Humor Styles Questionnaire Research Articles

From four to nine styles: An update on individual differences in humor

Investigating individual differences in humor has become a popular topic for personality research. Three approaches to humor-related styles were proposed in the literature, namely Craik, Lampert, and Nelson's (1996) five bipolar styles of humorous conduct, Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, and Weir's (2003) four humor styles, and Ruch, Heintz, Platt, Wagner, and Proyer (2018) eight comic styles. The present study aims to determine how many styles can be empirically distinguished by comparing the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin et al., 2003) and the Comic Style Markers (Ruch, Heintz et al., 2018) in a sample of 570 German-speaking adults. The findings showed redundancies among three scales, namely the affiliative, self-enhancing, and aggressive humor styles and the comic styles fun, benevolent humor, and sarcasm. One humor style (self-defeating) and five comic styles (nonsense, wit, irony, satire, and cynicism) were distinguishable between the two measures. Thus, these findings suggest that at least nine styles should be distinguished. Eventually, developing a comprehensive model and valid measures of individual differences in humor in cumulative research programs is needed to understand how humor unfolds in our everyday lives and how it can be applied effectively in interventions.

The relationship between the dominant humor style, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving skills in trainee teachers in Turkey

AbstractWe investigated the relation between humor styles used by 1456 volunteer trainee teachers and their emotional intelligence and problem-solving skills. The participants completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HQS), Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Test (R-SSEIT) and Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI). The highest-scoring HQS subscale for each participant was taken as the index HQS subscale and the two adaptive HQS subscale (affiliative and self-enhancing) scores and two maladaptive HQS subscale (aggressive and self-defeating) scores were added together in order to calculate each participant’s preferred total adaptive and maladaptive reflective humor style scores. Based on this score, every participant was identified as a maladaptive or adaptive reflective humor user. Women had better PSI and R-SSEIT scores compared to men (p<0.001). The highest index HQS subscales were aggressive humor (234, 36.6%) for men and affiliative humor (334, 40.9%) for women participants. Five hundred fifty women (67.4%) and 264 men (32.4%) were identified as adaptive humor dominant (x2=49.757, p<0.001). Adaptive humor styles (affiliative r=0.293, and self-enhancing r=0.263) were positively correlated with EI, while there was a negative relation between maladaptive humor styles (aggressive r=−0.294, and self-defeating r=−0.273) and EI. Affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor were positively correlated with problem-solving skills whereas aggressive humor and self-defeating humor were negatively correlated with problem-solving skills. The adaptive humor styles (affiliative r=−0.429, and self-enhancing r=−0.365) were negatively correlated with PSI, and positively correlated with maladaptive humor styles (aggressive r=0.426, and self-defeating r=0.323). At linear regression analysis, it was confirmed that humor styles were in correlation with EI and PSI. At binary logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR=1.9), and possessing higher levels of problem-solving skills (OR=1.058) and EI (OR=1.011) were identified as independent factors for using adaptive dominant humor styles.

The Happiness, Hardiness, and Humor Styles of Students with a Bachelor's Degree in Sport Sciences.

Happiness, psychological hardiness, and humor (“the 3Hs”) are useful ways of assessing resilience to stress in positive psychology. The literature analyzing their confluence regarding sports is scarce. This study aims to analyze the participants’ 3H levels and the relationships between those levels and specific variables. The Psychological Hardiness Scale (Psikolojik Dayaniklilik Olcegi, PDO), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF), and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) were used. Students in pedagogical formation training during the 2016–2017 fall semester have participated in the study (N = 211). Significant differences were found regarding the levels of psychological hardiness in relation to gender, type of sport, and years of participation, and, in humor types regarding the variables of gender, age, residence and perceived income. There were significant differences in all instruments regarding gender. Negative relationships were found between the “aggressive humor” and “challenge” and “self-commitment” sub-dimensions of PDO, while the relationships were positive between “self-enhancing humor” and PDO and OHQ-SF, and between “affiliative humor” style and PDO and OHQ-SF. This study enhances the positive socio-psychological account in the literature by incorporating the issues of 3H and provides an understanding of particularities that may help improve the practice of relevant experts and individuals.

The relationship of sensation seeking and social desirability with humor styles among Iranian salespersons

Given the different effects of adaptive and maladaptive humor on social interactions especially on workplaces, contradictory findings of sensation seeking for forming new relationships, and salespersons' tendency for being demanded and suitable for more sales, it is important to investigate how sensation seeking and social desirability along with background characteristics predict humor styles. The study sample included 150 Iranian salespersons selected through cluster sampling. The study had a correlation research design which drew on the three instruments of Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) and Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ). The regression analysis findings showed that income level and gender were significant predictors of the humor style of affiliative. Additionally, only sensation seeking was found to be a significant predictor of self-enhancing. The humor style of aggressive was predicted by education level, gender, and social desirability. The humor style of self-defeating was also predicted by job experience, education level, gender and social desirability. It seems that personality traits such as sensation seeking along with social status can predict humor styles.

The Effect Of The Perceptıon Of Employees About Theır Managers’ Humor Styles On Job Satısfactıon

Effective management of human, which is the most important resource of organizations, leads to increasing overall performance of the organizations and thus, gaining competitive advantage. In this sense, watching employees’ desires and needs, in order not to unstabilize their job-life balance, which increases their job satisfaction, is one of the most crucial topics that needs to be paid attention by organizations so as to be powerful and eternal. Furthermore, adopting and using positive and negative humor styles in organizations, along with the perception of employees about their managers’ humor styles, has recently drew attention and been researched in literature. Positive humor styles are thought to increase employees’ job satisfaction, while negative humor styles are believed as having a decreasing effect on employees’ job satisfaction. In this research, the perceptions of employees about their managers’ humor styles and its effect on their job satisfaction is researched. In the frame of the research, local and foreign organizations, performing in production and service sector in the city of Bursa, Turkey, are evaluated as population. In this sense, a comparison is made between two sectors in terms of analyses results. In terms of measurement, Martin and Puhlik-Doris (2003)’s Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and Weiss et.al. (1967)’s Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire are used.

Poczucie humoru oraz pozytywna orientacja na siebie i świat w kontekście osobowościowych różnic indywidualnych

ABSTRAKTWstęp: W pracy opisano zależności zachodzące pomiędzy względnie stałymi cechami osobowości a stylami poczucia humoru oraz siłą pozytywnej orientacji na siebie i świat. Dobry humor i pozytywne nastawienie uznawane są za czynniki zdrowia, które wspomagają utrzymanie dobrostanu psychofizycznego i pośredniczą w procesie leczenia zarówno zaburzeń psychicznych, jak i chorób fizycznych.Celem pracy było wyodrębnienie dyspozycji osobowościowych, które wiążą się z konstruktywnym humorem i pozytywną orientacją na siebie i świat.Materiały i metody: Badaniem kwestionariuszowym objęto grupę 68 studentów szczecińskich uczelni wyższych (66% kobiet, 34% mężczyzn) w wieku 20–49 lat (M = 24,5; SD = 6,4). Wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Osobowości EPQ-R, Kwestionariusz Stylów Humoru HSQ oraz Skalę Orientacji Pozytywnej.Wyniki: Wykazano korzystne znaczenie ekstrawersji (związanej z humorem ogólnym i agresywnym) oraz obniżonej potrzeby aprobaty społecznej (związanej z humorem afiliacyjnym). Niekorzystne związki zachodziły w odniesieniu do cechy neurotyzmu, co wiązało się z wysokim humorem masochistycznym, niskim humorem w służbie ego oraz niższą orientacją pozytywną, a także cechy psychotyzmu, wzmagającej agresywny styl żartu.Wnioski: Z punktu widzenia pozytywnego nastawienia do siebie i innych korzystny wydaje się profil osobowości otwartej na ludzi i świat zdarzeń zewnętrznych, a przy tym emocjonalnie zrównoważonej, z przewagą uczuć pozytywnych i o łagodnym usposobieniu.

"A joke a day keeps the doctor away?" Meta-analytical evidence of differential associations of habitual humor styles with mental health.

Humor and mental health are interconnected as is evidenced by a large number of studies. However, associations are only small and inconsistent as the operationalization of humor poses a methodological challenge. The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) differentiates four humor styles that might be beneficial or harmful to mental health. The aim of the present study was to meta-analytically aggregate studies using the HSQ to assess the associations of different humor styles with four areas of mental health (self-esteem, life satisfaction, optimism, depression). An extensive electronic database literature search identified 37 studies that reported correlations between the HSQ scales and the four areas of mental health in 45 independent samples (total N = 12,734). In total, 16 meta-analyses were conducted. Moderating effects of participant age, sex, and geographic region were examined via subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Humor styles differed in terms of their associations with mental health. Health-promoting humor styles were overall positively correlated with mental health (small-to-medium effect sizes). Self-defeating humor was overall negatively correlated with mental health. Aggressive humor was overall unrelated with mental health. Moderator analyses suggested geographic differences (Eastern vs. Western samples) and sex differences for some of these associations. Fostering specific humor styles may be beneficial for mental health. In addition, observing the habitual use of humor styles might help therapists to develop a better understanding of their clients. Differences in the utilization and the correlates of humor styles in Eastern and Western societies, and sex differences, need to be addressed in future research.

Styles of humor and social skills in students. Gender differences

Styles of humor and social skills could significantly determine a person’s functioning. This study aimed to analyze whether styles of humor and social skills correlate, and also the relation that links these variables according to gender. We employed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the Social Skills Scale (EHS, in Spanish) to assess 643 participants. The results showed that males used styles of humor (Affiliative, Self-enhancing, Aggressive and Self-defeating) more than females. We found gender differences for social skills only in the factors Expression of disapproval (higher scores for females) and Say no and interrupt interactions (higher scores for males). The data indicate correlations among the factors styles of humor and social skills, but not in them all. When we formed groups that allowed the classification of participants according to styles of humor and social skills, females showed a more even distribution, while three of every four males obtained high levels for styles of humor (except for Self-defeating humor) and social skills (except for Making requests). The model created with styles of humor and social skills indicated an optimum fit: χ2(25) = 56.921 p < 0.001; χ2/gl =2.27; CFI = 0.97; NFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.044, 95%CI (0.029–0.060), with minor gender differences in the relation between styles of humor and social skills. In conclusion, this research shows how males scored higher than females for all four humor styles and dimensions, and not only for negative humor styles as in previous research works. We found that gender differences for social skills revealed only two factors, which may be related to the use of negative humor styles (Expression of disapproval and Say no and interrupt interactions). Finally, one in every three males and two in every three females had problems in some, or several, sections to manage styles of humor and social skills. Hence we should work on this matter in classrooms. Further research on the interpersonal context of humor and the role of gender in humor styles and social skills is warranted.

Relationship between the Use of Humor Styles and Innovative Behavior of Executives in a Real Estate Company

The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between humor styles and innovative behavior of Thai executives in a chosen real estate company. Modified versions of Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ) and Innovative Work Behavior Scale (IWB) were used as the instruments for data collection. Participants were collected from fifty-two executives in all hierarchical levels in a real estate company listed in Stock Exchange of Thailand. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that humor styles of Thai executives in a selected real estate company explained 29% of variance (R2 = .285, F (4, 52) = 4.687, p <.01). The results indicated that affiliative humor style had a significantly positive effect on innovative behavior (? = .438, p <.01). In addition, this present study found the significantly negative effect of aggressive humor style on innovative behavior of executives (? = -.393, p <.01). Discussion and recommendations for future studies were also discussed.

Preferred Styles of Humor across Professions in the Indian Context

Research has shown different uses for different styles of humor for various workplace environments. The present study focused on different styles of humor preferred in different professions as well as gender differences in styles of humor. The psychometric properties of the Humor Styles Questionnaire were also established in the Indian context. A sample of 210 participants (105 males & 105 females) from a range of 7 professions, chartered accountants, computer science engineers, doctors, educators, lawyers, nurses and police officers, filled the Humor Styles Questionnaire. The results reported that males use aggressive humor more than females, whereas females use self-defeating humor more than males. It was also observed that nurses had a high preference for affiliative humor and a very low preference for aggressive humor; doctors and police officers reported a high preference for self-enhancing humor; police officers had the highest preference for aggressive humor; and chartered accountants reported a high preference for self-defeating humor Police officers reported the highest total score on the questionnaire, whereas lawyers reported the lowest score. The reliability of the four components of the questionnaire was found to be high. Factor analysis reported four components with Eigen values higher than 2.

YÖNETİCİLERİN KULLANDIĞI MİZAH TARZININ ARAŞTIRILMASI VE MİZAH KULLANIMININ ÖRGÜT ÜZERİNDEKİ NEGATİF VE POZİTİF ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DE ÖRNEK BİR ÇALIŞMA

When is used correctly by the leader, it positively affects employees; its misuse has a negative effect. Theory was developed for the purpose of bringing a perspective of laughing action into the management literature. Humor with sociological, psychological, recreational and communication functions, are an important administrative argument for the accomplishment of important tasks in organizations. According to the literature, used correctly and on time creates trust, provides a fast way to reach audiences about the desired subject, has significance for softening of the environment before talking about important issues, and helps leaders by offering topics to keep in mind. Researchers have focused on the use of as an effective tool in leader-employee communication. To identify negative and positive effects of such communication, “Humor Styles Questionnaire” developed by Martin et.al. (2003) that includes 32 subjects has been applied on managers (top-middle-lower) working in a factory operating in Manisa Province. Four primary determinants of this scale, which are divided into two as compatible and incompatible senses of are; self-enhancing humor, affiliative humor, selfdefeating and aggressive reveals different results in various researches. When general results are examined it has been found that used by leaders creates a negative or positive environment within the business climate. As a result, is important because it acts as a conductor to solving life's problems and even more in reaching secrets, interpreting world issues from different perspectives, learning from one's past and as an indicator of critical thinking. When viewed from this aspect, results of the research conducted on business operating electronic sector clarifies that, not only how a style, used by managers in an enterprise will affect organizational climate, but also if an administrator develops his humor ability”, what advantages does he have overall in the organization’s tasks.

Experimentally Manipulating Items Informs on the (Limited) Construct and Criterion Validity of the Humor Styles Questionnaire.

How strongly does humor (i.e., the construct-relevant content) in the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ; Martin et al., 2003) determine the responses to this measure (i.e., construct validity)? Also, how much does humor influence the relationships of the four HSQ scales, namely affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating, with personality traits and subjective well-being (i.e., criterion validity)? The present paper answers these two questions by experimentally manipulating the 32 items of the HSQ to only (or mostly) contain humor (i.e., construct-relevant content) or to substitute the humor content with non-humorous alternatives (i.e., only assessing construct-irrelevant context). Study 1 (N = 187) showed that the HSQ affiliative scale was mainly determined by humor, self-enhancing and aggressive were determined by both humor and non-humorous context, and self-defeating was primarily determined by the context. This suggests that humor is not the primary source of the variance in three of the HQS scales, thereby limiting their construct validity. Study 2 (N = 261) showed that the relationships of the HSQ scales to the Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) were consistently reduced (personality) or vanished (subjective well-being) when the non-humorous contexts in the HSQ items were controlled for. For the HSQ self-defeating scale, the pattern of relationships to personality was also altered, supporting an positive rather than a negative view of the humor in this humor style. The present findings thus call for a reevaluation of the role that humor plays in the HSQ (construct validity) and in the relationships to personality and well-being (criterion validity).

Style humoru wychowanków i wychowawców a klimat społeczny placówek resocjalizacyjnych dla nieletnich

Autorka prezentuje wyniki badań empirycznych, których celem było zdiagnozowanie klimatu społecznego instytucji resocjalizacyjnych dla nieletnich oraz opisanie stylów humoru prezentowanych przez wychowawców i wychowanków tych placówek, a także ustalenie wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy tymi zmiennymi. Badaniami kwestionariuszowymi (z wykorzystaniem Skali Klimatu Społecznego i Kwestionariusza Stylów Humoru) objęto grupę 162 wychowanków oraz 52 wychowawców z czterech Młodzieżowych Ośrodków Wychowawczych. Przeprowadzone badania ujawniły, że klimat społeczny tych placówek jest najbardziej zbliżony do typu „opiekuńczo-wychowawczego”, a w funkcjonowaniu intrapsychicznym i interpersonalnym, zarówno wychowawców, jak i wychowanków, adaptacyjne style humoru przeważają nad stylami nieprzystosowawczymi. Ponadto ustalono, że to wychowankowie, za sprawą prezentowanych stylów humoru, wydają się mieć większy wpływ na kreowanie klimatu społecznego placówek, w których przebywają, niż personel resocjalizacyjny. Analiza uzyskanych wyników w kontekście koncepcji resilience zachęca do traktowania humoru w kategoriach „płaszczyzny oporu” umożliwiającej młodzieży niedostosowanej społecznie „odbicie się od dna”.

How Humor Styles Affect Self-Compassion and Life Satisfaction: A Study in Hong Kong

This study examined the effects of humor styles on self-compassion and life satisfaction. Two hundred and seventy-seven adults in Hong Kong completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS). Results showed that self-compassion and life satisfaction were positive predicted by self-enhancing humor but were negatively predicted by self-defeating humor. Self-enhancing humor style partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction. Affiliate humor and aggressive humor did not show any significant effect on either self-compassion or life satisfaction. These findings demonstrate how different humor styles affected self-compassion on life satisfaction and provided directions for future studies on humor.

Estilos de humor en universitarias dominicanas

A la luz de las implicaciones de la psicología positiva, recientemente se ha dedicado atención al estudio del humor y su relación con la salud destacando sus beneficios para las personas. Esta conceptualización como “humor terapéutico” ha promovido investigaciones (Cann y Etzel, 2008; Capps, 2006; Erickson y Feldstein, 2007; Kuiper, Martin y Olinger, 1993; Martin et al., 2003; Vilaythong, Aranu, Rosen y Mascaro, 2003) que han derivado en la elaboración de diferentes escalas del humor, determinando que existen diferentes estilos del mismo. Algunos estilos de humor tienen claras raíces en la historia y cultura dominicana como es discutido en este trabajo. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar los diferentes estilos de humor, su relación con la edad, con la felicidad subjetiva y con la depresión en una muestra de 145 universitarias dominicanas. Se utilizan instrumentos como el Cuestionario de Estilos de Humor (HSQ) (Martin et al., 2003), la Escala de Depresión del Centro para Estudios Epidemiológicos (Kohout, Berkman, Evans y Cornoni-Huntley, 1993) y la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (Lyubomirsky y Lepper, 1999). Los resultados muestran diferencias entre los diversos estilos de humor con excepción del humor agresivo y de descalificación que resultan semejantes en su intensidad de manifestación: el humor de mejora personal es el menos prevalente, seguido del afiliativo y ambos son significativamente menores en promedio que el resto, los nocivos. Las jóvenes dominicanas, arrojan al igual que poblaciones descritas en literaturas como la española, un perfil con predominanciade humor agresivo y de descalificación sobre el uso del humor afiliativo y de mejora personal. Se observa un comportamiento diferencial con la depresión del humor agresivo y el descalificativo: solo el segundo es significativo, y tiene signo negativo. Los cuatro estilos de humor se muestran independientes de la edad.

Chinese translation and psychometric testing of the Humour Styles Questionnaire Children Version (C-HSQC) among Hong Kong Chinese primary-school students

In the current study, the Humour Styles Questionnaire Children Version (HSQC) was translated into Chinese. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Humour Styles Questionnaire Children version (C-HSQC) were examined. The C-HSQC and psychological measures on humour, self-esteem, depression, and coping behaviors were administered to a sample of 361 primary-five and -six students in Hong Kong. Confirmatory factor analyses, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were assessed to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. The results indicated a moderately strong fit of the model of the hypothesized four-factor structure of two adaptive (i.e., affiliative and self-enhancing) and two maladaptive (i.e., aggressive and self-defeating) humour styles. Results provided good support for the use of the C-HSQC in measuring humour of Hong Kong children.

HUMOR STYLES IN SOCIALLY MALADJUSTED GIRLS AND BOYS: A RESILIENCE PERSPECTIVE

Resilience-concept-driven research of humor in socially maladjusted youth has been prompted by an urgent need to redefine Poland’s crisis-ridden rehabilitation system, through embracing rehabilitative theories and practices inspired by new frameworks and related modern intervention models. The paper presents a research project aimed at encouraging rehabilitation researchers, theoreticians, and practitioners to engage with humor as a “site of resistance” that offers juveniles a springboard to achieve expected levels of social adjustment. The study aims to identify and compare humor styles in socially maladjusted girls (n1 = 56)and boys (n2 = 72). The research problem included the level (intensity) and gender-related differences in particular humor types (styles) across the juvenile sample. The research tool involved an adaption of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). The findings suggest a greater intensity of adaptive rather than non-adaptive humor styles in both studied subsets of the sample. Furthermore, a statistically significant gender-related difference was found for self-defeating humor, with significantly higher scores in girls than in boys (p &lt; 0.05). Although the findings do not confirm the research hypotheses conclusively, they shed light on the viability of using humor in juvenile rehabilitation and thus, encourage further systematic research in this area.

Effectiveness of humor training among adolescents with autism.

Humor training has been applied to educational and clinical cases and has been found to be effective, but humor training for individuals with autism is relatively rare. The present study proposed a humor-knowledge and humor-skill training workshop to enhance the humor comprehension and appreciation of individuals with autism and examined the effects of the training. Participants were 20 adolescents with autism and average intelligence (above 70 in WAIS-III). They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both questionnaire of joke comprehension and appreciation and a humor style questionnaire were used as instruments. The results supported the effectiveness of the 15-h training. The comprehension and appreciation of nonsense humor were significantly increased in the experimental group in comparison with the control group, although the incongruity-resolution jokes remained difficult to comprehend. The tendency to use affiliative humor was greater among individuals with autism in the experimental group, suggesting that the appreciation of humor can be learned.

How Do Emotional Restrictions Affect the Use of Humor? A Behavior Genetic Analysis of Alexithymia and Humor Styles

This article reports the first behavioral genetic study of relationships between alexithymia and four styles of humor: affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, and aggressive. A total of 509 MZ pairs and 264 DZ pairs of twins completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). Consistent with our predictions, alexithymia correlated negatively with affiliative and self-enhancing humor and positively with self-defeating and aggressive humor. All but one of the 16 phenotypic correlations that we report are significant at the 0.01 level. Also consistent with our predictions, the phenotypic correlations between alexithymia and humor styles were primarily attributable to correlated genetic factors and to a lesser extent to correlated non-shared environmental factors. Correlated shared environmental factors had no significant effect. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

The German Version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Overlap With Other Styles of Humor.

The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ; Martin et al., 2003) is one of the most frequently used questionnaires in humor research and has been adapted to several languages. The HSQ measures four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating), which should be adaptive or potentially maladaptive to psychosocial well-being. The present study analyzes the internal consistency, factorial validity, and factorial invariance of the HSQ on the basis of several German-speaking samples combined (total N = 1,101). Separate analyses were conducted for gender (male/female), age groups (16–24, 25–35, >36 years old), and countries (Germany/Switzerland). Internal consistencies were good for the overall sample and the demographic subgroups (.80–.89), with lower values obtained for the aggressive scale (.66–.73). Principal components and confirmatory factor analyses mostly supported the four-factor structure of the HSQ. Weak factorial invariance was found across gender and age groups, while strong factorial invariance was supported across countries. Two subsamples also provided self-ratings on ten styles of humorous conduct (n = 344) and of eight comic styles (n = 285). The four HSQ scales showed small to large correlations to the styles of humorous conduct (-.54 to .65) and small to medium correlations to the comic styles (-.27 to .42). The HSQ shared on average 27.5–35.0% of the variance with the styles of humorous conduct and 13.0–15.0% of the variance with the comic styles. Thus–despite similar labels–these styles of humorous conduct and comic styles differed from the HSQ humor styles.