Humpback Grouper Cromileptes Altivelis Research Articles

Growth Performance of Humpback grouper Cromileptes Altivelis Culture With Cage System

Humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis is seawater that lives in tropical waters, especially in Indonesia. This fish has high economic value and is the most expensive grouper fish in Indonesia. Humpback grouper seeds can be used as ornamental fish or raised for consumption fish. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of humpback grouper cultivated with the cage system. During the maintenance, fish were fed with 1-5% feed ratio. Fish were reared from 30g to 200g in size, and a feed conversion ratio of 2 was obtained with a survival rate of 94%. The fish were started to be given mixed feed with a 3-4% feed ratio, consisting of 15% pellets and 85% fresh fish which had been cut according to the fish mouth opening. The next maintenance starts from fish measuring 200g to reaching 500g with a survival rate of 93%. The profit obtained from harvesting 12 times in one year is IDR 590 587 187 years-1, R/C Ratio 1.80, the payback period is 1.7 years, break event point IDR 376 100 576, BEP unit 895kg, and price cost of production (HPP) Rp 233 312kg-1.

Screening of stable internal reference genes by quantitative real-time PCR in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis

Screening of stable internal reference genes by quantitative real-time PCR in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis

Feed efficiency in the growth of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis with prebiotics dietary modulation

Energy for fish to carry on with its biological activities and growth comes from food that they eat. In artificial diets, protein become the most expensive source of energy so it is necessary to keep the proportion of protein down to the optimum levels for good growth and feed conversion. In another study, prebiotics resulted in good growth of fish using a manufactured prebiotic supplement. Ideally, we want food material available all year, inexpensive and not be in competition with food material for human consumption. In this study, food formulation with prebiotics made from local products were prepared for fish food. In this study sago was the source of carbohydrates, mackerel and land snails were the source of protein. The formulation was fed to humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis to study the effectiveness on its growth. Ninety humpback groupers (size 9-9.5 cm, weight 10 – 11 g) were reared in 3 fiberglass tanks for four weeks. Each tank had 30 fish, first tank as control without sago and the two tanks with sago in dietary prebiotic pellet. Length and weight gain were recorded every week then growth performance of fish were assessed in the form of Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), weight gain daily and length-weight relationship. Food proximate test were carried out separately in the Integrated Chemistry Laboratory, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Data analysis showed a significant difference in the growth performance of humpback grouper through the values of SGR, FCR and average growth daily, between treatment A and B (with sago) and treatment C (control, zero sago). The proximate test displayed lower protein in treatment A (57.95%) and B (55.95%) but higher in treatment C (59.37%), in the contrary to carbohydrate for treatment A (27.80%), treatment B (26%) and treatment C (22.98%).

Laju Pertumbuhan Ikan Kerapu Bebek Cromileptes altivelis yang Dipelihara dalam Keramba Jaring Apung

<strong>Growth Rate of Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis Cultured in Floating Net Cages.</strong> Humpback Grouper <em>Cromileptes altivelis</em> fish farming has good opportunities in the future, although still experiencing problems in its cultivation. One of the parameters that needs to be considered is the stocking density associated with the cage area. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate stocking density to generate optimum growth of Humpback Grouper cultivated in floating net cages. The study was conducted using the experimental method with 3 treatments and 3 replications. There were 9 cages used with the size of 1 x 1 x 1.5 m3 and a mesh size of 0.5 inches. The study was conducted in the waters of Banda Neira, Maluku, with the condition of the waters during the experiment, such as salinity which ranged from 33.2 to 34.6‰, water temperature ranged from 25 to 31°C, pH ranged from 7 to7.5, current speed 0.32–3.97cm/s, and water clarity was 14.29 to 20 m. The feed was trash fish given twice a day, in the morning and afternoon as much as 10% of total body weight of fish. After 4 months of cultivation, the absolute growth was best demonstrated by the treatment with stocking density of 25 fish/cage, which was 18.22 g, while the lowest (13.25 g) was shown by the treatment with stocking density of 75 fish/cage. The specific growth rate in the treatment of 25 fish/cage reached 1.34%/day, while the treatment of 50 fish/cage and 75 fish/cage reached 1.18%/day and 0.97%/day respectively.<br /><br /><br />

Evaluation of Smoked Skipjack Processing Byproduct Meal as an Alternative Feed Ingredient for Juvenile Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis

This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of smoked skipjack processing byproduct meal (SPBM) to reduce the use of fish meal (FM) for juvenile humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis. This study consisted of digestibility test of SPBM and biological test to observe growth performance. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets were used: Diet A contains 0% SPBM as a control diet, and diets B, C, D, and E contain 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SPBM protein to substitute FM, respectively. Digestibility trial was performed for 14 days by adding Cr2O3 into the experimental diets and collecting fecal matter 40–60 minutes after each feeding. For growth trial, juvenile humpback grouper were kept in glass aquariums and fed by the experimental diet until apparent satiation for 60 days. Our result shows that the dry matter and protein SPBM apparent digestibility coefficient is lower compared to FM. The fish that was fed with diet B and C performed a comparable specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein retention compared to control (p > 0.05). However, lower specific growth rate, feeding efficiency, and protein retention were observed in fish that was fed with diet D (75% SPBM) and diet E (100% SPBM; p < 0.05). These results indicate that up to 50% of smoked SPBM can be used for the diet of humpback grouper.

THE EFFECTS OF CRUDE RECOMBINANT VIRAL PROTEIN VACCINES AGAINST GROUPER SLEEPY DISEASE IRIDOVIRUS (GSDIV) ON HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis)

Infection of Megalocytivirus cause serious mass mortality in marine fish in South East Asian countries. The aim of this study was to produce recombinant of GSDIV capsid protein and its protection to humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis against grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV). A major capsid protein (MCP) was selected for use as a crude subunit vaccines. This gene target (MCP) was inserted to the protein expression system vector of pET SUMO and cloned in cells bacteria Escherichia coli strain BL-21. The MCP was succeded to be induced using 1 mM of IPTG. Results of protein analysis using MALDI TOF-TOF indicated that the MCP has measurement of 49.566 kDa with PI index of 6.00, and contained 453 amino acids. BLAST homology analysis exhibited that the amino acid sequence of the MCP showed high similarity with MCP of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV). E. coli expressing MCP protein was inactivated using 0.03% formalin overnight and washed using PBS. The inactivated E. coli as a crude subunit vaccine was then injected intramuscularly to humpback grouper juveniles. Subsequently, the juveniles were challenged tested with GSDIV. The juveniles vaccinated with the MCP recombinant bacteria showed significantly higher survival rates than control those vaccinated with PBS. Thus, the MCP fusion protein is considered as a potential vaccine against GSDIV infections in grouper.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis

The complete mitochondrial genome (16,497 bp) of the humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis is first presented in this study. The gene arrangement and translate orientation of C. altivelis is identical to most vertebrates, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a putative control region. The overall nucleotide composition of the H-strand is 29.80% A, 26.23% T, 15.67% G and 29.02% C. The origin of the light-strand replication was identified between the tRNA-Asn and tRNA-Cys genes, while the termination associated sequence (TAS) and conserved sequence blocks (CSB1-3) were identified in the control region.

Phylogeography and Genetic Diversity of Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis based on Cytochrome C Oxidase I

Humpback grouper is one of the most popular fish group in the international live trade in Asia-Pacific regions. The price for one kilogramlive of humpback grouper, especially in Spermonde Archipelago South of Sulawesi, is range from 350.000-400.000 IDR, whereas in theretail level in Hong Kong the price was about 92 US$. This condition leads to the reduction of nature population due to overexploitation.Population decreasing due to overexploitation may cause loss of genetic diversity within population and lead to reduce of potentialadaptive, population resistance, and productivity. Therefore, it is important to do some efforts to avoid adverse effect of overexploitationon humpback grouper population in Indonesia. One of the valuable efforts is providing genetic information such as phylogeography andgenetic diversity of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis. Analysis was based on 618 base pairs fragment of cytochrome c oxidase I genefrom 36 individuals (sequences) of Cromileptes altivelis collected at four different sites (e.g. Pulau Seribu, Jepara, Situbondo and SpermondeArchipelago). The results showed that humpback grouper population has a high haplotype and nucleotide diversity. However, high geneticdiversity and polymorphisms could not reveal population fragmentation (Φ stt = 0.000). It is suggested that high gene flow rather thanpopulation sub structuring was occurred. High level genetic diversity and polymorphisms are vital related to adaptive potential toenvironmental alteration.

DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF ENLARGED CELLS DERIVED FROM GROUPER SLEEPY DISEASE IRIDOVIRUS (GSDIV) INFECTED HUMPBACK GROUPER Cromileptes altivelis

Characteristic of Megalocytivirus infection has been known to produce formation of inclusion body bearing cells (IBCs) on internals organs of fish predominantly on spleen and kidney. Megalocytivirus that infected grouper is known as Grouper Sleepy Disease Iridovirus (GSDIV). This study was conducted to answer the effect of entry sites of GSDIV on distribution of enlarged cells formed on the internal organs of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis. Enlarged cells were observed histologically under the light microscope on spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney, liver, gill, heart, stomach, intestine, muscle and brain. Entry sites were designated to intramuscularly injection, intraperitoneally injection, dipped gill and inoculum added feed. Enlarged cells were formed on spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney, liver, gill, heart, stomach, muscle, except on intestine and brain. All the entry sites resulted in formation of enlarged cells on spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney, liver, heart. Spleen and head kidney were the most frequent observed organ. These results suggested that distribution of enlarged cells were not affected by the entry site of GSDIV.

The Function of Receptor Protein Humpback Grouper Cromileptes Altivelis in Expression and Proliferation of CD4 and CD8 cells in Defence Immunity of Viral Nervous Necrotic Infection

The Function of Receptor Protein Humpback Grouper Cromileptes Altivelis in Expression and Proliferation of CD4 and CD8 cells in Defence Immunity of Viral Nervous Necrotic Infection

Age-based demography of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis: implications for fisheries management and conservation

ESR Endangered Species Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials ESR 9:67-79 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00237 Age-based demography of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis: implications for fisheries management and conservation Ashley J. Williams1,7,*, Campbell R. Davies2, Bruce D. Mapstone3, Leanne M. Currey1, David J. Welch1,4, Gavin A. Begg5, Aaron C. Ballagh1, J. Howard Choat6, Cameron D. Murchie1, Colin A. Simpfendorfer1 1Fishing and Fisheries Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia 2CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart,Tasmania 7001, Australia 3Centre for Australian Weather & Climate Research, a partnership between CSIRO and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia 4Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, PO Box 1085, Oonoonba, Queensland 4811, Australia 5Bureau of Rural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, GPO Box 858, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 6School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Queensland 4811, Australia 7Present address: Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia *Email: ashleyw@spc.int ABSTRACT: The humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of concerns about unsustainable levels of harvest. Quantitative estimates of life history parameters are scarce, limiting formal assessment of long-term harvest rates and conservation risk and the design of robust management measures. We provide the first estimates of age-based population parameters for C. altivelis, using samples from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Torres Strait, Australia. Population parameters did not differ significantly between regions. The maximum observed age was 19 yr, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were K = 0.30 yr–1, L∞ = 597 mm, and total mortality rate, estimated from an age-based catch curve, was 0.26 yr–1. Preliminary estimates of natural mortality for the GBR, based on samples from reefs closed to fishing, were 0.23 yr–1 (Hoenig regression) and 0.26 yr–1 (catch curve), suggesting recent fishing mortality was low. C. altivelis was found to be a protogynous hermaphrodite with 50% of individuals being male at length 547 mm and age 9.6 yr. Peak spawning was between October and January. These results contrast with previous perceptions of life history traits of this species and suggest that C. altivelis may not be as vulnerable to managed fishing pressure as previously thought. Notwithstanding this, there remains considerable uncertainty in unfished abundance and average recruitment levels for C. altivelis populations. We consider a combination of management strategies including size limits, effort controls and no-take areas that are likely to be most effective in minimising the conservation risk for C. altivelis populations and provide sustainable yields across the species’ range. KEY WORDS: Humpback grouper · Cromileptes altivelis · Conservation · Fisheries management · Age-based demography · Great Barrier Reef · Torres Strait · Coral reef Full text in pdf format PreviousCite this article as: Williams AJ, Davies CR, Mapstone BD, Currey LM and others (2009) Age-based demography of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis: implications for fisheries management and conservation. Endang Species Res 9:67-79. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00237 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in ESR Vol. 9, No. 1. Online publication date: December 07, 2009 Print ISSN: 1863-5407; Online ISSN: 1613-4796 Copyright © 2009 Inter-Research.

Histopathological and ultrastructural features of enlarged cells of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis challenged with Megalocytivirus (family Iridoviridae) after vaccination

The genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae encompasses isolates of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV). In the present study, humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis juveniles were challenged with GSDIV after vaccination with a commercial RSIV vaccine. The unvaccinated group (in duplicate) showed higher mortalities (59.3 to 66.7%) than the vaccination group (0% mortalitiy, in duplicate). Surviving fish in the vaccinated group displayed masses of enlarged cells in the spleen. Electron microscopy revealed that they contained hemosiderin granules within the cytoplasm. In contrast, moribund fish from the unvaccinated group exhibited large numbers of inclusion body-bearing cells (IBCs) in the spleen, while surviving fish displayed masses of enlarged cells in which a small number of GSDIV virions were assembled.

Compensatory Growth and Feed Utilization of Humpback Grouper, Cromileptes altivelis Receiving Preset Period of Unfed-Fed Cycle

The effect of preset periods of unfed-fed cycle on growth, feed efficiency and body condition indices of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis was studied. The fish receiving non-feeding/feeding cycle of 1/2 day (T1); 1/2 and 3 days alternately (T2); 1/3 day (T3); were compared to that fed daily as a control (C). Each feeding treatment was assigned to five fiberglass tanks according to a completely randomized design. All fish was weighed to obtain final weight gain at the end of the experiment. Feeding rate (FR) was calculated during feeding period throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment all fish was weighed to obtain final fish weight. Absolute growth rate (AGR); survival; consumption; cumulative feed consumption, and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were calculated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test (P<0.05). The results showed that humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis receiving preset unfed-fed cycle elicited compensatory growth and the fish showed hyperphagia and greater feed conversion efficiency.

Optimum dietary protein and lipid specifications for grow-out of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes)

Optimum dietary protein and lipid specifications for grow-out of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes)