Humanistic Aspects Research Articles

From Turnip to Onion: Humanities, Curiosities, and Anecdotes of Hallux Valgus.

We sought to highlight the humanistic aspect of hallux valgus. We conducted a bibliographic search between 2013 and 2017 of scientific, historic, and humanistic articles, in search of the anthropological dimension of hallux valgus. Museums and works of art by relevant painters were analzyed for the presence of hallux valgus. We showcase the linguistic origin of the terms related to hallux valgus, the evolution of its incidence depending on the footwear and social habits throughout history, the presence of hallux valgus in the work of great painters, and some other curiosities of this pathology. The knowledge of the humanistic aspect of pathologies we treat, if not imperative for its proper surgical resolution, can help to improve the understanding of them.

Emotional impact of COVID-19 preparations on metro and regional cancer workforces in Queensland Australia: "We are all in this together".

44 Background: Australia has achieved a “flattening of the curve” with a sustained COVID-19 roadmap to recovery in place. We explored the emotional impact of COVID-19 on our cancer workforce, during the preparation phase of the pandemic. Methods: We developed and pilot-tested an online survey to capture the emotional impact on cancer care staff during the COVID-19 health system response. Two large cancer centres were identified for study sample, one metropolitan and one regional, in Queensland, Australia. All cancer care staff with patient-facing roles were invited via all-staff email to participate on a weekly basis, uniquely also including ancillary and administrative workers. The final survey questionnaire included qualitative domains with open text responses for reflections on difficult decisions and subsequent emotional impacts. At the same time, a prospective diary of organizational developments was independently maintained by two investigators in order to contextualize changing survey responses over time. Qualitative data analyses by four investigators included independent, multiple cross-coding, memos, dataset review and member-checking to ensure methodological rigour. Data were synthesised into key themes utilising the Framework Method (Gale, 2013). Results: 117 metropolitan and 59 regional staff were surveyed over a 6-week period. Participants were medical, nursing, allied health, administrative and ancillary staff, working across inpatient and outpatient oncology services. Four key themes were emergent across the trajectory of the COVID preparation phase; ‘Strategies for protection’ (self-isolation, using PPE, protecting patients, families and each other), ‘Navigating rules and keeping up’ (compliance, exceptions, conflict and complex decision fatigue), ‘Tempered optimism’ (this is grief, strategies for coping, pride in one’s place), and ‘Framing the new normal’ (using new technology, second wave, uncertainty). At different time points, one theme dominated more than others. Conclusions: Despite rapid adaptations to system changes, staff responses highlight that it was their sense of connectedness that had the greatest influence on their reflections during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also underpinned the humanistic aspects of their responses. Staff perceptions of feeling supported and prepared, permeated through the duration of the survey. Results from the recovery phase are awaited.

308 - Personal protective factors in personal growth for nursing homes staff

IntroductionMost studies about nursing homes staff are based on deficit models and focused on risks factors, however, when appealing to protective factors or individual strengths the publications are scarce. People differ in individual characteristics, abilities or skills which may be protective when managing adversities. Engaging and resolving positively stressors and other adversities gives people a sense of achievement, satisfaction, and helps to their personal growth, being this expressed through a major tolerance, compassion, forgiveness, and hope.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether variables associated to the professionals (resilience, purpose in life, job content, job satisfaction and burnout) had a significant role in the personal growth of nursing homes staff in different job context situations (person-directed care and person-centred care).Method:187 professionals working in nursing homes participated in this study.Results:The results showed that personal growth was explained by purpose in life, person-centred care, burnout self-realization, personhood, management and resilience, predicting 66% of variance (F= 23,22; p≤.01).Conclusion:Individual variables of the staff predict personal growth, especially in person centred care. Personal growth has positive consequences on the caregiver but also on the care receiver. These results are consistent with the Person-Centered Care model that stresses the need of considering the humanistic aspects not only of the care-receiver but also of the caregiver.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant number PSI2016-79803-R).

PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT FORMATION AND PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE OF A LARGEST CITY IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article describes the features of the study of transport infrastructure, which is due to the transformation of socio-economic conditions that cause a change in the role and place of man in the modern world, diversify and lead to a rapid change in his needs in the material and spatial environment. All this determines the need to recon-sider the existing approaches to the architectural and spatial organization of the city environment. The formation of the architectural environment taking into account the different needs of different social groups became the main in architectural and urban planning. However, so far, unfortunately, very little attention is paid to the humanistic and artistic aspects of the formation of the material and spatial environment of modern man, containing the transport and pedestrian infrastructure of the city. Although these objects and problems of formation of the archi-tectural environment the citizen faces daily. New and rather complex problems caused by the action of scientific and technological progress and the development of motorization of the population, which can be formulated as «transport and city», «car and city», «architecture and transport», are becoming more and more important. Rapid spatial growth of cities, a multiple increase in the urban population and the area of built-up areas, extensive de-velopment of suburban areas raise both the problems of organizing transport systems and the problems of parking and storage of individual vehicles. As the territories develop with the help of the city's transport infrastructure, it is becoming increasingly clear that nature's resources are not coping with the extensive use of its lands. The total number of cars tends to increase significantly. Mass motorization creates a huge number of interre-lated problems: social; economic; environmental; sanitary and hygienic, etc. Large and largest cities, which were built in the early to mid-twentieth century in anticipation of the devel-opment of mainly public transport to serve passengers, are not designed to increase the growth of the fleet of indi-vidual vehicles. Individual vehicles are increasingly absorbing the open spaces of the city, making it difficult for people to come into contact with the natural environment. Today, cars are stored in the most inappropriate places: on sidewalks, lawns and even on playgrounds. The population of cities is increasingly feeling the crisis of the architectural environment, covering places for car storage, the inconvenience of using parking lots, the constant conflicts of movable and immovable vehicles. Street injuries are growing. The impact of vehicles, in particular their parking, often leads to the dehumanization of urban spaces, discomfort and the ecological crisis of the urban environment. Keywords: transport, transport and pedestrian infrastructure, modern city, humanization.

Implementation of Watson's Theory in a Patient with Breast Cancer: A Case Study

Introduction: Patients who are suffering from breast cancer have numerous problems. Watson's Theory of Human Caring seems to be proper in caring for these patients. This theory stresses the humanistic aspects of nursing as they interfere with scientific knowledge and nursing practice. This study implemented Watson's theory in preparing a Persian woman with breast cancer to accept the treatment process. Methods: In this case study, the patient was selected from the patients referring to a hospital in a city in Iran. Open-ended interview and observation were used to collect the required data. The process of the study was done in five stages. Results: After implementation of Watson's theory in a five-step interview, the patient's disappointment and despair were reduced and the patient agreed to continue the treatment process. Conclusions: Watson's theory of caring is likely to bring love and hope back to patients with breast cancer in bad physical and mental conditions. By applying 10 caring factors of this theory, a humanitarian relationship is established with the patient; this relationship is based upon love and hope. The patient is able to express her feelings and continue the treatment process by trusting God, applying her spirituality, and gaining supports from family and friends.

Patients as teachers and arts-based reflection in surgical clerkship: A preliminary exploration

Background Involving patients in medical education as teachers is not a novel approach, yet it has not been widely adopted by undergraduate surgical curricula in Canada. The Patients as Teachers initiative in surgery (PAT) program, with an arts-based reflection assignment, was developed for surgical clerks with the goals of emphasizing patient-centredness in surgical practice, humanistic aspects of medicine, and to counterbalance the commonplace emphasis on technical competency in surgery. Methods Qualitative data was collected exploring the question: What was the experience and impact of the PAT program on patient teachers and students? Patient teachers (n = 5) were invited to participate in one-on-one interviews and students (n = 46) were invited to participate in focus groups at the end of the program. Results Findings converged around two main themes: what students/patient teachers valued about the PAT program and what they perceived was learned. While patient teachers felt a sense of emotional healing and appreciated a chance to contribute to medical education, students valued having protected time to learn in depth from the patient teachers. Students also begrudgingly came to appreciate the arts-based reflection assignment. Conclusion By bringing patient voice to the forefront and encouraging reflection, the PAT program emphasized to students the compassionate and humanistic side of surgical care. Future studies could examine the mechanisms by which learning occurs and long-term impacts.

The Civilizational Discourse Concept According to Islamic and Western Perspectives: A Comparative Analysis

Civilization discourse is an alternative to the clash of civilizations. It is a form of positive interaction between civilizations that can lead to peace, cooperation and progress for all parties. Hence, surely there are similarities or differences in the perspective of all parties concerned about this concept because of differences in the fundamentals and sources held by these parties. This study intended to determine the extent of these similarities and differences in the civilization discourse concept according to Islamic and Western perspectives. This study was qualitative in nature and applied the content analysis approach. Findings show that similarity in values found in this concept was consistent with human instinct and humanistic values. However, differences that exists are from the source of this concept, which according to the Islamic perspective, involves certain laws because it is based on divine revelation from Allah SWT, while the West sees it solely from ethical and humanistic aspects.

Pluralism as an antidote to epistemic violence in psychological research

The debate on objectivist versus relativist epistemologies in psychology and their relation to “othering” should consider a third stance that espouses epistemic pluralism. In order to understand the human experience, we must simultaneously explore the universal–humanistic, cultural, and idiographic aspects of the individual. Each of these aspects entails a different epistemic stance (objective, intersubjective, and subjective) and each assigns different meanings to “othering.” In addition, a pragmatic epistemology that posits “progressivism” as its sole agenda risks the epistemic violence of discounting other sets of values and moral foundations that matter to many (often othered) people. Additional steps are needed in order to truly diversify psychological study.

Humanistic education in surgery: a "patient as teacher" program for surgical clerkship.

Surgeons are frequently perceived by medical students to be uncompassionate, resolute and individualistic. Surgical education often prioritizes teaching and learning approaches that perpetuate these perceptions. In other specialties, engaging patients in education has shown promise in refocusing attention from the technical and procedural aspects of care toward the humanistic and social aspects. Despite proven favourable outcomes for both patients and students in many clinical areas, a "patient as teacher" approach to surgical education has yet to be adopted widely in Canada. A patient as teacher program was developed for surgical clerks at the University of Toronto with the goal of emphasizing the humanity of the patient, the psychosocial impact of a surgical diagnosis of breast cancer on patients and their families, and the social and humanistic roles for surgeons in providing patient-centred care. We report on the program's development process and pilot session.

On the problem of preserving the cultural-humanistic measurement of innovative education

The leading trend in innovative education is technologization. It is generally welcomed and purposefully implemented. There are much fewer people who are not afraid to discuss the contradiction: this process is due to the diminution of its cultural and humanistic aspects. Deprived of a value character, education ceases to fulfill a social role in the development of man as a person. Unlimited technologization turns it into programming, until the trainees reach an “expanded consciousness”, when they may not know anything: “everything is in the computer”. The preservation of the cultural and humanistic dimension of education presupposes the reproduction of all forms of culture in it. School and university should not a cognitive robot, even if innovative, but a personality. Technologization is required, but it must be dosed and regulated in order to preserve upbringing and education.

Paracetamol as a basic component of a modern approach to adequate perioperative analgesia

The problem of adequate perioperative anesthesia is one of the most pressing in the current health care system, given its medical, humanistic and socio-economic aspects. Currently, the standard of postoperative analgesia is multimodal analgesia (MMA). One of the major and required components of MMA is paracetamol, which has antipyretic and analgesic effects with limited peripheral anti-inflammatory activity. Most authors consider intravenous paracetamol as a base drug in a multimodal analgesia strategy for a variety of surgical interventions, which reduces the need for opioids and reduces the side effects of the latter, which in turn significantly affects the results of treatment and the length of hospital stay.Numerous studies in many countries have created a broad evidence base for the clinical use of this drug. Due to its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, it has been shown that intravenous paracetamol has several advantages over oral and rectal forms: early and more effective onset of analgesia and stable maintenance of the therapeutic dose of paracetamol are explained by the formation of a faster and higher peak in the concentration of the drug. The side effects of using paracetamol can be compared with placebo. The mechanism of action of the drug is different from the mechanism of action of NSAIDs, however, is still not fully understood. It may possibly involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase, cannabinoid, or nitric oxide pathways in the central nervous system. Intravenous paracetamol is a safe and effective first-line drug for the treatment of moderate pain in the perioperative period.

Disconnections between medical education and medical practice: A neglected dilemma

ABSTRACT Medical practice has changed profoundly over the past 60 years. Many changes have also been made in medical education, often with a view to countering adverse aspects of highly specialised, commercialised and bureaucratised modern medical practice. Regardless of the state of the world today and of the variety of changes that may occur in the years ahead, excellence in the application of bedside skills and technological advances, accompanied by excellence in humanistic aspects of caring for patients as people, will remain preeminent goals at the heart of medical practice. Powerful social forces that negatively influence practice cannot be counteracted through changes in medical education alone and need to be addressed directly within health systems. Shifting healthcare towards a valued social service is arguably essential for improving both public and individual health through more widespread universal access to high quality and effectively integrated health care.

An integrated humanities\u2013social sciences course in health sciences education: proposed design, effectiveness, and associated factors

BackgroundPrevious research has not provided enough direction regarding effective content design of courses integrating the humanities and social sciences in medical and dental education. This study aims at exploring how an Integrated Medical/Dental Humanities–Social Medicine/Dentistry course may be designed; how effective it may be in terms of student growth in knowledge, attitudes, skills, and aspirations; and associated factors.MethodsThe course was designed by distilling commonalities in the international standards for medical/dental education proposed by seven major health organizations. This analysis resulted in a curriculum covering nine major topics: history, professionalism, communication, ethics, management, policy, insurance, law, and research methodology. During the 2017 calendar year, data was collected and statistically analyzed from 68 third-year pre-doctoral students enrolled in the resulting MDHS 13-week course.ResultsParticipants showed growth in skills, aspirations, knowledge, and attitudes, with the greatest change occurring in skills, then aspirations, knowledge, and attitudes. Knowledge growth was the only variable significantly related to student achievement of course objectives (β = 0.635, t (63) = 3.394, p = 0.001). The topics that students perceived as most critical were insurance, policy, management, and law. The perceived importance of research was most common among participants and was significantly related to all learning outcomes (For knowledge, β = 0.213, t (63) = 2.203, p = 0.031; for attitudes, β = 0.784, t (63) = 10.257, p = 0.000; for skills, β = 0.769, t (63) = 9.772, p = 0.000; and aspirations β = 0.639, t (63) = 7.595, p = 0.000).ConclusionsThis study proposed a framework for humanities-social sciences education in health sciences education and analyzed its implementation. The empirical evaluation of its effectiveness and factors related to successful outcomes found that students perceived gains in their knowledge, attitudes, skills, and aspirations for humanistic and social aspects of dentistry/medicine. In addition, their recognition of the importance of research was associated with the greatest growth in all four learning outcomes. This study may contribute to the improved design of integrated humanities–social sciences courses.

Towards development and validation of scale for ethical decision-making model in marketing

PurposeThis paper aims to develop and validate scale for ethical decision-making model in marketing that confirms religious–humanistic approach with special reference to ethical philosophy in Islam. Synthesized model of Ferrell and Gresham contingency framework for ethical decision-making in marketing and Al-Ghazali’s ethical philosophy are considered as theoretical background of this study.Design/methodology/approach“Content validity test” and “factor analysis” are used to refine measurement items and define as well as validate the scale, respectively. A total of 362 samples were collected from Islamic banking practitioners in the United Arab Emirates.FindingsItem scale of the constructs comprised in the conceptual model defined and validated by using content validity test (CVT). Underlying theoretical dimensions of the constructs were extracted through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and evidence of validation of scale/construct reported through CFA.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of this paper is limited to development and validation of scale. Future studies are suggested to use the newly validated scale/construct in descriptive model, and examine the hypotheses prescribed in the model. Further, explanations on theoretical background of this paper is limited as the main objective of this paper is to statistically validate the conceptual model adopted.Practical implicationsProper application of validated scale of ethical decision-making model in marketing should enable concerned authorities of marketing department to gauge and understand the ethical aspects of individuals in the organizations. Apparently, apprehension of ethical perception of workforces in organizations should benefit in enhancing competence and minimize the costs from unethical behaviour, and, thus, better governance in whole level of management.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an initial attempt to develop and validate the scale of ethical decision-making model in marketing that accommodates both religious and humanistic aspects into a single model to examine the decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of individuals in organizations.

NATIVE CULTURE AS SPIRITUAL PROTECTION OF PERSONALITY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

The problem of preserving national consciousness, ethnic identity and spiritual stability of the individual under the conditions of globalization is considered. In the twentieth century, globalization became a kind of challenge to the individual and to the humanity as a whole, since it put each country in the need to preserve its own identity, because it threatened the existence of peoples as national communities. The article focuses on the problem of preserving national identity as a spiritual protection of the individual, in particular, it stresses the issues what modern higher school can do for this purpose while teaching and educating a young man. Scientists who study this problem in the humanitarian sphere mainly distinguish its humanistic and anthropocentric aspects, which, in fact, are of most interest to the author. Therefore, cherishing the value of each individual who is a member of the national community is the first idea that should be strengthened in modern educational space. For a long time, the formation of the Ukrainian nation and its mentality, independence, democratic principles of life have been fundamental principles for our people, indeed, they are the security sphere in the assimilation processes that do accompany globalization. The formation of the consciousness of a person who knows and understands these principles will probably be successful provided that all the achievements of the Ukrainian culture and language, i.e. the concepts that have always played an extremely important role in the mentality of our people. Several directions to educate a modern citizen and specialist are distinguished, namely: under the conditions of globalization and its distribution, to use the content and technologies of global education not only in the way of the unique multiculturalism, but also to develop it in order to strengthen the national consciousness in understanding the value of own culture in the multicultural world; to emphasize the need to integrate national culture in the context of European and world one, as it is self-sufficient, extremely interesting, original, and due to its culture Ukraine can make itself known to the world; to instill aesthetic culture for cadets and students, to develop aesthetic tastes, inter-est in national and world cultural heritage, thereby, influencing the formation of emotional intelligence; to use all avail-able means of media education which provide almost unlimited opportunities to study academic disciplines and to get acquainted with the cultural educational materials of the virtual space, etc.It is emphasized that higher education should actively teach and educate not a marginal person, but a highly educat-ed, conscious intellectual, who, being a highly skilled specialist a particular industry, will also become a worthy citizen of his / her State, as well as a cultural personality. A powerful tool for such formation is the humanitarian academic disci-plines, in particular, «Ukrainian language and culture», which are taught according to the curricula of all the specialties.

Interpreting the humanistic space of urban-rural interface using consumption behaviors

The Urban-rural interface is a transitional geographic space, bordering between urban and rural areas and experiencing intensive flows of material, energy and information, in terms of goods, money, people, data and ideas. This interface can be viewed as a physical space exhibiting climatic, topographical, soil, hydrological and bioecological properties, and more importantly, as a humanistic space exhibiting social, cultural and economic properties. Consumption behaviors are humanistic properties that can be viewed as an integration of social, cultural and economic conditions and interactions in a specific human geographic space. Interpreting the humanistic aspects of border areas using consumption behaviors is a type of macro space interpretation stemming from a microcosmic perspective. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey from 1166 households in Gongyi City, Henan Province, China, and used interactive geographic detectors to explore the humanistic aspects of the urban-rural interface using residents' consumption behaviors. Our results revealed that the spatial patterns delineated by consumption behaviors, a humanistic property influenced more by other humanistic properties, were similar to the spatial patterns delineated by land use, a humanistic property influenced more by other physical properties. However, there were some differences or inconsistencies between the delineated humanistic and physical spaces, indicating that social and economic developments are not occurring at the same pace in places where similar physical conditions prevail. Our results also revealed that differences in consumer consumption behaviors among residents of the urban-rural interface are influenced by complex interactions of economic, social, and spatial factors. We concluded that emphasizing the optimization of humanistic spaces, in addition to the improvement of physical spaces, is essential in enhancing the sustainable development of urban-rural interface. Our results showed that interactions between these factors are promoted by the additive effects of the urban-rural interface and these interactions in turn strengthen the interpretation power of these factors. Such synergistic effects are most evidently reflected by the interactions between spatial factors and economic and social factors.

Eléments pour l’ébauche d’une socio-histoire du groupe professionnel infirmier. Un fil conducteur : la formation des infirmières et de leurs cheffes

This article retraces some of the dynamics of the nursing occupational group since its advent at the end of the nineteenth century in France. The guiding thread we will follow is the evolution of the institutional education of nurses and senior nurses. Adopting a socio-historical approach will enable us to understand this intricate process. It takes the form of struggles between different and even opposing views of "the modern nurse." Each view puts forward its own education and socialization model. The constitution of a new segment - that of senior nurses - was a first step toward the group's self-governance. Over time, the professional group would strategically adhere to and combine many kinds of ideologies (such as the humanist aspects of care, the biomedical vision of a nurse's work, or managerial guidelines). Our work is based on a PhD thesis defended in 2018 and on various surveys conducted within both training institutions and hospitals.

The role of the Titian path as accessibility in the marginal housing on the water at Kampung Karabba and Marbor, Buloa-Tallo

Start Street is an important means of transportation in a residential neighbourhood. Housing built on aquatic environment generally uses of transportation in the form of a wooden bridge that serves as a street by the local community called Titian/Tete. Titian in kampung Karabba and Marbor Tallo district has a poor condition as street access. From its size, material and social role, the existing titian is less able to accommodate its role as a means of transportation. The objective of the study is to explore the local street facilities in various aspects, namely the role of the titian in the social life of the community and humanistic aspect. This research method uses a qualitative exploratory research method field (A Qualitative Exploratory Research) based on field data exploration (field observation). The result is that from the aspect of the size dimension of the titian does not qualify as a path, from the very material range to the climate and unsafe, from the socialistic aspects of the cattle, can play a role as the control of village security as well as the increasing social interaction of the community.

Humanistički aspekti arhitekture u traktatima Frančeska di Đorđa Martinija

Humanistički aspekti arhitekture u traktatima Frančeska di Đorđa Martinija

Humanistic aspects of project management

Humanistic aspects of project management