Humanitarian Operation Research Articles

Fibreoptic intubation in children and young people in resource-limited settings: A case series during a humanitarian aid operation in Guinea.

Fibreoptic intubation in children and young people in resource-limited settings: A case series during a humanitarian aid operation in Guinea.

From securitisation to martialisation: Logistics of humanitarian protection in Brazil’s Amazon

The association between logistics and militarised humanitarianism is expanding as a strategy for managing migrants' productive and reproductive lives. In Brazil, despite a progressive humanitarian visa policy, the national army remains responsible for the logistics of a severely underfunded humanitarian operation in Brazil’s Amazon. This study, based on participatory action research with 300 migrants, introduces the notion of martialisation to show political and socioeconomic dimensions that are juxtaposed in the military logistics of humanitarian zones and subsequently experienced as a dominant structuring process of exploitation. These are securitization of migration linked to at once the deepening of market liberalism and the normalisation of military intervention within productive and reproductive processes. Findings show that the military leadership in Brazil’s humanitarian response reveals a multi-scalar phenomenon of military rule that contributes to sustaining the repressive labour regime in Brazil’s Amazon. It articulates the structures of labour subordination with the micromanagement of reproductive measures by which migrants are controlled, exploited, and dispossessed of their rights. The conclusion makes the case for the collective organization of migrants in pursuit of transformative action.

Religious Component in Deradicalization and Rehabilitation Programs for Followers and Victims of Religiously Motivated Extremism: World Experience and Kazakhstan.

The article examines the role of the religious component in various deradicalization and rehabilitation programs for the followers and victims of religiously motivated extremism. The author identifies three approaches to deradicalization and rehabilitation work. The first approach is the theological re-education model with the key role of the religious component. The second approach is the model of deradicalization, rehabilitation and reintegration in the European context in which the religious component is insignificant or absent. The third approach is the model of comprehensive deradicalization and rehabilitation in which all components are proportionally represented. The analysis of the Kazakhstani program has shown its similarities with the model of theological re-education. After the humanitarian operation "Jusan" for the returning Kazakhstani citizens from the zones of terrorist activity in Syria, the "turn to psychology" began, which allows us to speak about the strengthening of the psychological component of the deradicalization and rehabilitation program. Currently, a balanced approach to deradicalization and rehabilitation is being sought, taking into consideration the complexity of radicalization factors, gender, age and life experience of the participants. This will make it possible to achieve successful rehabilitation and reintegration as well as resistance to the risks of re-radicalization.

The Transformation of Polish-Ukrainian Relations in the Context of Migration Policy Implementation

In 2022, Russia’s war against Ukraine shook the world and kickstarted an active humanitarian operation to save war-affected Ukrainians. All the neighbouring countries of Ukraine were forced to react actively. However, the subsequent refugee crisis affected Poland the most. Currently, Poland is playing the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, which raises obvious questions about future developments and possible future challenges in relations between Ukraine and Poland and, above all, migration policy itself. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Poland’s policy in the fi eld of accepting refugees and to examine the relevant legislation and procedures related to Ukrainian refugees, thereby shedding light on the assistance and support mechanisms put in place by the Polish authorities. Furthermore, this study seeks to draw insightful conclusions regarding the impact of Ukrainian refugees on Poland’s economic and social spheres, in addition to exploring the refugees’ integration into various aspects of daily life. A critical aspect of this research involves a comparative analysis to ascertain whether Poland’s policy towards Ukrainian refugees has undergone any significant changes since the beginning of the full-scale invasion on February 24th, 2022. This timeline provides a crucial backdrop for understanding how evolving geopolitical dynamics may have influenced Poland’s approach. This research employs a multidisciplinary approach, utilising a combination of data collection, policy analysis, and an extensive review of relevant literature to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complex issue at hand.

Localisation in the balance: Syrian medical-humanitarian NGOs' strategic engagement with the local and international.

Contributions on localisation often focus on interactions between local organisations and the international community, with limited attention paid to dynamics within the locally-led part of the response. The humanitarian operation in non-government-held areas of Syria is considered a key example of localisation, in which the health sector has assumed a leading role. Drawing on fieldwork among Syrian medical-humanitarian organisations conducted in southern Turkey in 2017, this paper offers a view from below on the localisation debate. It provides a nuanced perspective on 'the local', showcasing how localisation is interpreted and expressed among Syrian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) themselves, and in their interaction with each other. The paper shows how most organisations have moved to a hybrid model that emphasises their local and international character, resisting simplistic classifications. However, despite the sometimes strategic nature of its invocation, localisation does not lose its relevance as a lived experience, especially for local field staff.

Russian Red Cross Society and the Balkan Wars 1912—1913: the Test Before the Storm

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian Red Cross Society (RRCS) was one of the largest national organisations of the international Red Cross movement. In addition to helping victims of various disasters in Russia, medics from the RRCS helped victims of armed conflicts abroad. Following the Russo-Japanese War, serious shortcomings were identified in the Society's activities and major organisational reforms were undertaken to increase the scale and effectiveness of its work. The first humanitarian operation of RRCS outside Russia, after its reorganization, was the sending of numerous medical missions to the theatre of the First Balkan War on September 25, 1912 — 17 May 1913. During the Second Balkan War from 29 June to 29 July 1913, RRCS missions operated on both sides of the front. The increased efficiency of RRCS, the dedication and professionalism of Russian doctors allowed the Society's missions in the warring countries to successfully cope with their tasks, making up for the shortcomings of the local military-medical services to a great extent, providing aid to tens of thousands of the wounded and sick. The Balkan campaign made it possible to introduce post-reform organisational innovations on the eve of the First World War.

Assembling humanitarianism in the Cold War: The role of the Red Cross in the Bay of Pigs prisoner exchange

This paper examines humanitarian relations between Cuba and the US at the height of Cold War conflict. After the attempted invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961 to overthrow the Cuban government had resulted in a memorable defeat for the United States of America, an unusual humanitarian operation in 1962-63 secured the release of the prisoners of war in exchange for food and medical supplies. Framing the Prisoner Exchange Project (PEP) as an assemblage helps to understand how humanitarian interventions can succeed in situations where diplomatic relations are severed, and without involving international organisations as mediators. I analyse how the project brought diverse non-state actors together under the banner of humanitarianism, as well as non-human elements including supplies, ships, aircrafts, documents, and affective elements such as desire and hospitality. The national Red Cross Societies of America and Cuba managed to successfully carry out the exchange through constant relational work and mechanisms to render the project technical. This case study offers important lessons about the entanglement of humanitarian and development work, and how the involvement of Red Cross Societies unsettled hierarchies between donors and recipients and traditional geographies of humanitarianism.

Law Enforcement Against Street Crimes During a Pandemic That Occurred In Sidoarjo

The purpose of this research is Law Enforcement Efforts Against Street Crime Period in Sidoarjo. The research method used is a normative juridical research method, which focuses on the study starting from the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations, accompanied by legal theories and principles related to the problems studied. The results of the research In carrying out the prevention of street crime, the Sidoarjo City Police made several efforts, namely with Preventive Efforts and Repressive Efforts. The efforts to overcome street crime are carried out by carrying out patrols carried out by the police, the establishment of Tangguh village posts spread across almost all areas from the RT, RW and Village levels, empowerment of Bhabinkamtibmas, involvement of elements related to handling the pandemic (TNI, Regional Government, BPBD), carry out operations to control the completeness of motorized vehicles, with the application the community can easily communicate with the police, and also the police give mandate to the community if a crime occurs so that they can immediately report it to the authorities. And there are also obstacles What is often encountered by the Sidoarjo City Police is that the public does not understand the dangers of the Covid 19 pandemic and its impact on the increase in crime, by ignoring health protocols and decreasing the level of vigilance for the occurrence of crime. The public's rejection of the efforts / policies taken by the government related to the handling of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the grounds that these policies limit the space for people to find sustenance, as well as the limited number of personnel and finances for the deployment of a humanitarian operation.

Factors impacting humanitarian operations in healthcare during life-threatening pandemics

ABSTRACT The aims of this paper are to ‘identify’, analyze’, and categorize’ the factors impacting humanitarian activities in healthcare during life-threatening pandemics like COVID-19 using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM). Nine humanitarian operation factors have been identified for healthcare during a life-threatening pandemic like COVID-19. The study states that the key factors are resource shortages, external factors, and a shortage of medical and non-medical specialists. The study focused primarily on humanitarian operations characteristics for the healthcare sector. The present study will assist key stakeholders and academics in gaining a better knowledge of the factors that impact humanitarian healthcare operations during life-threatening pandemics like COVID-19. The study analyses the interrelationships among humanitarian operations factors using humanitarian operations during life-threatening pandemics. During life-threatening, which is a novel attempt in the subject of this sector.

The Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh: an analysis of the involvement of local humanitarian actors

Since August 2017, more than 700,000 Rohingya have sought refuge in Bangladesh from neighbouring Myanmar, resulting in an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. A significant endeavour is taking place involving various humanitarian actors for the provision and overall management of the humanitarian activities in Rohingya refugee camps. The article studies the configuration and evolution of the humanitarian operations with the aim of identifying the extent of localisation, ie the involvement of the Bangladeshi actors in the management of the camps in the early stage (1–2 years) of the crisis. It employs a quantitative method by analysing the 4W data of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Segregation of humanitarian operators by national and international non-governmental organisations and a network analysis suggest that the humanitarian operations are dominated by international actors, and localisation was not achieved in the early stage of the crisis. Additionally, the article provides a profile of the humanitarian operation along with the context and background of the crisis; as such, it can be utilised by both academic and non-academic audiences.

Evidence-based models to support humanitarian operations and crisis management

Term humanitarian operation (HO) is a concept extracted from the need to perform supply chain operations in special, risky, and critical events. Understanding and implementing operations under such conditions is a strategic responsibility. Due to its importance, we design a framework for organizational learning from major incidents through root cause analysis. The case studies contain a purely industrial disaster at Bhopal and a mixed industrial-natural disaster at Fukushima. An approach is proposed for organizational safety by incorporating techniques related to root cause analysis applied to one case study. Moreover, we employ the analytic hierarchy process, which is applied to the second case study. We incorporate operations management models to analyse data related to two major disasters. The case studies in two organizations are then compared with respect to their causes and effects along with the models adopted to support HO& crisis management (CM). The contribution is the use of hybrid modelling techniques to analyse disasters in terms of humanitarian operations and crisis management.

A Cold War Humanitarian Action: The Western Admission of 1956 Hungarian Refugees

The story of the refugees who fled Hungary following the Soviet suppression of the 1956 Revolution and the coordinated international humanitarian operation launched to receive them is an outstanding chapter in the history of emigration. These refugees received far more favorable treatment than earlier Hungarian expatriates or other European refugees had been given. With a total of 200,000 refugees, their successful transportation to host countries and their subsequent integration represented an exceptional success for international aid efforts. How can this efficiency be explained? Trends in humanitarian sentiment in world public opinion, influenced in part by the horrors of World War II, and the increasingly precise formulation of the rights of the refugees were just as important, as factors, as the supportive attitude of the populations of Western countries, who empathized with the suppressed revolution. The exceptionally favorable composition, from the perspective of the labor market, of the mass of people who fled in 1956 coincided with Western economic prosperity, producing economic “miracles.” However, even these favorable initial conditions would not have led to such a swift and successful settlement in the West of nearly 200,000 Hungarians had it not been for the Cold War rivalry between the Eastern and the Western blocs. As a consequence of the ideological and propaganda conflict with the Soviets, the NATO governments had the necessary political will to give effective support for a resolution to the Hungarian refugee problem, even after emotional support among the public opinion had waned.

The Origins of the Syrian Conflicts

The Origins of the Syrian Conflicts

Clinical activity at the UK military level 2 hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan during Op TRENTON from June to September 2017

IntroductionDiseases and non-battle injuries (DNBIs) are common on UK military deployments, but the collection and analysis of clinically useful data on these remain a challenge. Standard medical returns do not...

Aeromedical evacuation: experiences from the UK military level 2 hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, during Op TRENTON

IntroductionAeromedical Evacuation (AE) is a vital role of the Defence Medical Services (DMS). With a far-reaching defence global footprint, an AE capability is crucial to enable movement of patients in...

Grain Quality Research of Rice for Ensuring Nutritional Food Security

Per capita rice consumption in Bangladesh is in a decreasing trend. Considering the constant loss of per capita daily dietary energy @ 0.028% year-1, nutrition-based prediction of daily dietary energy intake (kcal) may be reduced to 2201 and 2188 kcal for our population by 2030 and 2050, respectively. We are optimistic that consuming per capita rice consumption of 365 g and 363 g (dry wt. basis) in 2030 and 2050, respectively will help to attain the current trends of 59.0% of Calorie intake from rice only. Appro-priate amount of rice intake including incorporating rice-based products in our daily diet, we will able to attain daily required dietary allowance and combination of both may ensure nutritional security along with food security in Bangladesh in a way to effective utilization of the rice grain. Rice is nutraceu-tically enriched because of the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidants. Research thrust of BRRI is to focus on releasing nutraceutically enriched HYVs such as high zinc, high iron, beta carotene (A Vit A precursor) enriched antioxidant rice etc. Gluten free rice-based bakery products have potential to get popularize in Bangladeshi population with ensuring high nutritional value and effective management of controlling non-communicable diseases since lesser amount of rice carbohydrates are being utilized in formulating products such as rice biscuit, rice cake etc. BRRI has formulated gluten free rice-based energy dense product specially rice biscuit (ED 5.15) could be extended as a potential nutri-tionally balanced dry food application in malnutrition mitigation programme, school feeding nutritional programme and humanitarian relief operation replacing current wheat-based products. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 103-117, 2021

Decision support framework for facility location and demand planning for humanitarian logistics

This research purpose is to develop a decision-making mechanism capable of enhancing SADC effectiveness and efficiency during regional relief operations. The research was conducted in three phases: phase 1 with the aim of exploring SADC relief supply operations readiness, their available infrastructures as well as the existing coordination between relief agencies and other relevant parties. Phase 2 aims at enhancing the efficiency and the effectiveness of the SADC regional decision-making mechanism during relief operations. Phase 3 finally optimizes the pre-positioned relief supplies and demands in facility locations across SADC by dealing with two key decision factors affecting the region namely the time and the cost. Using a Multi-Criteria decision Making (MCDM) based on its Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, the results, under certain assumptions, yielded an insignificant cost-saving between air transportation and marine transportation. However, applying the decision-making scenarios in an Excel linear optimization model, the study has revealed that by increasing the number of cities or countries involved in a particular humanitarian operation, decreases the overall logistical costs including transportation, prepositioned storage, etc. The proposed methodology provides a detailed decision support framework for humanitarian organizations operating in the region. The model adds important value to the literature as the proposed problem has no solution in the literature before.

Evaluating solutions to overcome humanitarian supply chain management barriers: A hybrid fuzzy SWARA – Fuzzy WASPAS approach

This study intends to explore humanitarian supply chain management barriers (HSCMBs) and evaluate solutions for overcoming these barriers to improve humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) implementation. This study aims to evaluate the solutions to overcome HSCMBs using a hybrid framework that consists of fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and a fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS). This study identifies 29 HSCMBs and 20 solutions to overcome these HSCMBs through a literature review and brainstorming session conducted among experts. Fuzzy SWARA is applied to compute the weight of HSCMBs and evaluate the relative importance of each HSCMB. Fuzzy WASPAS is applied to rank the solutions to overcome HSCMBs for efficient and effective HSCM implementation. The outcome of this study suggests that “Long term strategic planning for humanitarian operation” is the highest-ranked and most immediate solution, followed by “Collaboration, cooperation, and coordination among humanitarian supply chain actors” to overcome HSCMBs. Disaster relief aid agencies and stakeholders may focus on the solutions to overcome HSCMBs for effective humanitarian aid operations and to improve strategies of HSCM. This study helps humanitarian logisticians to formulate improved strategies for better operational performance in pre and post-disaster phases.

Refugees, Evacuees, and Repatriates: Biafran Children, UNHCR, and the Politics of International Humanitarianism in the Nigerian Civil War

Abstract:The Nigeria-Biafra war contributed to the rise of post-colonial moral interventionism, ushering in a new form of human rights politics. During the war, relief agencies evacuated 4,000 children from the conflict zones to Gabon and Côte d’Ivoire to protect them from the conflict. This was part of a broader international humanitarian airlift operation that brought relief supplies to the besieged Biafra territory. At the end of the war, most of the children were returned to their homes in Nigeria through an international humanitarian repatriation effort. Ibhawoh examines how state interests and the politics of international humanitarian interventionism manifested in debates about classifying and protecting displaced children, the most vulnerable victims of the conflict.

Anti-epidemic protection of military from malaria in South-East Asia (for the 15th anniversary of the humanitarian operation to eliminate the consequences of the tsunami in Indonesia)

The experience of organizing a system of anti-epidemic measures in the Russian military medical group operating on the territory of the island of Sumatra during the humanitarian operation to eliminate the effects of the tsunami in 2005 is presented. A characteristic of the consequences of a natural disaster, a climatogeographic description of the region is presented. The natural-climatic and socio-economic conditions for the spread of malaria infection in the coverage area of the Russian military medical group are analyzed. Russian military physicians acted in an equatorial climate in a zone of tropical rainforest in a highly endemic area for tropical (P. falciparum) and three-day (P. vivax) malaria, as well as for vector-borne tropical infections such as dengue fever, vuhereriosis, and brugiosis. Among the carriers of malaria parasites and other tropical infections on the territory of about. Sumatra mosquitoes Anopheles sundaicus are of the greatest epidemic importance. In 2005, their mass breeding occurred in late January - early February (1,5-2 months earlier than usual). A system of anti-malarial protection of personnel is described, aimed at reducing the risk of infection of military personnel, preventing the development of the disease and its malignant course, early detection of patients and their effective treatment. There were no cases of malaria among the Russian military personnel during their entire stay in the endemic territory. At the same time, the incidence rate among Indonesian soldiers and local residents was constantly increasing. In hospitals, the number of patients with severe forms of tropical malaria increased. Thus, the effectiveness of the developed system of anti- malarial measures among the military personnel involved in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations in the territory with a continuous season of transmission of malaria infection has been confirmed.