Hundreds Of Houses Research Articles

2D Hydrodinamic Modelling of Flood Inundation Scenarios of Krueng Peuto River at North Aceh Regency of Aceh Province

Krueng Peuto sub-watershed, is a part of the Krueng Keureuto watershed in North Aceh that frequently experiences flooding. At the end of 2021, an embankment broke on the Peuto River and caused river overflow and submerged hundreds of houses in 33 villages around the sub-watershed. This study aims to analyze the critical circumstance of the Krueng Peuto sub-watershed which potentially lead to Peuto River overflow, using a 2D hydrodynamic model Geo-HECRAS. The validation of flood distribution points is based on historical floods conditions, i.e. depth and area of flood inundation, with modeling results for return periods scenarios of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. From the modelling results, the flood inundation area at the 25-year return period was 25.514 km2, with a flood depth of 0-1 m covering an area of 8.35 km2 (32.73%), a depth of 1-2 m covering an area of 6.71 km2 (26.33%), and a depth of >2 m covering an area of 10.44 km2 (40.95%). The validation results of the 25-year return period flood inundation with flood distribution points show that in the flood inundation area there are 17 flood distribution points or the flood inundation area already represents 81% of flood distribution points.

DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL SYSTEM IS A RESPONSE TO MILITARY CHALLENGES

The problems associated with incompetent land and resource management, inefficient administrative and land taxation systems are especially acute in the face of geopolitical threats and military challenges. The shadow land economy, concealed use of almost half of the shares, socially unfair re-distribution of land resources, and ability to buy hundreds of houses and grounds by one person, and land tax evasion are undermining the communities’ budgets as well as the foundations of social and economic development in rural areas. The paper highlights the need to improve and further develop the administrative and territorial system in Ukraine under the conditions of military challenges. It also presents a journey into the history of administrative and territorial reforms implemented on Ukrainian lands and gives an analysis of similar experience in other countries. The administrative and territorial reforms in European countries managed to combat separatist tendencies. In Europe, the gentrification and urbanization processes preserve the settlement system and sustain the settlement network. However, in Ukraine, even during the war, city authorises continue to support multi-storey residential development projects for city centres, thus undermining the ability of the cities to respond to military threats. The study reveals shortcomings of the current administrative and territorial system and identifies negative patterns in the land taxation system and those associated with socially just re-distribution of land resources. It also proposes a new regional regulation system for Ukraine and presents managerial and regulatory strategies to rationalize main territorial units, namely communities and areas. The ways to increase the sustainability of territories economically, socially, demographically and militarily, are also described. The administrative and territorial reform can only be successful in a socially and economically just society regarding the issues of land recourse re-distribution, taxation system, and infrastructure development.

Hubungan Kesiapsiagaan Remaja Dengan Keterampilan Menghadapi Bencana Banjir di Desa Padas Kecamatan Tanon, Kabupaten Sragen


 
 
 
 Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) conveys that a disaster in English is understood as a disaster is any event that causes damage, loss of human life. The territory of Indonesia is located in a tropical climate area with two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) recorded that 424 disaster events occurred in Indonesia in November 2019 and these events were domiciled by floods. Floods have also caused hundreds of houses to be submerged, thousands of hectares of agricultural area. From the data collected, there are 842 hectares of submerged agricultural area. The water level in the agricultural area reaches more than two meters, resulting in hundreds of hectares of land like a sea of ​​water. Objective: to analyze the relationship between adolescent preparedness and skills in dealing with floods in Padas Village, Tanon District, Sragen Regency. Methods: this study uses a quantitative method that is analytic survey. Sampling using purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 68 respondents. Analysis of the data used in this study in the form of bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. Results: the results of the Chi-Square test obtained a p-value of 0.002 < (0.05) so that there is a relationship between adolescent preparedness and skills in dealing with floods in Padas Village, Tanon District, Sragen Regency. Conclusion: There is a relationship between adolescent preparedness and skills facing flood disaster in Padas Village, Tanon District, Sragen Regency.
 
 
 

Acoustic Wave Based Forest Fire Extinguisher and Detection using Deep Learning

Apart from causing tragic loss of lives and valuable natural and individual properties including thousands of hectares of forest and hundreds of houses, forest fires are a great menace to ecologically healthy grown forests and protection of the environment. Every year, thousands of forest fire across the globe cause disasters beyond measure and description. This issue has been the research interest for many years; there are a huge amount of very well studied solutions available out there for testing or even ready for use to resolve this problem. Forest and urban fires have been and still are serious problem for many countries in the world. Currently, there are many different solutions to detect the forest fires. People are using sensors to detect the fire. But this case is not possible for large acres of forest. In this paper, we discuss a new approach for fire detection, in which modern technologies are used. In particular, we propose a platform that Artificial Intelligence. The computer vision methods for recognition and detection of smoke and fire, based on the still images or the video input from the cameras. Deep learning method “convolution neural network “for finding the amount of smoke and fire. The accuracy is based on the algorithm which we are going to use and the datasets and splitting them into train set and test set.

Government’s Efforts To Minimize The Threat of Coastline Changes on the North Coast of Bengkalis Island

This study aims to analyse the changes in the coastline that will occur using geographic information system technology and formulate anticipatory efforts from the government to overcome the threat of abrasion on the north coast of Bengkalis Island, Riau Province. Bengkalis is a Regency located on the north coast of Riau Province, where the coastal area is very vulnerable to maritime disasters. This is evidenced by tidal waves or high tides that regularly occur at the end of the year in the north coastal area of the Bengkalis Regency. There are hundreds of houses and shopping centre shops submerged by the tide; this is causes harm to the community. In addition, the threat of abrasion, which causes changes to the coastline toward settlements, continues to increase every year; this problem threatens the country’s sovereignty because the worst possibility is to eliminate the island. This study found that coastal abrasion that occurred on the coast of Bengkalis Island reached 39 meters a year, and the average rate of change of the coastline was 14 meters a year.Without serious handling and countermeasures from the government, this will become a big problem.

Tsunami Hazard Zone and Multiple Scenarios of Tsunami Evacuation Route at Jetis Beach, Cilacap Regency, Indonesia

The 2006 tsunami, throughout the Pangandaran to Cilacap Coast, resulted in 802 deaths and 1623 houses being destroyed. At Jetis beach, Cilacap Regency, 12 people died, and hundreds of houses were damaged. This area is a tourism destination, visited by hundreds of people per week. Therefore, this study aims to determine a tsunami hazard zone and the most effective evacuation route based on multiple factors and scenarios. The method of this study includes scoring, weighting, and overlaying the distance of the Jetis beach from the shoreline and the river, including the elevation and topography. The study results depict five levels of tsunami hazard zone at the Jetis beach: an area of high potential impact, moderately high, moderate, moderately low, and low. The southern Jetis beach is the most vulnerable area with regard to tsunamis, characterized by low elevation, proximity to the beach and rivers, and gentle slopes. The simulation results show the four fastest evacuation routes with the distance from the high-risk zone to the safe zone of around 683–1683 m. This study infers that the southern part of the Jetis beach, in the moderate to high impact zone, needs greater attention as it would suffer worst impact from a tsunami.

Quantum of Building Demolishied Debris Associated with Urban Road Construction in Gombe City, Nigeria

Demolition activity is deeply embedded in the urban system. In recent times, infrastructural development in Nigeria’s major cities has led to increase in road construction activities associated with demolition of hundreds of houses from which millions of tons of Demolition Waste have been generated. However, it is widely reported in many studies globally that demolition debris is such waste that can be re-used. Though, this is not the case in Gombe due to paucity of information on its composition, size and quantities. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the volumetric composition of generated demolition debris in Gombe City with a view to knowing the potential quantities available for re-use. The study used both qualitative and quantitative design approach. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 13 roads which were sub-divided in to Lot 1 (8.33km) and Lot 2 (15.04km) and the period of 2011-2014 was considered for the study. Primary data kept by actors and authorities for the compensation assessment which do not refer to demolition debris quantities were used as the bases for extraction of quantities. Handheld (GPS) instrument was used in establishing coordinates; photographs were taken from different locations showing demolition activities taking place and composition of different materials debris. Results revealed that a total of 1,271 structures were evaluated after partially or fully demolished for street widening and/or to pave way for new road construction, in addition a total volume of 129,993.57m3 of Demolished Debris was generated which composed of 10.00% Concrete, 60.30% Sandcrete and 29.69% clay/mud. In conclusion, there exist huge quantities of building demolition debris from street widening and/or new road construction in Gombe city which can be put in to re-use as a component of urban road construction, where properly managed will go a long way to reducing environmental adverse effect due to excessive exploitation for new material.

Modeling Lahars on a Poorly Eroded Basaltic Shield: Karthala Volcano, Grande Comore Island

Lahars impose significant secondary hazards on highly populated volcanic islands by remobilising volcanic ash deposits. Karthala, on Grande Comore Island, is a basaltic shield volcano with sporadic occurrence of ash-forming phreatic eruptions. In 2005, two mildly explosive episodes emplaced tephra blankets on the summit area. Heavy precipitation subsequently triggered the repetitive occurrence of small-volume secondary lahars up to 2012. These lahars impacted the settlements at the foot of Karthala, damaging roads and hundreds of houses, affecting thousands of inhabitants. This study aims at gaining insights into the effectiveness of two simple tools to reproduce the lahars’ extent in this data-poor context. To understand the physical characteristics of the lahars, we first documented the extent and characteristics of the debris deposits at the foot of Karthala volcano and in the ravines that guided the flows. Our observations suggest that the debris was emplaced by small-scale (volumes ≤105 m³), rain-triggered and predominantly low sediment concentration lahars. The spatial extent of the deposits served to calibrate and compare numerical lahar simulations from the widely used volume-limited LaharZ model with results from Q-LavHA, a recent probabilistic flow model originally developed for lava flows. Our comparison demonstrates that LaharZ outperforms Q-LavHA for small-scale lahar simulations. While Q-LavHA has features that mitigate some limitations of LaharZ, such as its ability to simulate flow bifurcations and the transition from constrained to unconstrained flow, it typically underestimates the actual inundated area. Nevertheless, both models show rather poor performance, encountering difficulties in delineating lahar flow paths due to the smooth topography of the volcanic edifice. We therefore also evaluated the potential to increase simulation accuracy by updating a 10-meter resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with channel topography measurements. While this approach led to improved simulation accuracies for both models compared to using un-adapted DEMs, it did not prevent simulations to miss the hazard-prone position of settlements actually affected by the hazard. This study helps inform numerical volcanic flow simulation strategies on young and poorly dissected volcanic edifices, such as basaltic shields, and forms a basis for further developing numerical simulation tools more adapted to these particular environmental settings.

Climate change impact on glacier lakes in Panjshir province of Afghanistan

The upper portion of the ‎Panjshir River watershed consists of steep mountain ‎valleys in the Hindu Kush mountain range, which reaches over 6,000 meters above sea ‎level and remains snow covered throughout the year. The Glacier Lakes there pose a potential flood risk to the Panjshir valley. As the weather is warming ‎globally, the increasing temperatures accelerate the melting rate of the ‎glacier, causing the mountain ice caps to melt and create numerous lakes. Over the last decade, two of these lakes ruptured, leaving dozens of deaths, many hectares of land farm washed out, and hundreds of houses destroyed. This study looks at the potential impact of climate change on villagers in the province.‎ Hydro-‎‎meteorological data ‎(wind, temperature, precipitation, and runoff) from five meteorological stations over the last decade were analyzed with satellite imagery. Discharge data at the outlet of this sub-basin over ten years were also analyzed with remote sensing data for higher accuracy and validity.‎ Rising regional climate temperatures have resulted in faster snow and glacier melting, causing more discharge, high evapotranspiration, and higher ‎water demand. Although precipitation decreased between 2008 and 2018, ‎discharge increased from melting glaciers.‎ Satellite imagery reveals 234 lakes in the valley; ‎‎66 lakes have potential or high-potential risk to the six districts of this province, and Paryan district is at most risk.

Dream Houses in China: Migrant-built Houses in Zhongshan County (1890s–1940s) as Transnationally “Distributed” Entities

ABSTRACT The hundreds of houses built in their home villages by people who had migrated from Zhongshan County, China, to Australia between the mid-nineteenth century and the 1940s represent a remarkable record of transnational flows. Beginning as enlarged versions of vernacular houses, by the 1920s many of the houses were being built in a neoclassical style based on reinforced concrete frames. It is argued here that these houses drew inspiration not from Australia as a country but from a colonial architectural milieu in which Australia participated. The relation of the Zhongshan houses to Australian architecture was to a large degree one of simultaneity rather than a unilinear flow of influence. It is proposed that the houses represent a transnationally “distributed” form of heritage that provokes a rethinking of the conventional approach to migrant heritage in places like Australia where a unilinear, one-way narrative of migration has been imposed, a narrative which disregards the ongoing history of transnational mobility and belonging that is common to many or most peoples’ experience of migration.

Ecological risk resonance of urbanization and its effect on geohazard disaster: the case of Freetown, Sierra Leone

Land use changes associated with urbanization may increase ecological risk and subsequent geohazard risk. Africa is particularly vulnerable at preset as, since 2005, the highest rates of rapid urbanization-associated forest degradation have occurred there. On August 14, 2017, a compound geohazard in Freetown, Sierra Leone, caused thousands of fatalities and destroyed hundreds of houses. Land use change is considered the main factor contributing to geohazard initiation. Here, we use Freetown as a case study to quantitatively assess the magnitude of the increase in ecological risk associated with land use changes. To achieve the aim, satellite images are used in the case study area from 2007 to 2017, the data are integrated into a geographic information system. A series of indices are then used based on the processed images to describe land use and ecological risk, including dynamic index, trend and state index, and ecological risk index. The results show that Freetown experienced a rapid urbanization process, together with an unbalanced increase in urban land and complex conversion of bare and grass land, from 2007 to 2017. Significantly degenerated forest was converted into urban land (2.77%), bare land (6.47%), and grassland (10.27%), while the ecological risk level increased from low to high. The ecological risk in the affected area of geohazard is found higher than that of the surrounding mountainous area. It indicates that vegetation may reduce the risk of disaster. This result is helpful for the trade-off between urban development and ecological protection and rational urban planning. For disaster resilience and sustainable development of Freetown, and also other rapidly urbanizing cities in mountainous areas, ecological protection must be incorporated into development planning.

II: EARLY LIFE: 1906–1924

I was born in London at Wilton Crescent on September the 28th, 1906 almost within earshot of Bow Bells, the definition of a Cockney. The following notice appeared in the press the day after my birth. There was born yesterday an heir to the Irish House of Hare in the person of the son of Viscount and Viscountess Ennismore. Lord Ennismore, who married Lord Derwent's grand-daughter only a year or so ago, is the eldest son of the Earl of Listowel. In addition to his Irish estates, Lord Listowel is the fortunate possessor of a fine, if not large, London property. It is situated near the Albert Hall, and close to Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. It comprises Kingston House and Ennismore Gardens. There are scores, if not hundreds of houses on the estate, and probably not one yields a ground rent of less than one hundred pounds per annum, while some of the larger mansions produce hundreds a year in ground rents. It is to this property that the Earl of Listowel's grandson, born yesterday, is the ultimate heir, as well, of course, as to the Irish estates.

Using the Patient Data in the Hualien Earthquake to Analyze the Reasons of Visit, the Trauma Injury Sites and the Severity

Introduction:On February 6, 2018, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Hualien, the eastern part of Taiwan. The quake resulted in 17 deaths and more than 300 people injured. Four buildings completely collapsed and hundreds of houses were damaged.Aim:The aim of this research was to use the patient data to analyze the reasons for visits, the trauma sites, and the severity.Methods:We obtained the patient information from the Taiwan Eastern Medical Emergency Operation Center. Medical records were reviewed to analyze the primary diagnosis, the trauma mechanisms, and the sites of injury. Injury severity score (ISS) was used to assess trauma severity.Results:Two hundred and eighty patients were included in the study, with 90.3% being traumatic patients. Among them, 18.2% was geriatric trauma, 4.7% was pediatric trauma, and 0.4% was obstetric trauma. The most common injury site was lower extremities (33.2%), followed by head (31.4%) and upper extremities (27.1%). The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 1.9. The geriatric population had an average ISS of 2.4, and the pediatric group had a mean ISS of 1.2.Discussion:In our study, the majority of the patients had minor trauma. Lower extremities may be more vulnerable during the evacuation of an earthquake, and thus, became the most common injury site. The elderly patients had a higher ISS, which may be explained by their immobility and fragility of the body. In the future, it is critical to educate citizens about self-protection during earthquakes, focusing on protecting the head and the extremities. Healthcare providers and emergency medical technicians need to be well-trained to handle geriatric trauma since it poses unique challenges and is associated with increased mortality.

The cost of rapid and haphazard urbanization: lessons learned from the Freetown landslide disaster

Urbanization has been linked to destructive geo-hazards that can cause loss of life, destruction of property, and environmental damage. On August 14, 2017, a devastating geo-hazard chain—a debris slide, debris flow, and sediment-laden flood—in Freetown, Sierra Leone resulted in at least 500 deaths and over 600 missing persons and the destruction of hundreds of houses. This study uses 10 years of high-resolution satellite images to conduct a remote sensing analysis of the disaster. Although rainfall was the trigger, rapid and haphazard urbanization acted to increase both hazard and vulnerability. Specifically, poor urban planning with inadequate consideration of risk led to housing construction in dangerous areas; clearance of hillside vegetation increased erosion potential; very low cost buildings using frail construction material and methods lacked resilience; and insufficient risk management led to weak emergency response.

FUNNELS AS INDICATORS OF STORAGE ACTIVITIES IN THE IRON II SOUTHERN LEVANT

SummaryAlthough literally hundreds of houses have been excavated in the southern Levant, it is not easy to use them to study past spatial activities. While modern excavations allow high‐resolution reconstructions, due to the costs involved only a limited number of houses are excavated nowadays in their entirety; the recording of the hundreds of houses excavated until the 1960s was partial and much of the material (e.g. botanical remains, bones, charred material, etc.) was not even collected. Some of the older reports recorded the distribution of macro‐artefacts, mainly pottery, and a concentration of storage vessels, for example, may indicate that a room was used for storage. The products stored, however, cannot usually be determined. This article suggests that the volumes and forms of funnels may indicate whether they funnelled dry products, liquids or precious fluids, and can therefore be used to identify specialized activities even from reports of older excavations, when other lines of evidence are lacking.

Geo-disaster Laharic Flow along Putih River, Central Jawa, Indonesia

In 2011, laharic flow transporting volcanic materials had significantly occurred along Putih River, causing severe damage in Jumoyo area, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The disaster happened frequently until April 2011. The approximately 150 million cubic meter of volcanic materials expelled from 2010 Merapi eruption has been assumed as main cause of recent laharic flow. Although pyroclastic deposit mostly flew to south and southeastern direction through Woro, Gendol, and Opak Rivers, laharic flow apparently flew to the west – westward directions through Putih and Pabelan Rivers. This study will explain the mechanism of such disaster along Putih River from sedimentological point of view.
 
 Transport mechanism of laharic flow along river is strongly controlled by the slope and type of fluids. In the upper stream area, debris flow commonly occurs as gravity flow in the steep slope. To the downstream area, where more river and surface water infiltrates the volcanic material transportation, laharic flow mechanism transforms to hyperconcentrated flow. In the gently slope area, laharic flow decreases in concentration but increase in amount because of the accumulation influx from several river flows. Hyperconcentrated flow in Putih River is mostly generated by accumulation of river flow in the tributary area. In such area, loose volcanic materials are eroded easily by surface water. Rill and gully erosion bring volcanic material into main channel of Putih River, followed by intensive vertical erosion along upper stream that will produce bigger accumulation of volcanic material within laharic flow in the downstream area. Several sabo dams along the Putih River were damaged during early period of laharic flow due to this transportation mechanism.
 
 At the downstream of in Gempol Village, Jumoyo Area, the main channel of Putih River is shifting northwestward significantly due to Gendol Hill. On the other hand, river body in this settlement area is narrower compared to the upper stream area just before turning point. Both condition cause laharic flow to spill out from the channel and form an unconfined sheet debris flow with a 500 m width and around 2-4 m thick sediments. Although energy of transport is reduced significantly, but this flow is still able to transport abundant volcanic material ranging from silt to boulder. Traditional market and hundreds of houses were buried and the main road from Yogyakarta to Magelang city has been disconnected for several times due to this disaster.
 
 Keywords: Putih River, Laharic flow, Jumoyo

Global and Regional Paradigms of Reconstruction Housing in Banda Aceh

This paper draws on research conducted after the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia, where more than 100,000 houses were built by various agencies following the massive disaster. The research reveals that the residents in Aceh rarely see their reconstruction houses as ‘complete’ and modify these houses to suit their personal needs and aspirations. The relationships between the global and regional forces that drive reconstruction agency housing procurement and production are explored, and compared with the outcomes of user-initiated modifications to the houses. From the hundreds of houses reviewed, here four houses are discussed in detail, built by the Asian Development Bank, representing a global paradigm, and Bank Mandiri, representing a regional paradigm. These houses were modified and extended to varying degrees by their residents, exemplifying the ways in which reconstruction agencies, perhaps inadvertently, empowered residents by enabling them to improve their own housing. The outcomes of this transformation process underscore the advantages of a hybrid between global and regional styles, and the desire of the reconstruction housing residents to recapture some of the local housing culture and reflect regional housing characteristics.

A Review on Forest Fire Detection Techniques

Context. Apart from causing tragic loss of lives and valuable natural and individual properties including thousands of hectares of forest and hundreds of houses, forest fires are a great menace to ecologically healthy grown forests and protection of the environment. Every year, thousands of forest fires across the globe cause disasters beyond measure and description. This issue has been the research interest for many years; there are a huge amount of very well studied solutions available out there for testing or even ready for use to resolve this problem. Aim. This work will summarise all the technologies that have been used for forest fire detection with exhaustive surveys of their techniques/methods used in this application. Methods. A lot of methods and systems are available in the market and for research. The paper reviews all the methods and discusses examples of research experiment results and some market product methods for better understanding. Result. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. A full discussions provided after each type. Conclusion. A full table is provided at the end to summarise a comparison between the four methods.

Analysis of the flash flood occurred on 18 January 2010 in wadi El Arish, Egypt (a case study)

Wadi El Arish is the largest drainage system in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The wadi was subjected to severe thunderstorms on 17 and 18 January 2010 followed by extreme violent flood that had not been known in Sinai since 1980. The flood claimed six victims, injured tens and devastated vital infrastructure and hundreds of houses. Hydrologic characteristics of the wadi are not fully understood due to the great lack of the detailed hydro-meteorological information. Hence, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were widely used to provide better spatial understanding of storm rain characteristics and drainage basin response. The study was based on the analysis of the TRMM images and the averaged six hourly HYDIS data for storm rain analysis. Hydrological model was constructed using ASTER digital elevation models (DEMs). The empirical black model box was used depending on the curve number approach to predict stream runoff. Landcover and hydrological soil groups were identified from the Landsat ETM+ mosaic using multispectral supervised classification. The curve numbers were adjusted to ARC I (dry condition) as the total rain in five-day period preceding the storm was very low (≤5 mm). The study deduced that the wadi received a total rain volume of 665.4 × 106 m3. Most of the rain fell on 17 January with an intensity ranged between 4–8 mm/hr. The estimated total surface runoff Q was 123.3 × 103 mm and the total runoff volume was 124 × 106 m3 that constitutes 18.8% of the total rain volume. The results are in agreement with the observed values in the wadi, and highly required for many applications related to water harvesting and flood protection studies.

Post-disaster assessment in Brazzaville, Congo

According to several corroborating witness statements, on March 4, 2012, between 0800 h and 1100 h, explosions from the arms depot of the armoured regiment of the Congolese Armed Forces razed to the ground hundreds of houses in Brazzaville. The power of the shock wave, propagated by the Congo River, shook buildings 8·5 km away in Kinshasa. The explosions caused extensive damage. Troops from the Congolese armed forces are securing the most sensitive sites. The entire neighbourhood of Mpila and surrounding areas including Ouenze are devastated (figure).