Types Of Humor Research Articles

From I to we in humor research: a systematic review of the antecedents and consequences of humor in groups

Abstract While most of the literature has focused on the individual-level effects of humor, the number of studies addressing and analyzing humor in its social context as a group-level phenomenon has also started to increase. Yet there is still increased heterogeneity of results, as well as problems regarding conceptualization and measurement of humor in groups. To further our understanding of humor as an emergent multilevel construct, we conducted a systematic literature review on the antecedents and consequences of humor in groups. The findings indicate that factors such as group composition, interpersonal familiarity, task structure, trust, cohesion, positive team environment, communication norms, communication channels, and timing dynamics play important roles in the emergence and type of humor expressed within groups. The consequences of humor in groups include the emergence of cohesion, the delineation of group boundaries and identity formation, influence on group atmosphere and affective dynamics, facilitation of collective coping and team engagement, and potential effects on team performance. We discuss research progress and gaps, and conclude by outlining future research directions.

Femininity, Humor, and TV Comedies: The Wit of Fran Fine, Lorelai Gilmore, and Mrs. Maisel

Women and wit seem to belong together in contemporary TV comedies. But looking more closely at wit reveals that it has undergone a series of transformations in its cultural value as a type of humor, its moral implications, and its meaning. In this article, I bring these shifting, often contradictory, gendered meanings of humorous wit into conversation with the often conflicting representational strategies that have informed the construction of femininity in contemporary mainstream TV comedies, such as Fran Drescher’s The Nanny, and Amy Sherman-Palladino’s Gilmore Girls and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. In my readings of the shows’ central characters, I analyze how certain tropes, such as romance, motherhood, self-defense, or deflection reconcile the sharpness of female wit with traditional femininity.

No Laughing Matter: On the Importance of the Body in Plato’s Humour

To grasp the humour in the Platonic dialogues, it is useful to observe their use of the body. This article proposes leveraging knowledge from the art of dance, an embodied art par excellence, to explore how the body makes an audience laugh. Often considered in the past as an art dealing with serious or tragic subjects, dance, like philosophy, can have a lighter side. An analysis of how humour appears in dance is used as a heuristic device to uncover three ways humour is transmitted through bodily elements in Plato’s dialogues. The choreographers focused on – the Swede Alexander Ekman and the Czech Jiří Kylián – work with a type of elevated humour that is in fact close to that of Plato. In both cases, ballet and Platonic dialogues, humorous and serious elements can be present in the same work, as if to balance the conveyed message and make it more relatable to the audience.

The effect of self-related humor on convergent and divergent thinking

Humour enhances creativity, but the question is whether different types of humour have a similar effect on improving individual creativity. It is evident that negative humour style is negatively related to creativity, while positive humour style is positively related to it. However, no evidence has been found that self-related humour (self-enhancing and self-defeating humour) directly affects creative thinking in the experimental setting. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of self-related humour on convergent and divergent creative thinking. We included 60 (38 male, 22 female) participants and randomly assigned 20 in each condition to conduct this experiment. To evoke humour, we used 12 stimuli (12 self-enhancing jokes, 12 self-defeating jokes, and 12 non-humorous statements) in each condition. Remote Association Task (RAT) was used to measure convergent thinking, and Alternative Uses Task (AUT) was used to measure divergent thinking. We expected that i) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at convergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group and ii) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at divergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group. Our results supported our hypotheses and suggested that self-enhancing humour induced individual creativity both in convergent or divergent thinking (originality, fluency, flexibility). In contrast, self-defeating humour failed to affect either convergent or divergent thinking.

Subtitling Strategies and Acceptability of Humour in “Modern Family” Season 6 (2014)

This research aims to analyse the types of verbal humour, the subtitling strategies, and its acceptability in Modern Family Season 6. The research is conducted by using the theory of verbal humour translation by Raphaelson-West (1989), theory of subtitling strategies by Gottlieb (1992) and the theory of translation acceptability proposed by Nababan (2012). This research uses descriptive qualitative method. In the process, this research utilizes a questionnaire with inputs from raters as a consideration in analysing the translation. The data are utterances containing verbal humour from Modern Family Season 6. The result shows the most frequent type is universal humour (45), followed by linguistic humour (19), and cultural humour (13). Furthermore, 8 out of 10 subtitling strategies are applied by the subtiler. The most dominant strategy is the paraphrase strategy (28), followed by transfer (15), expansion (11), condensation (10), deletion (6), imitation (4), transcription (2), and decimation (1). The acceptability level of the subtitle is acceptable in 69 data and less acceptable in 8 data. The object of the research proposes to serve humour in a usual relatable family interaction that is universal. However, the source language is English which has different grammatical, vocabulary, and syntactic rules than Indonesian. Thus, paraphrase strategy is the most frequently used to transfer the message naturally and appropriately to the target language rules without losing the humour. Hence, the subtitle of verbal humour in Modern Family Season 6 is natural and relevant to the Indonesian rules that conveys the meaning and preserve the humour aspects.

L1 어린이의 탐험 욕구와 L2 성인의 알고자 하는 욕구에 관한 언어 발달 비교 연구

The purpose of this paper is to observe how L2 adult learners get close to L1 children in their language development in terms of attachment, curiosity and mediation. Five high-intermediate English major college students were engaged and instructed to understand the concepts of attachment and mediation. After this, they were provided with seven types of English material, consisting of four different language-focused materials (dialogue, situation-based explanation, deep cultural words, and conventional words) and three different content-based materials (advice, humor, and impression). The participants were supposed to collect preferred language items in each type and write reasons spicking the items. They also reported their preference in order among the seven types of material. They were evaluated on whether their preferred language items would function as mediation or as a goal to learn English. The results showed that the humor type of language was the best to function as mediation, followed by the impression type. The dialogue type was the worst. However, the participants’ reports were the opposite. Most of them chose situationbased explanations as the best. The participants tended to show that content-based material was not appropriate for learning English. Mediation was not considered a key factor in learning a language.

Dark Humor and ‘Humor Talk’ in Algeria’s Hirak

: Since February 2019, observers and activists alike have commented on the outpouring of humorous expression that Algeria’s ongoing Hirak (‘movement’) for political change has fostered. The present work evaluates the significance of this humor by situating it within longer traditions of political humor in the country. It will likewise do so by noting how humor has changed in response to trauma and how a focus on ‘dark humor’ can illuminate such shifts. By accounting for both changes in talk surrounding humor and its content, what I call ‘humor talk,’ I argue that humor can become a symbol of moving past trauma while transitions between uses and types of humor (in the case of the Hirak, from lighter to ‘dark humor’) can testify to wider changes in political climate or the needs of the populations employing humor. This finding is an important one for Middle Eastern and North African Studies given increasing scholarly attention allotted to humor in uprisings following the 2010–2011 ‘Arab Spring’ and similar movements in the region.

Analisis Penggunaan Humor dalam Filem Werewolf

The paper entitled Analysis of Humour used in Werewolf. This research aimed to find out types, functions, and meaning of humour usage in the film. The method used was deductive method and technique of collecting data consisted of browsing internet, literary study and film. The result shows that both of the film used the types, function and meaning of humour. The difference lies on the number of each category. For the types of humor in the film Werewolf, there are 60% satire and 40% self-deprecation. In terms of the functions of humor used in film, namely to entertain listeners so they have positive energy, joke to help people who are experiencing mental health problems, and make people around them feel comfortable because people who like humor are friendly and welcoming. For the humorous meaning of every utterance and action carried out, namely using connotative and denotative meaning, in the Werewolf film it was found that 69% contained connotative meaning and 31% denotative.

A Case Study on the Use of Humorous Code-Switching in Harith Iskander’ Stand-Up Comedy Shows

Code-switching is a phenomenon where bilingual and multilingual speakers use two or more languages. Code-switching is a common situation in Malaysia due to the diversified cultural communities. However, little that we know how code-switching influences stand-up comedy shows. Hence, this paper explores the use of code-switching in stand-up comedy shows. Specifically, this paper explores the humorous code-switching that a comedian uses, the different linguistic types of code-switching used, and the conversational functions of code-switching. Data from this case study was collected by observing the stand-up comedy show from YouTube videos by one of the best Malaysian comedians, Harith Iskander. A total of ten YouTube videos were chosen where Harith used humorous code-switching to make the audience laugh. The data were analysed according to the objectives of this study The analysis revealed three types of humour that aligned with superiority theory: self-deprecating humour, disparaging others, and sarcasm. We found that ad-lib humour and funny comments aligned with the theory of incongruity. The analysis also revealed one humour that aligns with the relief theory. This study used Poplack’s (2008) three types of code-switching, namely tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching. Based on Gumperz's (1982), six conversational functions, four of which have been identified in Harith Iskander's stand-up comedy shows: quotation, reiteration, message qualification, and personification versus objectification. This also suggests that humorous code-switching is invaluable for stand-up comedians and the audience, particularly those who are bilingual or multilingual.

Students’ Perception of Using Humor in Teaching English Class at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang

There were several student problems that the writer found at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang. First, Some students agree on using humor in the classroom, but some students disagree on using humor in the classroom. Second, Some students said that using humor in teaching English is necessary to make the atmosphere pleasant. Using humor in teaching helped them to understand the material quickly and made them enjoy the learning. Last, Some students said that the use of humor in learning English is good as long as they don't laugh too much in class because it will take up a lot of time in the learning process and cause the learning process to be not optimal. So, some students do not understand the material. This research aims to determine students' perceptions of using humor in teaching English classes. The researcher wants to determine whether students' perceptions are positive or negative. The instrument of this research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive form. The population was the Eleventh Grade at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang in 2020/2021, with 75 students. The researcher used the total sampling technique because the population was less than 100 students. The result of this research was taken by taking the average score of 6 types of humor in learning English, namely learning Caricature Humor (78,07%), Short Stories/Anecdotes Humor (78,53%), Special Humor (74,13%), and Unplanned Humor, Performance, Pantomime, and Gestures (73,12%). It was found that male and female students have positive perceptions of humor in teaching English. Female students had slightly better perceptions than male students (75,74%>73,81%). Thus, the result of the research showed that students supported the use of humor in teaching English class.

Humor-Based Messaging in Testicular Cancer Awareness Campaigns: A Comparative Critical Review.

Extensive research showcases the extent and efficacy of humor-based messaging in general health promotion. However, the work describing humor's use within testicular cancer (TC) awareness is less developed. The aim of this comparative critical review was to determine the impact of using humor-based messaging in TC awareness campaigns to achieve a baseline assessment from which future research can be modeled. A literature search was conducted using seven databases to locate relevant literature. Three research questions guided this investigation: (1) To what extent has humor been used in TC awareness campaigns? (2) What does the literature reveal about the use of humor-based messaging on relevant health outcomes? (3) What are the limitations within current TC awareness strategies? Six studies were included in the review, of which three directly assessed the use of humor in TC awareness vis-à-vis intervention designs. Humor-based strategies were implemented to enhance knowledge of TC and testicular self-examination (TSE) procedures, reduce anxiety surrounding detection threat, and promote TSE. The rhetoric provided to men via various health interventions relied on humor and slang to promote TSE among males. Despite the small sample size of the included studies, this review determined that humor may be useful in reducing uncomfortable feelings surrounding TSE, increasing awareness of TC, and promoting TSE. When using humor-based messaging, however, the audience and type of humor implemented must be considered. Limited research exists assessing the long-term impact humor in TC promotion on health behavioral changes, easing anxieties related to detection, and increased self-efficacy surrounding TSE.

Toward a Cognitive-Pragmatic Account of Humorous Metaphor in Chinese Diplomatic Discourse

Despite the repeated call for humor research, few attempts have been made to address humorous metaphors in diplomatic discourse. This paper examined each type of strategic humor behind these metaphors in Chinese diplomatic discourse from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics. Blending theory, metaphorical mapping, and inferential structure between source and target domain were examined to construe the implicature behind humorous metaphors in digital diplomacy, press conferences, and presidential speeches. We found: (1) multimodal resources can add more value to metaphor inference in digital diplomacy, especially with blending theory; (2) many offensive metaphors of PATIENT, PERFORMANCE have been attributed to the US and its allies.

Swear Words Analysis in the Indonesia Version of the Miracle in Cell No. 7 Film

This research scrutinizes the types of swearing words in “Miracle in Cell No.7” Indonesian Movie. The researchers revisit the types of swear words theory from Andersson & Trudgill. It aims to reveal the types of swear words found in the film Miracle in Cell no.7 based on the theory applied. The research method used is interpretive qualitative with a sociolinguistic approach because the data used is in linguistic phenomena contained in the film. The main data which is most used is the phrases and swear words uttered by the main character in the film Miracle in Cell no. 7 Indonesia Movie. The data is collected using the Listening (watching) technique and recording (notetaking) the swear words in the film. The collected data is then analysed based on the theory adapted from Andersson & Trudgill. From the results of data analysis, there were found 3 (three) types of swear words. Among the four types of swear words; Abusive types, Expletive types and Humor types.

Humor type and service context shape AI service recovery

While artificial intelligence (AI) service failure is inevitable in tourism and hospitality, scholarly attention to it is limited. This study investigated how the type of humor (self-deprecating or self-enhancing) that AI agents adopt interacted with the service context (hedonic-dominant or utilitarian-dominant) in influencing customers' intentions to continue using AI devices. Findings indicate that in hedonic-dominant service contexts, self-deprecating and self-enhancing humor increase continuous usage intention; in utilitarian-dominant service contexts, only self-deprecating humor boosts continuous usage intention. Results also reveal the mediating roles of positive emotion and inferred negative motives along with the moderating effect of anthropomorphism. This study enriches theories on AI service recovery and offers tourism firms suggestions on how to use humor to resolve AI service failures.

PROMOTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND HUMOR - PERSPECTIVE OF POTENTIAL CONSUMERS

In today’s age, the average consumer is too exposed to marketing materials to pay attention to each one, and billboards can be an expensive investment for companies and can easily go unnoticed. The average consumer uses tools that would reduce his exposure to advertising materials, but the results of this research indicate that even though consumers are overexposed to advertisements, they still believe that humor on billboards is not present enough and that they would like to see it more precisely for the reason that research has shown that the use of humor is rated as likable by consumers. Starting from the basic definition that humor is a form of communication whose goal is to make the interlocutors laugh and cheer up, the aim of this paper was to investigate the opinion of different publics about humorous billboard advertising solutions and to determine the connection between the use of humor as a tool in billboard advertising, the intention to purchase the advertised product /services and raising awareness about the organization and the advertised product/service. The chosen research method is a survey, and it was conducted with an online survey questionnaire, which enabled the quick and easy collection of a larger number of respondents needed for the implementation of the research task. A wide and heterogeneous sample enabled an insight into the opinions of different members of the population, given that they are all exposed to the advertising (humorous) appeal that is the subject of this research. The obtained results indicated a positive effect of using humor in advertising through billboards, more precisely in increasing the visibility of the brand, i.e. the memory of the advertised product, as well as a generally positive opinion about the use of humor in advertising. Most of the respondents confirmed that humor is a good method of attracting their attention and that they like the humorous approach to advertising through billboards. What are the humor preferences of different groups of people, what is the correlation between humorous advertising and brand building, what type of humor attracts the most attention for a certain brand or economic niche, are just some of the possible research topics and directions. Considering the few and scarce literature in this area, the results of this and similar research can bring useful and practical guidelines to professionals in practice for more precise and effective management of advertising campaigns in the future, and to the scientific community a better understanding of the phenomenon of consumer thinking, i.e. a clearer insight into the connection messages and consumer behaviors of the product or service. This work was created as part of the research for the diploma thesis at the university graduate study of Communication Studies, student Ivona Marenić at the Catholic University of Croatia, 2023.

Humour as Survival Strategy in Walter Scott’s Waverley,

Humour will be shown to be present in a selection of novels by Walter Scott, as a strategy to temper hot spirits on the brink of violence and pre-empt conflict in the fictional societies. Despite the contagious effect spreading to the reader himself, this type of humour relies on paralogical hints, language inadequacy or language gaps, which the fictional audience as well as the reader has to fill in. In the process of solving the linguistic inaccuracies, the audience (both fictional and the reader) is forced to notice the deliberate violation of communication and look for meaning elsewhere. The distance between expected and discovered meaning is so great that a bout of laughter is the result, and fictional tensions are depleted of power. It is my claim that the humorous effect constantly brings the intuitive paralogic collapse of a logic which previously fostered conflict by coagulating opposing factions around powerful feelings and pathos.

Verbal humor created by flouting maxims in how i met your mother series

This article is entitled Humorous Situation Created by Flouting of Maxim in Comedy Series How I Met Your Mother. It is aimed at identifying the types of maxims being used in order to create verbal humor. The data was taken from “How I Met Your Mother” comedy series. This undergraduate thesis applied two theories to solve the problems. The first is the theory is the Grice’s maxims to identify what are the maxims flouted in the series and also to find which maxim is dominantly flouted. Whereas, the second theory is the theory of verbal humor by Shade. This undergraduate thesis used the documentation method for collecting data, the data was collected from the comedy series by watching the series, reading the movie script as well as seen at the subtitle of the series. Then identify the maxims flouted by the characters in it. The result of this undergraduate thesis shows that all maxims were flouted in the series. And there were four types of verbal humor implied in the series How I Met Your Mother.

A Systematic Literature Review on Humour Advertising: The ADO Model Approach

Humour as an appeal is one of the earlier appeals that attracted marketers and has attracted researchers’ interest in recent years. In lieu, the current paper systematically reviews various types of humour. The objective of the current study is to trace the research gaps and furnish directions for future research. The current paper considered articles from 2002–2022 on humour advertising. Multiple research gaps were outlined employing ADO (Antecedents, Decision, and Outcomes) model. The study finds that humour advertising has been effective if the sources are credible. The likability of the brand increases, and that finally affects the buying intention. The potential avenues of research in a similar domain are discussed at the end of the paper. It facilitates practitioners about the various types of humour appeal and methodical thinking to further advancement in the area of humour appealed advertising.

The relationship between humour types, assertiveness, self-efficacy, personality, and perfectionism in pre-service teachers

Teachers’ humour has a special place in the educational context with multiple benefits for themselves and their students. As a complex concept, humour is strongly related to individual personality, which is also complex and diverse. The current research aimed to investigate the correlations between four types of humour (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) and assertiveness, perfectionism, and Big Five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability) in pre-service teachers. The obtained results show that the adaptive type of humour (affiliative and self-enhancing) positively correlated with assertiveness, Big Five personality traits, and the adaptive form of perfectionism, and negatively with the maladaptive form of perfectionism. Also, the maladaptive type of humour (aggressive and self-defeating) negatively correlated with assertiveness, Big Five personality traits, and positively with the maladaptive form of perfectionism. An intriguing finding was the positive correlation between aggressive humour and assertiveness.

Functions and types of travel-related dark humour created during pandemics

This paper examines role of a dark humour as stress-coping resource during COVID-19 pandemics. For this purpose, a theoretical framework is first proposed, that taxonomically relate pandemic stressors with relevant functions, styles and types of humour. In empirical part, an exploratory study of 180 topical online jokes was conducted, by means of content (thematic) analysis. Obtained results reveal four dominant and naturally occurring themes (termed New travelling realities, Rising travel urges, Infected people like to travel and Hypocritical tourism providers), that expose commonly experienced travel-related stressors. In order to cope with them, versatile functions of humour are discerned, namely cognitive re-appraisal, emotional regulation and social critique. These functions correspond with distinctive components of humour, where positive styles (affiliative one in particular) and particular types (i.e. exaggeration and sarcasm) are dominant. Derived theoretical and practical implications for effective application of humour for stress-management during tourism crises are also discussed.