summer of 2017, together with prof.univ.dr. Ioan Bocșa, we did a lot of research in this area as well. Hundreds of songs belonging to this lyrical genre have been collected, both in previous collections and in our own. The songs are performed, for the most part, by women, in the privacy of their home, on the border or in gatherings. Although it is a mainly individual genre, group interpretations have also been recorded. The vocal emission is similar to ritual songs (metallic, strong, sustained voice); we were amazed, as a performance of the group interpretation, with the unison execution of the ample and complex ornaments. For our study, we selected melodic types that have a very short refrain (two or three syllables), which has been theorized over time as a melodic interjection; due to the extension (up to a melodic line), a consequence of an excessive ornamentation, we consider it to have the status of a refrain. Keywords: Land of the Foresters, Hunedoara, old style vocal song, melodic interjection, refrain. "