Human Trafficking Cases Research Articles

PAROKI RAMAH ANAK SEBAGAI WUJUD DIAKONIA GEREJA TERHADAP PERSOALAN HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The Catholic Church pays full attention to efforts to eradicate human trafficking that affects children Catholic Church pays full attention to efforts to eradicate human trafficking that affects children and women. The Church realizes that human trafficking is a humanitarian issue that must be handled seriously. Humans, including children and women, are the image of God and have the same dignity as all people. This concern is a form of Church diakonia, namely serving and protecting the small and weak. One of the Church's efforts is realized through a child-friendly parish program. A child-friendly parish is a pastoral program that prioritizes children to grow integrally as members of the Church. The approach used to obtain information about child-friendly parish programs is qualitative, using interview and observation methods. From this research it is concluded that the child-friendly parish program as a form of Church diakonia has not been fully understood and realized in parish life. So at the end of this article the author states several responsibilities of the Church as a form of Church diakonia in relation to human trafficking cases and offers several practical efforts that can be made by the Church to improve the quality of Church services to children through child-friendly parish programs.

Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang Dalam Perspektif Kejahatan Lintas Negara

Regulations regarding cases of cross-border human trafficking in Indonesia have long existed and were confirmed with the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1979. Based on Law Number 7 of 1984 concerning Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. This was then strengthened by the passing of Law no. On the 21st of 2007, legislation was passed to eradicate the crime of human trafficking. Compliance with the Palermo Protocol and the implementation of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking is expected to increase legal protection for victims of transnational human trafficking, especially women.

On Some Issues of Judicial Practice in Human Trafficking Cases

Human trafficking continues to be one of the serious problems of the modern world community. The authors made an attempt on the basis of a comprehensive study (legal analysis of the composition of human trafficking and the study of judicial practice) to identify problematic issues when considering cases of this category, in order to ensure uniform approaches and develop a legal position. Eighteen sentences posted in the public domain in the Judicial Cabinet service, reviewed by the country's courts from 2015 to 2022, were studied. The data of official statistics are analyzed, the latency of crimes related to human trafficking is noted. The “facets” of human trafficking as a legal phenomenon in the history of national criminal legislation are traced. As possible ways to increase the effectiveness of countering trafficking in persons, as well as bringing domestic legislation into line with international law, it is proposed to include in the dispositions of Articles 128, 135 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan an indication of the methods of committing crimes, differentiate the composition of trafficking in persons and trafficking in minors depending on the nature and purpose of the actions committed, systematically summarize judicial practice in cases of about human trafficking.

Empowering School Nurses: Enhancing Child Trafficking Awareness and Preparedness in American Public Schools.

Child trafficking poses a momentous public health threat to students in public schools. Although school nurses are exceptionally positioned to identify and respond to trafficking, most lack training and resources in this critical area. This project aimed to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention on school nurse preparedness and practices related to child trafficking in an Oklahoma public school district. The project involved Unbound Now's nationally accredited training program for school nurses, implementation of the Fuentes et al.'s Toolkit for Building a Human Trafficking School Safety Protocol (HTSSP) funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and facilitation of a roundtable discussion to initiate community collaboration. The results of the pretraining Fraley and Aronowitz School Nurses' Awareness and Perceptions Survey (SNAPS) illuminated variations in school nurses' knowledge and awareness of child trafficking, demonstrating the need for continued training. Post-training evaluations exhibited highly positive feedback, suggesting its effectiveness in meeting the training's objectives. Following the community stakeholder roundtable, the lead school nurse employed the HTSSP toolkit and directed efforts in successfully constructing and implementing a district-wide policy of procedures to respond to suspected cases of human trafficking. However, the project's limitations include a small sample and a single-school district focus. Despite these limitations, this project delivers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for enhancing school nurse preparedness in addressing trafficking. This project serves as a foundation for future initiatives to improve students' safety and wellbeing in public schools.

Application of forensic analysis methods in the field of investigation of recruitment of people for sexual slavery abroad

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the human trafficking problem, with a focus on sexual exploitation as one of the main forms of this crime. The author examines this issue from various aspects, particularly through the lens of statistical data, legislative norms, and investigative methods. Special attention is given to the situation in Ukraine, where human trafficking, exacerbated by the full-scale war with Russia, remains an extremely relevant and complex problem. Prior to the conflict, Ukraine ranked 49th among 167 countries in the prevalence of modern slavery. However, due to recent events, the scale and prevalence of this crime have significantly increased. Utilizing statistical data from the National Police of Ukraine, the article points out the high latency of this crime and the significant proportion of sexual exploitation among human trafficking cases. In the context of legal regulation, the author analyzes international and national normative acts that prohibit slavery and human exploitation. In particular, attention is drawn to Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the relevant articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The article describes how human trafficking is conducted both at the national and transnational levels, with an emphasis on the difficulties of detection and investigation of such crimes due to their hidden nature. It is noted that the investigation of such crimes requires the use of two methods of inquiry: information from witnesses and victims, which can be less effective, and data from operational-search activities, which provides maximum efficiency. For investigating offenses related to sexual exploitation abroad, criminal analysis methods are used, including the analysis of connections, events, departmental, and open-source information. The author emphasizes the importance of using innovative technologies, particularly artificial intelligence and multimodal models based on machine learning, for more effective detection and counteraction of the crime of human trafficking. It is underscored that such technologies can complement traditional investigative methods, providing the ability to better analyze collected information and identify potential victims and criminals. The author of the article calls for attention to and resolution of the human trafficking problem in Ukraine and emphasizes the necessity of adhering to international and internal norms to combat this crime.

Forensic Nursing in Human Trafficking Cases: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Forensic Nursing in Human Trafficking Cases: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Justice Connectivity in the Criminal Prosecution of Human Trafficking

Introduction: The involvement of members of the army of the Republic of Indonesia and The Police of the Republic of Indonesia became a special obstacle in the handling of human trafficking cases. The difficulties are due to the existence of special regulations governing the courts applicable to members of the Indonesian army who commit criminal acts.Purposes of the Research: The case may be dealt with in conjunction with a criminal offense of trafficking in persons, given that the offense has fulfilled the element of involvement (also, deelneming) or jointly (mede dader) between a civilian and a person with military status in the criminal offense of trafficking.Methods of the Research: The research used normative jurisprudence, focusing on primary legal material such as Act No. 21 of 2007 on Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, Law No. 31 of 1997 on Military Justice, and Law No. 2 of 2002 on the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. The research was descriptive-analytical, interpreting the law according to its context and analyzing its results in a qualitative, descriptive manner. Secondary legal material included publications on human rights protection, particularly those relating to women and children. The fact approach was used to study human trafficking facts and provide critical analysis. Library documents, books, and journals were also analyzed. Data analysis involved document study techniques and qualitative analysis, with the results and author's analysis of relevant theories.Results of the Research: The article addresses the Indonesian Army and Police's involvement in human trafficking offenses, emphasizing the intricacies and problems of prosecuting such instances. The author believes that the judicial system must promote justice and openness in such circumstances. The Indonesian legal system recognizes both military and civilian jurisdiction over crimes committed by military personnel, but implementation gaps cause uncertainty and delays in judicial processes. Handling crimes involving several institutions necessitates close teamwork, particularly among the Indonesian army and police. The mechanism to facilitate collaborative processing of human trafficking cases is connectedness justice, which decides which court has the authority to punish members of the Indonesian army for human trafficking.

Justice Connectivity in the Criminal Prosecution of Human Trafficking

Introduction: The involvement of members of the army of the Republic of Indonesia and The Police of the Republic of Indonesia became a special obstacle in the handling of human trafficking cases. The difficulties are due to the existence of special regulations governing the courts applicable to members of the Indonesian army who commit criminal acts.Purposes of the Research: The case may be dealt with in conjunction with a criminal offense of trafficking in persons, given that the offense has fulfilled the element of involvement (also, deelneming) or jointly (mede dader) between a civilian and a person with military status in the criminal offense of trafficking.Methods of the Research: The research used normative jurisprudence, focusing on primary legal material such as Act No. 21 of 2007 on Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, Law No. 31 of 1997 on Military Justice, and Law No. 2 of 2002 on the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. The research was descriptive-analytical, interpreting the law according to its context and analyzing its results in a qualitative, descriptive manner. Secondary legal material included publications on human rights protection, particularly those relating to women and children. The fact approach was used to study human trafficking facts and provide critical analysis. Library documents, books, and journals were also analyzed. Data analysis involved document study techniques and qualitative analysis, with the results and author's analysis of relevant theories.Results of the Research: The article addresses the Indonesian Army and Police's involvement in human trafficking offenses, emphasizing the intricacies and problems of prosecuting such instances. The author believes that the judicial system must promote justice and openness in such circumstances. The Indonesian legal system recognizes both military and civilian jurisdiction over crimes committed by military personnel, but implementation gaps cause uncertainty and delays in judicial processes. Handling crimes involving several institutions necessitates close teamwork, particularly among the Indonesian army and police. The mechanism to facilitate collaborative processing of human trafficking cases is connectedness justice, which decides which court has the authority to punish members of the Indonesian army for human trafficking.

A Legal Protection Model For Handling Human Trafficking in West Kalimantan Border

<em>Although it is a highly serious human crime, people trafficking still occurs, particularly in West Kalimantan's border region. West Kalimantan's border region has seen a variety of attempts to reduce human trafficking, yet the practice persists still. There is a need for a solution or model that can lessen instances of human trafficking in the West Kalimantan border region, carried out so that the parties involved are unaware of it.This study aims to develop an appropriate model for legal protection to deal with human trafficking at the border West Kalimantan. Methods of the Research<strong>, </strong>The research will be conducted at the Polres in the Sajingan and Biawak border regions, as stated in the research title. The Sajingan Besar sector's Resort Police and Border Communities are two sources of crime prevention strategies based on legal requirements, The study's findings serve as a model for public protection from human trafficking activities from the perspective of the role of law enforcement officials, the police in the border regions of Sajingan and Biawak, in particular, to combat the crime of trafficking in persons, conduct investigations, and look into cases of human trafficking that happened in the border regions of Sambas Regency, particularly Sajin. The criminal law (penal) is used by the authorities as a model of legal protection to stop human trafficking. However, there is still human trafficking that takes place. Because there are still several barriers to sentencing that do not take into account the elements of a crime. The unlawful behavior in place does not yet constitute the TIP factor. Using criminal law policies and cultural norms to carry out criminal crimes like human trafficking, protecting the public, and implementing coordination with illegal law enforcement policies all help to enhance efforts to combat corruption</em>

Enforcement of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Women

Cases of human trafficking in Indonesia are currently very widespread. Apart from being used as sexual exploitation in Indonesia, the most common cases of human trafficking in Indonesia are cases of prostitution where people are trafficked in providing sexual services that can be ordered online. This of course creates unrest among the wider community. There are so many cases of human trafficking in cyberspace that occur and of course many of these cases have not been revealed because apart from the performance of law enforcement officers, it is also due to the inadequate legal regulations and criminal sanctions in dealing with human trafficking cases in cyberspace. cyberspace. The provisions in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Human Trafficking do not regulate in detail all aspects regarding sanctions, elements and other matters regarding human trafficking. in cyberspace, both from Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking and it is felt necessary to revise or further refine existing regulations so that later criminal sanctions can be imposed. These regulations can be used as a countermeasure. In this research, researchers try to examine the case of Decision Number 841/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn and Decision Number: 180/Pid.Sus/2016/PN Psp, Decision Number 841 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn and in the research This time, researchers tried to examine the case of Decision Number 841/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mdn and Decision Number: 180/Pid.Sus/2016/PN Psp, Decision Number 841 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN Mdn with the defendant named Mujiono alias Edak is an entrepreneur whose address is Hamlet III, Liberia Village, Kec. Mengkudu Bay District. Serdang Bedagai. The public prosecutor has submitted the defendant to trial on the charge of declaring that the defendant MUJIONO als EDAK has been legally and convincingly proven to have committed a criminal act ", who carried out recruitment, for the purpose of exploiting said person in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia" as regulated and punishable by crime in Article 2 of the Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking.

“I Always Screen for a T Visa”: The Role of Legal Representatives in Supporting Human Trafficking Victims

ABSTRACT The T visa was created to protect immigrant victims and to strengthen law enforcement’s ability to investigate human trafficking cases. Yet, there is limited information on the process of obtaining these visas. The current study sought to fill this gap by interviewing six legal representatives in Nebraska who have assisted 22 foreign national trafficking victims from Latin America. This project addresses UN Sustainable Development Goal 16 (promoting just, peaceful and inclusive societies) by assessing how our T visa policy can protect vulnerable individuals from harm. Findings highlight the importance of law enforcement certification, challenges in filing the T visa application, and hardships if the T visa is not granted. Representatives noted that individuals who were approved were able to obtain employment and enroll in school. Other victims were still waiting on the results of their filed application, were still in consultations, or had been denied – resulting in uncertainty or deportation. Overall, the T visa was seen as an effective tool for responding to trafficking when it was successful. However, obtaining approval is an onerous task that can take substantial time and resources to meet all criteria. It will be important for future research to continue to explore the T visa process and outcomes.

Law enforcement training on child trafficking: Engaging all stakeholders

Abstract Since the passage of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act in 2000, there have been rapid changes in the criminal justice and juvenile justice systems’ ability to identify, investigate, and prosecute cases of human trafficking and work effectively with survivors. Law enforcement officers are often the first to encounter victims, and their training in this area is critical. While trainings have expanded, they are still missing in many jurisdictions and are understudied. The impact of a 2-day, interdisciplinary, skill-based, and victim-centred child trafficking in-service training is evaluated via regression analysis of pre–post surveys with 187 participants. Results indicate that the training significantly improved both perceived trafficking-related knowledge and self-efficacy. Implications for policing and research include expanding and deepening skill-focussed interdisciplinary child sex trafficking training for law enforcement personnel that engages multiple stakeholders, including trafficking survivors.

Возможности использования данных о лице, совершившем преступление, при расследовании торговли людьми

In contemporary society, the fight against human trafficking has become a significant global issue. Human trafficking is considered a highly latent crime, often perpetrated by organized transnational criminal groups (organizations). Consequently, law enforcement agencies face certain challenges in detecting, investigating, and preventing these crimes. Addressing these issues can be facilitated by the competent use of criminalistic characteristics by law enforcement personnel. The aim of this study is to analyze the practice of investigating criminal cases of human trafficking and to examine the element of the criminalistic characteristics of human trafficking, specifically the data on the individual who committed the crime. Methodological Basis: To achieve this goal, the author employed the dialectical method, as well as a range of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition (analysis, comparison, analogy, systemic method, etc.). Results: Based on the analysis of empirical material (statistics from the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation over the past five years, as well as the practice of investigating criminal cases in the Russian Federation under Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), the author attempts to construct a descriptive model of the individual committing human trafficking. Conclusions: In the Russian Federation, the detection, solvability, and prosecution of human trafficking crimes committed by organized criminal groups remain at a relatively low level. It appears that improving the specific methodology for investigating human trafficking, particularly by constructing a criminalistic model of the individual committing the crime as stipulated in Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, may help address this problem.

Diagnosis Challenges when Substance Use and Trauma are Part of the Narrative: An Examination of Human Trafficking Cases Among Women and Critical Points of Learning for the Mental Health Community

Diagnosis Challenges when Substance Use and Trauma are Part of the Narrative: An Examination of Human Trafficking Cases Among Women and Critical Points of Learning for the Mental Health Community

Challenges in Protecting Trafficking Victims' Rights in Indonesia

This research focuses on the critical analysis of legal frameworks in Indonesia concerning the protection of witnesses and victims in human trafficking cases, scrutinizing the effectiveness and challenges from a perspective of dignified justice. Emphasizing the need for a fair judiciary system, the study delves into the implementation of existing laws and regulations related to the rights and protection of witnesses and victims in Trafficking in Persons (TPP) cases. Employing a normative legal methodology, the research extensively analyzes national and international norms and legal materials, including comparisons between national laws and international conventions such as the Palermo Protocol. Findings reveal that inadequate understanding and awareness among law enforcement about the significance of these rights, coupled with resource constraints, result in identity rights violations for witnesses and victims. Furthermore, challenges such as the perceived threats to witnesses and victims, limited human and financial resources in law enforcement agencies, legal uncertainties in TPP case handling, insufficient international cooperation in law enforcement, and the difficulty in balancing the rights of victims and defendants are identified. The study also highlights the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration policies for victims, suggesting that successful combat against human trafficking transcends judicial processes. Consequently, this research not only investigates existing laws and policies but also identifies gaps and potential improvements to ensure that witness and victim protection in combating TPP aligns with principles of dignified justice. The aim is to contribute significantly to developing a more effective, fair, and rights-sensitive judicial system in Indonesia.
 Highlights:
 
 Law Enforcement Gaps: Limited awareness and resources in protecting victims' rights.
 Legal and International Hurdles: Challenges in TPP case handling and cross-border cooperation.
 Rights Balance: Need for equilibrium between victim protection and defendant fairness.
 
 Keywords: Human Trafficking, Witness Protection, Legal Framework, Indonesia, Rights of Victims

Patterns and The Role of The Government in Preventing Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking is an iceberg phenomenon that is growing all over the world including in Indonesia. Indonesia is a tier 2 surveillance country because human trafficking cases are still high and one of the regions contributing to human trafficking cases is East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out how pattern of human trafficking in East Lombok and the role of the East Lombok Regency government in preventing human trafficking. The results showed that first, pattern human trafficking in East Lombok Regency which starts from the recruitment process carried out by neighbors, family, friends, and people who first go abroad, document forgery and manipulation of victims' data are made outside the East Lombok Regency area, and the departure process is relay and departure is not from East Lombok Regency but from the area where the documents are made. Second, the role of the East Lombok Regency Government for prevent human trafficking by conducting scheduled socialization in villages/villages that are vulnerable to human trafficking victims, forming Productive Migrant Villages, and providing training to retired migrant workers/families by forming novice business heroes. However, the Government's efforts to prevent human trafficking have not been maximized and effective due to the lack of coordination between related institutions and public awareness of the dangers of trafficking in persons.

Naming, Blaming, and Claiming: Understanding Human Trafficking Victims’ Nondisclosure and Non-Reporting Behavior

ABSTRACTDespite efforts to combat human trafficking, most instances remain unacknowledged and unidentified. Through in-depth interviews with human trafficking survivors, this research uses a naming, blaming, and claiming framework to provide a comprehensive understanding of why human trafficking victims often do not disclose their victimization. Consistent with this framework, the interviews reveal that human trafficking victims face barriers in naming their victimization, blaming the offender, and making claims of victimization. The current study provides policy and practical implications for better identifying and responding to cases of human trafficking.

Alienation and Activism: Pursuing Justice in the Human Trafficking Cases of Cyntoia Brown and Jeffrey Epstein

Alienation and Activism: Pursuing Justice in the Human Trafficking Cases of Cyntoia Brown and Jeffrey Epstein

Ethical and policy considerations for organ trafficking and transplant tourism: Based on the UK's first international case of human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal

AbstractThis study examines the UK's May 2023 judgment in an international organ trafficking and organ tourism case. Human trafficking for organ removal is one of the least understood but growing forms of trafficking worldwide. Countries in the Middle East, Asia, and the Americas are often widely criticized by the international transplant community as sites for organ trafficking. However, we believe that when discussing this issue, it is not just these areas that need to be addressed. What is particularly special is that this case not only involves transnational human trafficking, organ trafficking, and illegal organ transplantation interest chains but also involves the participation of national political officials and complex social and humanistic factors. This article focuses on the current ethical and policy issues involved in organ transplant tourism and organ trafficking and analyzes the implications of this case for our country's donation and transplantation work.

Experiences of Faith-Based Organizations as Key Stakeholders in Policy Responses to Human Trafficking

Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are substantially involved in the anti-human trafficking movement. Yet, limited research is available on their crucial roles in the field. This study explored their input in anti-trafficking policy implementation in the US by examining their motivations to engage in anti-human trafficking work, their distinctive competencies as stakeholders, and their experiences and challenges in providing anti-human trafficking services. A purposive sample of 16 leaders from 14 FBOs with anti-human trafficking work experience was recruited. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The findings showed that FBOs have experience in various aspects of prevention, protection, and even assistance in prosecuting human trafficking cases and at multiple levels of intervention. The distinctive capacities of FBOs for policy advocacy, training, and housing services for trafficking survivors provide a glimpse of their leading roles in human trafficking policy implementation. Operating primarily outside public funding allows FBOs to develop short-term and long-term services for trafficking survivors without time constraints. The FBOs in the study reported using a non-discriminatory, survivor-centered, and trauma-informed approach in their anti-human trafficking service delivery. All the respondents in the study concurred that efforts by any FBOs to convert trafficking survivors to a particular faith are unethical and counterproductive. The implications for practice, policy implementation, and research are discussed.