Humanitarian Values Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ И ЗА ЕЕ ПРЕДЕЛАМИ

The problem of a person in psychology, its formulation and solution are rooted in the development of human and social sciences in general. In Russia, the formation of these sciences had a difficult history. The specificity of Russian modernizations and waves of enlightenment manifested itself in the borrowing of models and intellectual traditions, in the domination of the state over society, in the priority of the instrumental aspects of development over the humanitarian, as well as in the inconsistency and incompleteness of cultural and psychological processes associated with the transformations of the person himself. If the result of the European Renaissance was the emergence of a new type of personality, which then followed the paths of reformation, modernization and enlightenment, then the Russian Renaissance had a weakly expressed form, and its meaning consisted not only in a turn towards man, but also in the revival of European humanitarian values in Russia. The processes of humanization of society, anthropologisation of life and individualization of culture, initiated by the Renaissance spirit, had in Russia the character of constantly renewed, dispersed and latent movements. It is shown that anthropological problems were developed not only in the well-known works of N.G. Chernyshevsky, P.L. Lavrov, K.D. Ushinsky, in the approaches of V.M. Bekhterev, B.G. Ananyev and S.L. Rubinstein, but also in the unobvious activities of G.G. Shpet and GAKhN scientists, in the study of issues of art and architecture, in journalism and literary work. From the standpoint of retrospective and genealogical analysis, it was found that the anthropological turn was carried out throughout the twentieth century, manifested in the development of personality psychology, the psychology of the subject, as well as in the existential and philosophical approaches of postsoviet psychology. The expression of the anthropological approach in psychology was not only the movement towards the construction of human psychology, but also the emergence of the psychology of everyday life, focusing on the changes of the present and the ethnographic diversity of human existence.

On the issue of the crisis of humanitarian values and the prospects for its resolution

The article raises the issue of contemporary trends in the violation of the formation mechanisms of constructive attitudes of public consciousness associated with the development of information technologies. The starting point of the research is to substantiate the importance of constructive attitudes of the social worldview and to develop constructive value orientations in the social environment, as a condition for the stable existence of society. The authors evaluate the role of the contemporary advancement in information technologies and, in particular, in the spreading of numerous media, as a factor in the development of the crisis in the functionality of the family institutions, religion, and education. Besides assessing the socialization mechanisms expressed at the level of the family, education, and religious institutions, the authors note general cultural trends associated with the activation of information communication processes. The authors reveal a common trend in the development of the spiritual crisis and describe the self-reproduction mechanism of cultural trends at the digital communication level, as well as the formation of products that are focused on the mass consumer. It is proved that one of the important factors in the reproduction of information products with negative content is the predominance of the quantitative aspect of the evaluation of network information products. On the example of the institution of the literary award, the possibility of applying methods of qualitative assessment of network content is proved, which results in the possibility of stimulating the development of products that have constructive impact on the social worldview area.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРАВОВОГО ТА МІЛІТАРНОГО ВИМІРУ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ США

The role of the United States in the security system of the global international space is difficult to overestimate. At the same time, the question of the degree to which America’s national security strategies are consistent with the requirements of international security is increasingly being questioned. On the one hand, the shift in emphasis to humanitarian values has made it more logical to use modern force to address issues such as the spread of WMD or genocide. On the other hand, the practice of American action in the Middle East and Central Asia has demonstrated the limits of power policy through the use of high technology in the use of traditional structures and strategies. The aim of the article is to analyze the transformational aspect of US security and defense policy, the impact of which becomes more significant than technological innovation. The study, based on the methods of political analysis, identified the main characteristics of American world leadership, which includes military power, economic competitiveness, moral authority, active participation in international political processes on a global scale and efforts to streamline the international system. Conclusions. Responding to change must begin with an analysis of the social foundations of threats and, above all, the role of the social factor in modern wars. In case of unsuccessful application, technological power not only does not solve the problem, but also strengthens its social roots. Such a scenario creates a very dangerous situation for the United States, where counteraction can be crystallized or cover conflict sectors that are unusual for Americans. It is important to keep in mind that today’s security threats extend to specific citizens and communities more than to the state as a whole. That is why the world community’s acceptance of the American vision of international development in areas such as human rights and development is so important to America. While security is based on military capabilities in today’s world, its new forms and configurations require the embodiment of types of forceful intervention that are not always consistent with classical doctrines and strategic approaches.

Естетичне в сучасних соціокультурних практиках

The article is devoted to the fundamental problems of human philosophy and, at the same time, to the philosophy of culture as a product of its spiritual movement. Presented in modern science by separately developed theoretical discourses, in reality the aesthetic and cultural aspects are in relation of continuous interdependence, associated with the development of their generic basis – the human core of essence. The concept of aesthetics, which owes its emergence to the activity-based approach to the analysis of human essence, the understanding of the aesthetic and the moral as fundamental activities as the basis and conditions of human creation, suffers from unjustified reduction. Formed in the bosom of philosophical-anthropic universals, the culture studies, which should have been a methodologically analytical platform, a tendency towards factuality, moving to fleeting meanings, has revealed. This affected the optics of the aesthetic vision: the projection of its consideration became actual artistic practices, taken from the perspective of artistic instrumental form formation, abstracted from the defining human-motivated meaning. Left "off screen", it brings the analysis of contemporary artistic realities to superficial ones, to a simple statement of their sociocultural certainty and differences from what was known previously. The very life of the "aesthetic" – a condition and measure of the human essence development – provides such studies incapable of true expertise, primarily of determining the actual cultural weight of the artistic and aesthetic phenomenon and the prospects of its future existence. The urgency of recognizing this problem and its obligatory subsequent solution is one of the urgent tasks of culture studies on the way to its ultimate establishment as the center of humanitarian values. The understanding of the "aesthetic" as a human-forming condition necessarily expands the space of its cultural examination as well. It encompasses a bunch of actions and inner movements carried out in a human way. Moreover, the world of art needs to be taken into account when studying the presence of aesthetics in the general sphere of sociocultural practices. Whereas art as an aesthetic phenomenon is homogeneous in relation to the aesthetic, in the extra-artistic sphere the aesthetic gets into a homogeneity of a different order, namely into the root structure of the essential human self-development.

КОМУНІКАТИВНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНІХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ ЯК ПСИХОЛІНГВІСТИЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА

Modern education is focused on formation of the basic and professional competences in applicants of higher education with a view to successful implementation of youth in future professional activities and harmonious development of personality. Competence includes a set of basic knowledge, skills, and abilities, humanitarian values that help people to find their place in the professional world and realized themselves in accordance with their skills.

КОМУНІКАТИВНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНІХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ ЯК ПСИХОЛІНГВІСТИЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА

Modern education is focused on formation of the basic and professional competences in applicants of higher education with a view to successful implementation of youth in future professional activities and harmonious development of personality. Competence includes a set of basic knowledge, skills, and abilities, humanitarian values that help people to find their place in the professional world and realized themselves in accordance with their skills.

LEGITIMATION OF AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE IN RUSSIAN OFFICIAL DISCOURSE

The article examines some aspects of the political legitimization of illegal actions in international relations through the Kremlin's official discourse aiming to justify aggression against Ukraine. To "normalize" its actions in the international arena, Russian authorities organize large-scale and well-coordinated information campaigns, which, combined with diplomatic and economic pressure and other non-military measures, threaten to destabilize the global security. Enjoying virtually total control over the media within Russia and a using a number of powerful international media tools, Russia's political elites are trying to create an alternative political discursive reality to convince different target audiences of the "rationality" of their actions and influence their behavior accordingly. These measures constitute an integral part of Moscow's official discoursewith main goal to restore Soviet era geopolitical power and achieve strategic balance in the civilizational confrontation with the West. The article provides a brief theoretical analysis of the concepts of "legitimacy" and "discourse" in the context of international relations and causalities between Russia’s attempts to legitimize aggression against Ukraine and the Kremlin's perceptions of identity, historical memory and foreign policy. Based on the analysis of the existing scientific literature in the field of legitimation of political actions in the international arena, following categorization of legitimation strategies used by the Russian Federation in official discourse to justify annexation of Crimea and armed aggression in Donbass is proposed: 1) legitimation through reference to customs, laws and traditions; 2) legitimation by appealing to altruism and a certain system of moral and humanitarian values; 3) legitimation through rationalization, theorizing; 4) legitimation through emotions and a hypothetical future. The use of Kremlin discursive practices and legitimation strategies is illustrated by analyzing the text and talk of Vladimir Putin and other leaders of Russian political elite.

The gender gap in support for humanitarian interventions

Much of the existing literature on the gender gap in support for war has focused on average differences between men and women. Little research has focused on variations in men’s and women’s support due to differing aspects of the situational context, such as regime change, economic interests, threat of terrorism, or humanitarian crisis. Previous research has suggested that gender differences are reduced when the objective of a military intervention is to promote human rights and stop a humanitarian crisis (Brooks and Valentino 2011; Eichenberg 2016, 2017), but the underlying reason for this finding remains elusive. In this article, I seek precisely such an explanation—values. Using original data from an experiment, I find that different values, such as militaristic and humanitarian values, mediate the gender gap, depending on the reason for intervention. These results add to the accumulation of knowledge on foreign policy attitudes, the gender gap, and values.

Integration of natural science and humanities knowledge in the teaching of applied mathematics to students in the conditions of informatization of education

Problem and goal. The success of a variety of applied research based on achievements in applied mathematics presupposes the existence of highly qualified professionals with not only fundamental knowledge in applied mathematics, but applied mathematical thinking and the world of information, able to apply environmental technologies in applied research, to formulate and justify inferences about the results of the study. Such specialists in applied mathematics are able to identify and understand the new information obtained as a result of research in terms of its scientific and humanitarian value. That is why much attention is paid to the training of such highly professional specialists in the field of applied mathematics in Russia. Methodology. In the process of teaching applied mathematics to students of physics and mathematics and natural science areas of higher education, it is advisable to integrate natural science, humanities, and information technology. At the same time, it is necessary to attract specialists in the field of applied mathematics who have experience in using information technologies to solve applied mathematical problems. Results. The integration of natural science, humanities, and information technologies in the process of teaching applied mathematics allows students to develop a scientific worldview and information culture, to better understand the approaches and methods of applied mathematics as well as the scientific potential of applied mathematics. In addition, this integration allows to identify the fundamental concepts of scientific disciplines, which may not be the basic disciplines for teaching in the field of applied mathematics, but at the same time, play an important role in the methodology of applied mathematics. For example, such disciplines include computer science, philosophy, etc. Conclusion. Training classes with students in applied mathematics, which integrates natural science, humanities, information technology allows to identify the humanitarian, scientificeducational and scientific-educational potential of teaching applied mathematics to justify the positive contribution of information technology to develop students ICT competence.

Student scientific circle as a form of tutor’s support

The concept of a student scientific circle as a form of tutor training is presented. The history of the circle movement in Russian universities of imperial Russia is analyzed, starting with the circle organized by Professor Schwartz in 1781 and continued in the Soviet Union. The data on the state support of students research work in the post-war period, including state documents of title and measures of financial support, are presented. The traditional student scientific circle is a circle of those wishing to educate themselves in addition to the planned curriculum, by conducting their own research and publishing the results. As a result, an activity-level specialist is formed from a graduate of the circle. In contrast to the traditional one, the tutor-type training circle forms the circle member as a future specialist not only at the activity level, but also at the project and, preferably, conceptual levels. Methodologically, the task of a tutor-type training circle is not only to teach the circle members the practical skills of conducting scientific research, but, first of all, in personalized work to achieve anthropological goals, to create a reasonable, creative, effective personality who can create, plan and design. In the conditions of the rapid development of modern science, the construction of the future is proceeding at a rapid pace and is associated with the active implementation of the results of scientific experiments in all aspects of human life, which requires active suppression of everyday consciousness. At the same time, due to the risk of a landslide dehumanization, the circle member, as a scientist, needs to lay down humanitarian values that define the individual as a person who shares the ideals of goodness and justice. Thus, the student scientific circle is a system in which a new generation of honest and effective scientists and high class specialists is formed under the guidance of a tutor.

Зарубежная гастрольная деятельность ансамбля «Лезгинка» как один из факторов развития культурных связей СССР со странами Востока в 1960-е гг. (по материалам периодической печати)

The paper analyzes an extensive tour activity of the state academic dance ensemble of Dagestan «Lezghinka» across Eastern countries in the context of cultural relations development. Based on archivial sources and materials of the periodical press, the authors emphasize that in the 1960s the ensemble became a tru representative of people’s diplomacy, carrier and popularizer of multinational culture of the country. The role of «Lezghinka» in the promotion of the folk choreographic art, general humanitarian values during each tour is noted. The usage of fundamental multi-factor approach has allowed us to draw the conclusion that the ensemble having become a representative not only of Dagestan but also of the whole country plays an important role in smoothing military and ethnic conflicts, clearly indicating its position, carrying the banner of peace, friendship and solidarity between people.

EDUCATING ISLAMIC VALUES THROUGH WIWITAN TRADITION

Javanese traditions such as wiwitan have often been perceived as being rooted in Hindu and Buddhist culture, and thus syncretic in nature. As the Javanese people have increasingly emphasized rational–functional values, and as orthodox (Islam as represented by santri has become more mainstream, these traditions have been transformed, allowing the ritual wiwitan to become Islamic tradition, expressing gratitude, alms, family, and tolerance. This article explores the educating processes of Islamic values through wiwitan tradition. Data are collected through observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. The analyses use a descriptive and interpretative approach. The findings have revealed that the wiwitan tradition by East Java's farmers is not a syncretic tradition, as commonly argued, but rather has experienced two important transformations. First, it has become more Islamic as an orthodoxy has become mainstream in Java. Second, the wiwitan tradition has a socio-religious purpose of providing a cultural space for divine ( ila hiyah ) and humanitarian (insa niyah) values. Wiwitan has thus offered a means of educating Islamic values, because it contains the values of shukr , s adaqah , kinship, and tolerance.

Storytelling in Apocalyptic Times: Anne Washburn’s Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play

Abstract This article analyzes Anne Washburn’s wildly popular, and often controversial, Mr. Burns, a Post-Electric Play (2012) by focusing on the principal retellings that shape Mr. Burns and delineating how Washburn’s adaptations produce the thematic content of the play. Washburn deftly interweaves a variety of high and low culture source material within the plot. Pandemic and apocalyptic tropes provide the ecofictional narrative base to adaptations of Stephen King’s The Stand (1978), Euripides’s Orestes, Martin Scorsese’s Cape Fear (1991), and a variety of episodes of The Simpsons (1989–). Through these retellings, Mr. Burns metatheatrically chronicles how stories shape listeners and their cultures. When the stories told simply pander to the materialism, greed, and commodification that permeate contemporary global capitalist culture, then society proliferates those solipsistic values. Washburn ultimately argues that, in what may seem like apocalyptic times, storytelling as embodied in the theater arts must instead advocate humanitarian collectivist values.

Philosophical review of heredity and environment in Islamic education

This research explains that heredity affects the formation of personality. However, it is not the only one absolute factor which can’t be changed. In fact, personality can be supple and the tool to change is the environment. The purpose of this study is to show that heredity and environment are important in determining the quality of individual character development in Islamic education studies. In the teachings of Islam, both sourced through the Quran, the Hadith of the Prophet, and the opinions of other experts, although not explicitly stated, there are also several sources that explain and justify that heredity and the environment can affect the growth of character and behavior human behavior. Both heredity and the environment have a very significant relation either individually and together in the education process. Thus, in the world of education a teaching and learning strategy, it is needed to be able to accommodate human and religious values. In other words, humanitarian and religious values are inseparable wither in transfer of knowledge, transfer of value and transfer of method. Therefore the method in this research is uses research type/approach of library research.

Beyond the ‘Sham’ Critique and the Narrative of Humanitarianism: A Rejoinder to Jochen von Bernstorff

This is a Rejoinder to Jochen von Bernstorff’s Reply to our Article, ‘Monopolizing War: Codifying the Laws of War to Reassert Governmental Authority, 1856–1874’. We challenge von Bernstroff’s assertion that we argued that international humanitarian law is merely a sham and his description of our historical approach as focused on the domestic. Rather than conceiving this history as merely one of power relations between weaker and stronger states, our argument pierces the sovereign veil of states and considers how tensions between governments, elites, and the broader public influenced the history of the laws of war. Furthermore, the thrust of our argument is that democratization processes in this formative period (1856–1874) set in motion civil society initiatives that reverberated in the battlefields of Europe and shaped the content and form of the laws of war. Our project is meant to help us better understand the past and, in doing so, shed light on the meaningful efforts to insert humanitarian values into the interpretation of the laws of war.

Attitudes of teachers and students towards Olympic and humanitarian values

Olympic education is closely related to the assumptions and values of Olympism. Olympic values are a theme dear to Olympic education, which seeks to rescue the relationship between sport and the presuppositions and pedagogical values present in the Olympic Movement. Olympic Values serve as a code of conduct for the Olympic Movement, and strive to guide the attitudes and actions of all those involved in Olympic activities, be they competitive, administrative, or voluntary work. One tries to combine sport, education and culture, using the harmony between body and mind, excellence of oneself, integrity in actions, mutual respect, and joy found in effort. Thus, the objective of this research was to measure the self-perception of teachers and students in an educational program for sports, from the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The results showed differences between the groups of teachers and the one of students, as well as differences concerning the variables of gender and age, and the knowledge and education of the participants regarding Olympic values and Olympic education within the premises of good performance in sports and the judgment of their own behaviors regarding humanitarian values.

Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Film “Sokola Rimba”

Education serves to improve intellectual intelligence and human character. Character education must go through a learning process. The education process in the Covid-19 pandemic situation was forced to be carried out online. This situation will hamper the student's character learning process. Aside from being an entertainment, film becomes an educational media for the community. The film Sokola Rimba is a film that has educational and humanitarian values. Therefore it is important to conduct research on the character value of the film Sokola Rimba. To improve the quality of character education for students who learn from home. This research will analyze the character values in the film Sokola Rimba, to improve the quality of character education. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with an observation method. The results of this study are in the film Sokola Rimba there are ten character values. The character values are social care, hard work, responsibility, tolerance, religious, care for the environment, love for peace, curiosity, creative, and friendly. The values in the Sokola Rimba film can be used as a medium to improve the quality of character education when students learn from home.

A Path Toward Inclusive Social Cohesion: The Role of European and National Identity on Contesting vs. Accepting European Migration Policies in Portugal.

The Western hemisphere has witnessed recent increased immigration flows generating social and political debate across Europe. In one view, migration flows represent an opportunity to construct a diverse social cohesion. In another view, migration flows are perceived as a threat to existent national cultures. This view is held by political nationalisms and right-wing populist forces installed in the majority of EU countries’ parliaments, accentuating discrimination against immigrants and residents in Europe. We theorize that European identity predicts positive attitudes toward immigrants (prosocial behavior and support for inclusive policies), whereas national identity’s predictions of attitudes toward immigrants’ inclusion depends on participants’ political tendency. Moreover, we test the mediation effect of positive (humanitarian concerns and economic benefit) and negative (jobs scarcity, cultural deterioration, and invasion) arguments used in political discourses regarding immigrants’ inclusion on the relation between national and European identities and attitudes toward immigrants’ inclusion. Results (Portuguese sample, N = 176) show that national identity predicts negative attitudes toward immigrants’ inclusion, but only among right-wing individuals. Among left-wing individuals, national identity predicts less contestation to immigrant’s inclusion sustained by humanitarian concerns. Interestingly, European identification weakened right-wing individuals’ adherence to discriminatory arguments and increased perceived economic contribution that immigrants bring to society, increasing agreement with prosocial behavior and immigrants’ inclusion. We discuss that European identity, sustained in humanitarian values and economic benefit, may stimulate a stronger multicultural social cohesion, intergroup trust, and social well-being based on democratic values, social justice, and equality, and on the respect for human dignity.

Innovative Changes in Education of the 2010s: Pro and Cons

The article offers a theoretical analysis of the advantages and contradictions of innovative changes in modern education. The author uses the data presented in the UNESCO and Council of Europe programmes, reviews in the main areas of innovative development, but also information from the websites of international organizations, implementing innovative educational models. The ideas of lifelong learning, inclusion and open education in the 2010s are meanwhile developing in conditions of"liquid modernity" (Bauman, 2000). Metamodern culture, the capitalization of knowledge, digitalization and network socialization are presented as the main external sources of the innovative boom in the education world of the 2010s. Against the background of the technological development one can see serious risks of forcing the humanitarian values and basic foundations out of pedagogic processes. In this regard, the need for constant critical reflection on the results of innovative education changes is emphasized.

MEVLÂNA’NIN MESNEVÎSİ'NDEKİ BAZI İNSANÎ DEĞERLER

Mesnevî kuşkusuz insani değerlerin ve mükemmelliklerin büyük ve güvenilir bir hazinesidir. İnsan zihninde hayal edilen ahlakî erdemlerin ve insanî erdemlerinin çoğu, Mesnevî-i Manevî’de toplanmış gibi görünüyor ve bu da bu büyük ve tarihi eseri çekici ve ölümsüz hale getiriyor. Bu anlamda Mesnevî’ye "'iyilikler hazinesi" denilmesi gerekir. Mesnevî, baştan sona Allah’ı tanıma ve Allah’ı bulma arayışının eseridir. Mevlâna’nın Mesnevî'deki esas hedefi, Rabb'in gerçek bilgisi ışığında kişinin kendisine bilmesi ve ibadet etmesi gerektiği gibi Allah’a ibadet etmesidir. Mesnevî- i Manevî, bu derece değerli bir eser haline getiren ana nedenlerden biri insanî kavramların ve değerlerinin varlığıdır. Bahsedilen konuya ek olarak, Mesnevî'yi sonsuz ve kalıcı bir iş haline getiren ana temalardan birisi de Mesnevî'nin tümünde görünür olan Kur’ân malzemesinin güçlü ve yaygın varlığıdır. Gerçekten de Rûmî'nin Mesnevî"si, ebedî temaları ve muhtevasıyla, yazılışından bugüne beşeri bilimler için susuzluğu gideren büyük bir kaynak olmuştur. Kuşkusuz, bu büyük ve muazzam kitabın değerinin ve ölümsüzlüğünün nedenlerinden biri, bir dizi muhteşem konuyu ve kavramı kapsaması ve dolayısıyla bu konularla ilgilenenlerin ilgisini çekmesidir.