Humanitarian Factors Research Articles

Social and Humanitarian Factor in South Korea's External Relations and The Korean Question

The development of the socio-humanitarian dimension of world politics provides new opportunities for enhancing the role and influence of the middle powers in the global affairs. That is why for understanding and assessment of their political opportunities on the international arena, it is necessary to analyze the approaches and policies of such countries on using socio-humanitarian factor to balance in the existing world balance power and ensure their foreign policy interests. The aim of the article is to analyze South Korea’s activities in the social and humanitarian sphere of world politics in the context of its foreign policy interests. The research question is: what is the role of the socio-humanitarian factor, in particular public diplomacy, in the external activities of South Korea with regard to the settlement of the Korean question? The author argues that South Korea sees social and humanitarian sphere as a possibility to strengthen its role and influence on the international arena. While developing the discourse of South Korea as a middle power, the South Korean leadership seeks to take part in creating norms and rules in different fields of global governance. Despite controversies concerning its status and policy as that of a middle power, South Korea advances through public diplomacy the discourse that constructs and enhance its middle power status and can contribute in forming the corresponding national identity. South Korea uses national branding as well to strengthen its political image. Further, the article points out that promoting South Korea’s stance and defending its interests on the Korean Peninsula represent a key task of South Korea’s public diplomacy. In particular, the article examines South Korea’s public diplomacy mechanisms on the Korean track towards the United States and emphasizes that although South Korea has actively engaged in public diplomacy in the USA, it still has a lot to do to explain South Korea's concerns to American political elites and U.S. publics and ensure that the relationship with the United States fully serves South Korean interests. Moreover, it is noted that enhancing South Korea’s role in global governance as well as forming constructive unification discourse (unification as a process now and as a result someday in the future) within the country and abroad are supposed to expand its opportunities to maneuver in the regional politics of East Asia and provide support for the South Korean initiatives on the Korean settlement. In the end, the author turns to the inter-Korean relations. The author states that different South Korean administrations have prioritized different functions of the socio-humanitarian factor. Conservative administrations put an emphasis on information pressure on the DPRK while the development of inter-Korean relations was conditioned by the denuclearization of North Korea. Progressive administrations prefer engaging the DPRK in social, humanitarian and economic interactions. In the first case the result was a rollback in inter-Korean relations with the North Korean leader-ship receiving additional grounds for the development of its military nuclear program. In the second case the social and humanitarian area was and remains a dimension providing promising opportunities for cooperation that is beneficial to the both parties as it is aimed at solving specific and practical problems of common interest. In that sense, the author argues that social and humanitarian factor in inter-Korean relations could serve as a safety cushion during intensification of the inter-Korean conflict and provide a launch pad for finding a way out of the impasses.

Research of the influence of humanomics on the economic effect of compensation agreements

The object of research is the humanitarian context of offset policy, which is studied using the collection of evidence in the field of study-in the defense industry of Europe. One of the most problematic places in the sphere of trade in military goods is the humanitarian factor of economic relations, namely the influence of non-economic factors on the economic effect. The humanitarian aspect of economic relations led to a study of the foundations of the so-called «humanitarian economy» or «humanomics» as a moral and ethical category of economic relations, and military-technical cooperation, as a purely rational category of relations between producers, suppliers and importers of military products. The concept of «humanomics» is formed not so long ago, therefore this topic is not sufficiently disclosed in the literature, making research promising. During the study, the key concepts of the traditional and humanitarian economics, their dialectic unity, interpenetration and interconnection were revealed. In addition to studying the impact of compensation transactions on business processes in small and medium-sized enterprises, a special business model, the so-called compensation transaction model, is developed in this research. The model is based on a three-stage systematic approach: at the first stage, problems associated with compensation agreements at small and medium enterprises are identified, and at the second stage, empirical data are analyzed. At the latter, a theoretical model is proposed that is specially developed for practicing specialists and is tested using practically two specific cases. Thanks to the use of the proposed model, it is possible to support the implementation of compensation agreements at all levels of management, including planning, implementation of tasks and control. For the military-trade cooperation of Ukraine with other weapons-importing countries, offset models will contribute to deepening economic cooperation in the competition on the global arms and military equipment markets. Therefore, it is extremely important, while strengthening the humanitarian aspects of offset policy, at the same time actively developing and implementing mechanisms of competitive counteraction.

Sustained English lingua-cultural education: a solution for Ukraine

Ukraine, as a state striving to join on the parity basis the international community of developed and democratic countries, lacks some important prerequisites for achieving this goal. Besides several economic and political factors making obstacles for the desired achievement, of no lesser importance are the humanitarian factors, such as the monolingualism and monoculturalism of a substantial part of Ukrainian population. They preclude unimpeded mutual understanding and mutual acceptance, as well as free unimpeded contacts, between many Ukrainian citizens and their European counterparts. In this aspect, the solution for Ukraine can be found in sustained foreign language lingua-cultural education of the broadest strata of Ukrainian population that could open for the people a way out in what concerns their ability to communicate freely and fluently all through the Western European space sharing with the people living there not only the language of international communication but also the cultural approaches and beliefs. The article discusses the ways of developing such sustained (life-long) English lingua-cultural education for the young generation of new Ukraine. It analyzes the section of that education to be implemented at Ukrainian nonlinguistic tertiary schools with the aim of designing its efficient model.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ, ФАКТОРЫ И ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ НА РАЗВИТИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО–ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

Considering globalization as a modern phenomenon of society development is impossible without studying its influence on the development of socio–economic systems, which determines the need to study the prerequisites and factors of globalization itself. The article describes the scientific discussion on the definition of the stages of globalization and suggests the author's approach to their definition, which assumes the presence of a number of stages. The proposed study, based on the analysis of various theoretical approaches, identifies specific factors of globalization, grouped into seven groups: geopolitical factors, economic factors, technological factors, social factors, humanitarian factors, cultural factors and environmental factors. The authors of the article proceed from the assumption that these groups of factors characterize the area of manifestation of the influence of globalization on the development of socio–economic systems, while this influence can be both positive and negative in nature and is manifested in relation to both one and different socio-economic systems. According to the authors, the multidirectional influence of globalization can be manifested both in relation to the economy as a whole and individual economic agents. In general, positive manifestations of globalization at the macroeconomic level can be manifested by negative trends at the level of specific markets and business entities. The article notes the systemic nature of the influence of globalization processes on the development of socio–economic systems, the diverse and "all-pervading" nature of which leads to the transformation of these systems, their adaptation to changing conditions, which, in turn, leads to the acquisition or loss of any system characteristics.

Tourist poverty as a cultural and humanitarian determinant

Purpose. The aim of the article is improvement and complementation of theoretical aspects of the study of tourist poverty. Methodology of research. The following methods are used during the study: comparison - to determine the dynamics of outbound and domestic tourist flows of our state; systematic approach - when considering tourism poverty as a system that consists of a certain number of interrelated elements of both material and cultural-humanitarian nature and comprehensively influences the effectiveness of tourism development of the country; scientific abstraction - with the isolation in the phenomenon under study of a strong, stable, typical connection, which allowed to form in a generalized way the characteristic features and to determine the problems of cultural and humanitarian development. Findings. Tourist poverty of the population has been investigated for the purpose of revealing the connection with the educational sphere and with the sphere of cultural and humanitarian development of citizens. It is established that tourist poverty is not only related to material aspects, and requires close interaction with the educational environment. It has been proven that the result of tourist poverty is the tourist marginalization of the population. The characteristic features of tourist poverty from the point of view of material and worldview characteristics are highlighted. The problems of cultural development have been identified and the causes of cultural deconsolidation of society and the formation of tourist poverty have been identified. The ways of strengthening of unity in the society and overcoming the humanitarian-cultural tourist poverty are proposed. Originality. The author defines the concept of "tourist marginalization" - a process of reducing tourist activity due to economic and humanitarian factors, characterized by an increase in the number of citizens who do not participate in tourist activities, are socially passive, does not position itself with certain social groups, without clear identification groups or tourist interests that are included in tourist consumption due to media background agents. Practical value. The results of the study can be used to develop an effective national strategy for the cultural, humanitarian and tourism development of the state, which will ultimately prove to be a significant social effect. Key words: tourist poverty; social inequality; cultural and humanitarian development; cultural competence; cultural deconsolidation.

Integrating Operational and Organizational Aspects in Interdependent Infrastructure Network Recovery.

Managing risk in infrastructure systems implies dealing with interdependent physical networks and their relationships with the natural and societal contexts. Computational tools are often used to support operational decisions aimed at improving resilience, whereas economics-related tools tend to be used to address broader societal and policy issues in infrastructure management. We propose an optimization-based framework for infrastructure resilience analysis that incorporates organizational and socioeconomic aspects into operational problems, allowing to understand relationships between decisions at the policy level (e.g., regulation) and the technical level (e.g., optimal infrastructure restoration). We focus on three issues that arise when integrating such levels. First, optimal restoration strategies driven by financial and operational factors evolve differently compared to those driven by socioeconomic and humanitarian factors. Second, regulatory aspects have a significant impact on recovery dynamics (e.g., effective recovery is most challenging in societies with weak institutions and regulation, where individual interests may compromise societal well-being). And third, the decision space (i.e., available actions) in postdisaster phases is strongly determined by predisaster decisions (e.g., resource allocation). The proposed optimization framework addresses these issues by using: (1) parametric analyses to test the influence of operational and socioeconomic factors on optimization outcomes, (2) regulatory constraints to model and assess the cost and benefit (for a variety of actors) of enforcing specific policy-related conditions for the recovery process, and (3) sensitivity analyses to capture the effect of predisaster decisions on recovery. We illustrate our methodology with an example regarding the recovery of interdependent water, power, and gas networks in Shelby County, TN (USA), with exposure to naturalhazards.

ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ДОСВІД ПРОВІДНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ У ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННІ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННІ СТРУКТУР ЦИВІЛЬНО-ВІЙСЬКОВОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА (CIMIC)

The article briefly describes the history of the creation and functioning of Civil – Millitary Cooperation structures in the armies of the leading countries of the world. The concepts of civil-military cooperation in legal acts of defense strategy are justified Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, USA, Norway, the Netherlands, Ukraine and also NATO. It is shown that it is necessary to understand the concept of SIMIS in the context of military activities aimed at the reconstruction and modernization of the armed forces in the direction of close ties with the civilian side. The role of the Center is shown as a mechanism that allows creating prerequisites for solving the tasks, providing appropriate assistance to the civilian population and the successful conclusion of an armed conflict.Statement of the problem and the state of its research. In recent years, approaches to conflict resolution have changed and the legal requirements for their participants have been substantially revised. The international community is increasing the requirements for taking into account economic, social, religious, political, cultural and humanitarian factors when planning and conducting international peacekeeping operations. As international experience shows, the involvement of a wide range of civil institutions in the process of resolving an existing conflict contributes to the achievement of the common goal of resolving this armed conflict.The relevance of the research center, primarily due to the armed conflict in the East of Ukraine. The CWS system in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is relatively new and is constantly being improved. Theoretical and practical interest is the very functioning of such structures in the armies of foreign states, their features and differences from the Ukrainian system of the Central Military Council.Domestic researchers have already paid some attention to the problems of military-civilian cooperation, exploring information support, the system of training civil-military cooperation specialists, and civilian-military relations in the NATO countries. It is worth noting the articles of Yu. Kalagin, I. Koropatnik, S. Garkushi, N. Vasyukov, E. Titko, P. Tkachuk, V. Opryshko, I. Kuropatkin, A. Nozdrachev, A. Leshchenko, and also a number of collective works. However, the activity of the system of civil-military cooperation of the leading countries of the world is not fully investigated.The purpose of the article is to analyze the regulation of the activities of the structure of civil-military cooperation of the leading countries of the world with an explanation of the basic principles and tasks, where special attention is paid to the element of communication with the civilian element.

Neighboring Countries' Press Coverage of the Syrian Refugee Crisis: An Analytical Study of Lebanese "Ya-Sour", Jordanian "Al-Wakeel News" and Turkish "Turk Press"

Local and international media, in their various traditional and digital forms, have shed considerable light on the Syrian refugee crisis caused by the war that has engulfed their country since 2011. The nature and objectives of press coverage varied from one media to another, and from country to country, some of which were linked to political agendas (Zaaroor, 2018, Maharat Foundation, 2016), and others were linked to emotional and humanitarian factors (Alhayek, 2014). Syrian refugees were portrayed in different media settings (Ramasubramanian et al., 2018). The image of refugees in the Western press also differed from country to another (Berry et al., 2015, Efe, 2019). This crisis continues and so is the press coverage with considerable variation in attitudes and trends.This study aims to analyze how the most prominent news websites in neighboring countries i.e. Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey have covered the Syrian refugee crisis, by showing the interest of the Lebanese "Ya-sour", Jordanian "Al-Wakeel News" and Turkish "Turk Press" websites in the issues of the refugees, their complications, the highlighted aspects, and the position of these sites on the Syrian refugee crisis through the topics they focused on and the issues they prioritized.The study showed that the most important topics discussed were "security", "economy" and "politics" and the main focus was on "refugee impact on commodity prices", "difficult living conditions for refugees" and "refugee impact on the labour market". As for persuasion methods, it has been found that the "provocative" and "violent" methods were the most used in the examined press coverage. Keywords: Syrian Refugees, News Websites, Media discourse, Content analysis DOI : 10.7176/NMMC/80-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

Neighboring Countries' Press Coverage of the Syrian Refugee Crisis: An Analytical Study of Lebanese "Ya-Sour", Jordanian "Al-Wakeel News" and Turkish "Turk Press"

Local and international media, in their various traditional and digital forms, have shed considerable light on the Syrian crisis caused by the war that has engulfed their country since 2011. The nature and objectives of press coverage varied from one media to another, and from country to country, some of which were linked to political agendas (Zaaroor, 2018, Maharat Foundation, 2016), and others were linked to emotional and humanitarian factors (Alhayek, 2014). Syrian were portrayed in different media settings (Ramasubramanian et al., 2018). The image of in the Western press also differed from country to another (Berry et al., 2015, Efe, 2019). This crisis continues and so is the press coverage with considerable variation in attitudes and trends.This study aims to analyze how the most prominent news websites in neighboring countries i.e. Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey have covered the Syrian crisis, by showing the interest of the Lebanese Ya-sour, Jordanian Al-Wakeel and Turkish Turk Press websites in the issues of the refugees, their complications, the highlighted aspects, and the position of these sites on the Syrian crisis through the topics they focused on and the issues they prioritized.The study showed that the most important topics discussed were security, economy and politics and the main focus was on refugee impact on commodity prices, difficult living conditions for refugees and refugee impact on the labour market. As for persuasion methods, it has been found that the provocative and violent methods were the most used in the examined press coverage. Keywords: Syrian Refugees, News Websites, Media discourse, Content analysis DOI : 10.7176/NMMC/80-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

An empirical analysis of the determinants of agricultural official development assistance

The aim of this study was to analyse the determining factors of official development assistance (ODA) provided to the agricultural and food sectors. Lack of empirical research on this type of ODA makes this study stand out from the sea of qualitative approaches. By analysing the agricultural sectors and the views of aid recipient countries, this paper provides evidence-based explanations for the aid flows between donor and recipient countries. Using disbursement ODA data covering 141 countries over 2002–2012, we devise and estimate a gravity model. Heckman’s two-step approach is adopted to address a potential bias arising from the selection of aid recipient countries. The estimated results confirm that agricultural aid is mainly governed by the needs of the recipient countries with regard to factors such as undernourishment and food inadequacy rates, depth of food deficits and political circumstances. As expected, the results indicate that food aid is influenced mostly by humanitarian factors.

PIDANA MATI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM

Debatable of the death penalty actually based on the issue of justice, humanity and the prevention of the possibility of crime. The reasons for the rejection of the death penalty are not justified in the view of life as well as humanitarian factors and the imposition of capital punishment will not be able to prevent crime and reduce crime rates. But for those who agree with the imposition of capital punishment because of the sense of justice and peace that is in the community. The portrait is just a glimpse of the issue that colored the discourse on the pros and cons of the existence of capital punishment. Between the retensionist and the abilitionist against true the death penalty has an argument each based on his theoretical framework and norms. Indonesia as one of the countries with the European Continental legal system still apply the death penalty in punishment system beside Saudi Arabia with qhisash which applid in Islamic Law system. Both countries have a legal standing built on the meta norms, their theories and philosophies each of course has its own urgency to be discussed in the midst of countries that condemn the existence of capital punishment. Here's an article that analyzes comparative relation to the application of thedeath penaltyin both countries that embraces the different legal system, from this comparative study will contribute thoughts in the reform of criminal law in Indonesia.

Excuses! Excuses!: The Failure to Amend Britain’s Immigration Policy, 1942–1943

The British government’s wartime immigration policy was to refuse admission to anyone from Nazi-controlled territory unless they could prove that they were useful to the war effort. The Independent MP Eleanor Rathbone led the campaign to persuade the government to amend this policy so as to allow refugees into Britain on humanitarian rather than merely utilitarian grounds. Campaigners also pleaded with the government to do its utmost to rescue Jews and facilitate their entry into Palestine, the colonies and the dominions. This article presents the government’s reasons for refusing to recognize humanitarian factors as a basis for admitting Jews to Britain, and cites campaigners in their efforts to influence government policy. It seeks to question the myth that Britain’s response to the Jewish plight was as wonderful as is presented to the public.

Reasons for choosing to specialise in psychiatry: differences between core psychiatry trainees and consultant psychiatrists.

Aims and method This questionnaire study aimed to investigate the reasons for choosing to specialise in psychiatry in a sample of consultant psychiatrists and core trainee psychiatrists from within the West Midlands.Results Five reasons were significantly different between the core trainees and consultant psychiatrists. ‘Emphasis on the patient as a whole’ was identified as the most important reason for choosing to specialise for both core trainees and consultants. Six additional reasons were shared within the top ten ‘very important’ reasons, although their actual ranking varies.Clinical implications Some of the reasons for choosing to specialise in psychiatry were shown to significantly differ between core trainees and consultants. Numerous key driving factors have remained important over time for both groups, whereas other reasons have been replaced with a shift of importance towards lifestyle and humanitarian factors for core trainees. Consequently, it may be advisable not to use the reasons that consultants gave for choosing psychiatry when thinking about how to attract today's prospective psychiatrists.

СИСТЕМА ОСВІТИ В НІМЕЧЧИНІ ПРОТЯГОМ XVIII-XIX СТ.

The article discovers the development of an educational system and school types in Germany during the XVIII-XIX centuries. Main tendencies and development of primary, technical and higher schools, contribution of representatives of philosophical idea to the educational process were analyzed. The influence of German pedagogical education upon the Western European one, inasmuch as the educational level constitutes the intellectual condition of the state, social requirements of the society. The attention is focused upon the role of economical, socio-political, humanitarian factors in the development of education and science. The educational system of Germany became an important factor of national development of the XVIII-XIX centuries, consolidation of traditions and innovations of pedagogical school of XXI century.

COLLAPSE OF THE TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL CIVILIZATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS DAGESTAN AND POSSIBLE WAYS TO OVERCOME THE CRISIS

The aim is to analyze the current state of mountain agriculture in a crisis of traditional agricultural civilization based on terraced agriculture. Results and discussion. The introduction defines the concept of "innovation development" and the necessity of the institutional approach to identify and break the obstacles for the development of the agricultural sector in mountainous Dagestan. The following section provides a summary of the history of agricultural civilization in the mountainous Dagestan and proves the necessity of the inventory of resources before the adoption of the program of development of this region. Then, consecutively, it discusses the need for an inventory of land resources, vegetation resources (including genetic resources) and wildlife resources. Each section provides consistent guidance on inventory and further utilization of the resource. We discuss some of the conceptual approaches to the improvement of the agricultural sector, in particular branding the territory, promotion of horticulture areas in mid and high lands with new crops, the possibility of medicinal crop on terraced land. Conclusions. The findings discuss the impact of the humanitarian factor on the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative approaches for the development of the agricultural sector in the mountainous Dagestan.

The Strategic Docking between China and Middle East Countries under the “Belt and Road” Framework

The Middle East is the region bringing together the land and maritime Silk Road, coupled with its unique geographical location and diverse and complex humanitarian, religious and ethnic factors, no...

Framework for Evaluating Approaches to Poverty Alleviation

Management literature has experienced an increase regarding interest in poverty alleviation research because of the humanitarian factor involved in alleviating poverty and the associated social sta...

The Crisis of the Rohingya as a Muslim Minority in Myanmar and Bilateral Relations with Bangladesh

The Muslim Rohingya crisis has been disrupting the bilateral relations between Myanmar and Bangladesh since the late 1970s. This paper explores the crisis of Rohingya as a Muslim minority in Myanmar and their forced migration to Bangladesh where they took refuge causing disputes between Bangladesh and Myanmar in this regard. The Rohingya problem is seen as composed of various clusters of past and present human rights violations in Myanmar which has caused their forced migration to neighboring countries like Bangladesh contributing to non-traditional security crisis in the bilateral relations between Myanmar and Bangladesh. This study analyzes the local and international responses to manage and resolve the Rohingya problems as well. For understanding the nature of this problem, the forced migration of the Rohingya to Bangladesh and its internationalization process are also singled out. In addition, the approach proposed seeks to integrate developmental and humanitarian factors into the total picture of the Rohingya refugee problems within the framework of non-traditional security crisis. Bilateral negotiations between Bangladesh and Myanmar as well as democratization in Myanmar accelerated by the concerted efforts of the local and international communities can eventually bring about a durable solution to the Rohingya problems in Bangladesh–Myanmar relations.

The Spread of Violent Civil Conflict: Rare, State-Driven, and Preventable

The 2011 U.S. intervention in Libya was unusual in a number of respects. It was, for instance, one of the few American military interventions in which humanitarian factors played a major role in policymakers’ decision-making. In one respect, though, the intervention was part of a strikingly typical pattern in American foreign policy. The Libyan civil war was the latest in a long line of violent civil conflicts in which Washington intervened, in part, out of the fear that the conflict might soon spread to other states, destabilizing the entire region and leaving an even bigger mess for the international community to clean up later. In his March 28 address to the nation justifying the intervention, President Barack Obama said, “A massacre [in Benghazi] would have driven thousands of additional refugees across Libya’s borders, putting enormous strains on the peaceful — yet fragile — transitions in Egypt and Tunisia.” In other words, if the killing in Libya had not been contained, it might have spilled over into two neighboring countries that were themselves in the throes of (mostly nonviolent) political instability.

International Relations, Domestic Politics, and Asylum Admissions in the United States

What explains variation in U.S. asylum approval rates across countries of origin? Previous research has found that humanitarian factors and diplomatic relations play an important role in shaping asylum decisions. This article examines the impact of domestic politics. The authors find that media and congressional attention play an important role in influencing how the executive branch makes enforcement decisions. Popular attention to asylum increases the importance of humanitarian concerns relative to instrumental factors. The effect of congressional attention depends on whether asylum is seen as an enforcement or humanitarian issue. The importance of these factors has also changed over time.