Human Thinking Process Research Articles

A comprehensive study in finding the risk assessment using a fuzzy analytical hierarchal model in textile industry: A case study

This paper explains a procedure for developing a fuzzy analytical hierarchical process for a complete risk assessment in a textile industry. Risk assessment is a technique for identifying and measuring risk resulting from a specific work or event. We are using a safety model that characteristics aspects of human knowledge and thinking process for this risk assessment. The safety model uses a fuzzy logic approach employing IF-THEN guidelines. In the case study application, safety factors causing risks are weighted with triangular fuzzy numbers. These safety factors are assessed in light of framework by utilizing triangular fuzzy weights and fuzzy linguistic variables. The results are evaluated on the pairwise comparisons matrices of safety criteria with another criterion. These performance results indicate that this strategy is providing a satisfactory risk assessment value of hazards causes and relevant improvement strategies

Природа символов, принципы их исследования в сознании и особенности символьного восприятия курсантов Московского университета МВД России им. В.Я. Кикотя

The article deals with the nature of the symbol, its influence on the perception, thinking and consciousness of man. Relevance of the use of such knowledge in the educational process of cadets of the Moscow University named after V. J. Kikot. In parallel, the properties of the object of study - a symbol for possible further clarification of the basic concept of the symbol and its consideration in the structure of symbolic perception and thinking of man. The subject of the study is the study of the properties of symbols of their compatibility, the search for symbolic correlations. For this purpose the research methodology based on the intersection of several social and psychological classifications, such scientists as G. Spencer, J. G. was outlined. Meade, K. G. Jung. Based on this technique, a pilot psychological test was developed and conducted, the results of which were the basis for some important theoretical interpretations. 
 The novelty of the study lies in the interpretation of symbol and symbolic thinking (as opposed to the concept and logical thinking) more widely. This system combines the processes of perception, thinking conscious and subconscious processes. As an example, we can speculatively assume that building a chain of monotonous (for some reason, not always having logical connections) symbols can be considered thinking processes different from classical logic. The explanation of the processes of human thinking through the symbolic structure of consciousness can more accurately describe the motives and actions of a person in a particular situation.
 The results of this study can be included in seminars on the disciplines of Psychology in the activities of police officers, Socio-psychological training of professional communication, a Workshop on the psychology of communication.

Bayes Theorem and Forward Chaining Method On Expert System for Determine Hypercholesterolemia Drugs

The development of technology capable to imitating the process of human thinking and led to a new branch of computer science named the expert system. One of the problem that can be solved by an expert system is selecting hypercholesterolemia drugs. Drug selection starts from find the symptoms and then determine the best drug for the patient. This is consist with the mechanism of forward chaining which starts from searching for information about the symptoms, and then try to illustrate the conclusions. To accommodate the missing fact, expert systems can be complemented with the Bayes theorem that provides a simple rule for calculating the conditional probability so the accuracy of the method approaches the accuracy of the experts. This reseacrh uses 30 training data and 76 testing data of medical record that use hypercholesterolemia drugs from Tugurejo Hospital of Semarang. The variable are common symptoms and some hypercholesterolemia drugs. This research obtained a selection of hypercholesterolemia drugs system with 96.05% accuracy

Prinsip – Prinsip Pengembangan Kurikulum dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran

Education occupies a very strategic position in realizing the process of maturity and human thinking. Given the importance of education for human life, education must be carried out as well as possible. To achieve the educational goals, a curriculum is needed as one of the tools and guidelines in achieving educational goals. The curriculum is a device that is inseparable from the operation of education itself, because the preparation of the curriculum is spelled out from certain educational theories. This means that the curriculum is seen as a concrete plan in the application of educational theory. In the development of an educational curriculum must follow the principles of curriculum development that are in harmony with human nature and directed to achieve the ultimate goal of education. The curriculum should pay attention to the periodization of the development of students and maintain the needs of the community and their organizations not contradictory and not cause conflict. Effective curriculum and curriculum that pay attention to the level of development of students. Curriculum development is one of the efforts made to achieve educational goals, one of which is to improve the quality of learning

과학 교재의 수사학 : 『소리와 음악(Sound and Music)』의 서사 분석

Analyzing the rhetoric of a scientific text is based on the recognition that science communicates by employing the language. The paper intends to show that the narrative analysis which has been tried in analyzing general texts in rhetoric are appropriate and beneficial in analyzing scientific textbooks, too. Sedley Taylor’s Sound and Music which was widely used as textbook for teaching music students in the late nineteenth century is an object suitable for rhetorically analyzing how the effort to teach nonexperts the basis of science was made. The range of analyzing scientific educational texts has been extended by extensively recognizing the narrative as activities including human life and thinking process. According to the criteria of Water Fishers narrative rationality, the textbook satisfies the structural and material coherence through selecting and arranging appropriate contents as well as the characteristic coherence through providing contents while considering the features of readers who are to work for music but lacking in scientific knowledge. It mobilizes the narrative reliability by relying on reasoning and experiment as well as the authority of Helmholtz, a superb expert of acoustics at that time. However, it exposes the lack of narrative truthfulness by the misunderstanding of Helmholtzs theory of consonance and dissonance.

KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA MTs

The reasoning is the ability to find a way to get the truth. In terminology, logic is the science that governs the process of human thinking so that the results presented can reach the truth. So it can be concluded also that by reasoning, humans can make an argument that is absolute and can be accepted by others through logical thinking. This research was conducted to determine the mathematical reasoning ability of MTs class 8 students on Triangle and Quadrilateral material based on indicators of mathematical reasoning ability that is to draw a logical conclusion and compose an argument, analogical reasoning, transductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, generalization and estimate answers, solutions or tendency with non-routine troubleshooting. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data to be analyzed is qualitative data in the form of written and oral answers obtained from the written test. This research was conducted in MTs PPI 38 Padalarang with the subject of this research is class VIII-A which amounted to 31 people. Based on the results of research, students' mathematical reasoning abilities on MTs PPI 38 Padalarang are classified as sufficient. This is because there are some reasoning indicators that still need to be improved especially on analytical reasoning and generalization indicator as stated in the table which has been described.

Opioïdes et risques addictifs, comment les prévenir ? Questions posées aux Dr S. Robinet, Dr C. Lucas, Dr J. Bernard et Pr N. Franchitto

Decision trees are highly favoured classifiers because of the resemblance of their understandable nature to the branched process of human thinking. But the comprehensible rationality of these trees can be severely affected by the bias in the selection of the split attribute, and the traditional heuristic methods appear to be multi-value. The present paper proposes an attribute selection method for nodes on the basis of the concept model of decision trees in purpose of avoiding the heuristic bias of attribute measurement and improving the performance of decision trees. The probabilistic statistics form is used to define and express the concept model extracted from the given data of things and created by associated certainty of classes distribution and branches distribution to fulfil certainty description of tree. And class constraint uncertainty (CCE) is used as a heuristic measure in the induction of tree to select the split attribute while the processing of the missing branch as an auxiliary leaf measure to construct a novel algorithm of decision tree learning. Experimental findings show that CCE is effective as a heuristic measure to avoid the bias in the selection of the multi-value attribute to all datasets and improve the performance and stability of the decision trees.

Predicting the Level of Emotion by Means of Indonesian Speech Signal

Understanding human emotion is of importance for developing better and facilitating smooth interpersonal relations. It becomes much more important because human thinking process and behavior are strongly influenced by the emotion. Align with these needs, an expert system that capable of predicting the emotion state would be useful for many practical applications. Based on a speech signal, the system has been widely developed for various languages. This study intends to evaluate to which extent Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features, besides Teager energy feature, derived from Indonesian speech signal relates to four emotional types: happy, sad, angry, and fear. The study utilizes empirical data of nearly 300 speech signals collected from four amateur actors and actresses speaking 15 prescribed Indonesian sentences. Using support vector machine classifier, the empirical findings suggest that the Teager energy, as well as the first coefficient of MFCCs, are a crucial feature and the prediction can achieve the accuracy level of 86%. The accuracy increases quickly with a few initial MFCC features. The fourth and more features have negligible effects on the accuracy.

Shift-Life Interactive Art: Mixed-Reality Artificial Ecosystem Simulation

This article presents a detailed design, development, and implementation of a Mixed Reality Art-Science collaboration project which was exhibited during Darwin’s bicentenary exhibition at Shrewsbury, England. As an artist-led project the concerns of the artist were paramount, and this article presents Shift-Life as part of an ongoing exploration into the parallels between the nonlinear human thinking process and computation using semantic association to link items into ideas, and ideas into holistic concepts. Our art explores perceptions and states of mind as we move our attention between the simulated world of the computer and the real world we inhabit, which means that any viewer engagement is participatory rather than passive. From a Mixed Reality point of view, the lead author intends to explore the convergence of the physical and virtual, therefore the formalization of the Mixed Reality system, focusing on the integration of artificial life, ecology, physical sensors, and participant interaction through an interface of physical props. It is common for digital media artists to allow viewers to activate a work either through a computer screen via direct keyboard or mouse manipulation, or through immersive means. For “Shift-Life” the artist was concerned with a direct “relational” approach where viewers would intuitively engage with the installation’s everyday objects, and with each other, to fully experience the piece. The Mixed Reality system is mediated via physical environmental sensors, which affect the virtual environment and autonomous agents, which in turn reacts and is expressed as virtual pixels projected onto a physical surface. The tangible hands-on interface proved to be instinctive, attractive, and informative on many levels, delivering a good example of collaboration between the arts and science.

English

In recent years, artificial intelligence applications for understanding the human thinking process and transferring it to virtual environments come into prominence. The fuzzy logic which paves the way for modeling human behaviors and expressing even vague concepts mathematically, and is also regarded as an artificial intelligence technique has become one of the most preferred methods in the solution of decision problems. Numerous decision-making situations are faced in education as well. Particularly, it is rather challenging and requires experience to decide in a fair way and assessing students' performances without making any error in the process of assessment and evaluation. The purpose of the current study is to assess students' performance with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), one of the multi-criteria decision making methods based on the fuzzy logic approach. The formation of the proposed system on the basis of fuzzy set theory determines that it can provide benefits in modeling these ambiguities in human mental processes and also it can reach fairer, more sensitive and objective results. Being used especially in making important decisions in companies and in developing smart vehicles in engineering, FAHP methods have brought into question whether this method can be used in education or not. This study reveals that FAHP method can be used in the evaluation of students' projects in education. Key words: Performance evaluation, fuzzy multi criteria decision making methods.

Attribute selection for decision tree learning with class constraint

Decision trees are highly favoured classifiers because of the resemblance of their understandable nature to the branched process of human thinking. But the comprehensible rationality of these trees can be severely affected by the bias in the selection of the split attribute, and the traditional heuristic methods appear to be multi-value. The present paper proposes an attribute selection method for nodes on the basis of the concept model of decision trees in purpose of avoiding the heuristic bias of attribute measurement and improving the performance of decision trees. The probabilistic statistics form is used to define and express the concept model extracted from the given data of things and created by associated certainty of classes distribution and branches distribution to fulfil certainty description of tree. And class constraint uncertainty (CCE) is used as a heuristic measure in the induction of tree to select the split attribute while the processing of the missing branch as an auxiliary leaf measure to construct a novel algorithm of decision tree learning. Experimental findings show that CCE is effective as a heuristic measure to avoid the bias in the selection of the multi-value attribute to all datasets and improve the performance and stability of the decision trees.

Novel Observer Scheme of Fuzzy-MRAS Sensorless Speed Control of Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents a novel approach Fuzzy-MRAS conception for robust accurate tracking of induction motor drive operating in a high-performance drives environment. Of the different methods for sensorless control of induction motor drive the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) finds lot of attention due to its good performance. The analysis of the sensorless vector control system using MRAS is presented and the resistance parameters variations and speed observer using new Fuzzy Self-Tuning adaptive IP Controller is proposed. In fact, fuzzy logic is reminiscent of human thinking processes and natural language enabling decisions to be made based on vague information. The present approach helps to achieve a good dynamic response, disturbance rejection and low to plant parameter variations of the induction motor. In order to verify the performances of the proposed observer and control algorithms and to test behaviour of the controlled system, numerical simulation is achieved. Simulation results are presented and discussed to shown the validity and the performance of the proposed observer.

SISR: System for integrating semantic relatedness and similarity measures

Semantic similarity and relatedness measures have increasingly become core elements in the recent research within the semantic technology community. Nowadays, the search for efficient meaning-centered applications that exploit computational semantics has become a necessity. Researchers, have therefore, become increasingly interested in the development of a model that can simulate the human thinking process and capable of measuring semantic similarity/relatedness between lexical terms, including concepts and words. Knowledge resources are fundamental to quantify semantic similarity or relatedness and achieve the best expression for the semantics content. No fully developed system that is able to centralize these approaches is currently available for the research and industrial communities. In this paper, we propose a System for Integrating Semantic Relatedness and similarity measures, SISR, which aims to provide a variety of tools for computing the semantic similarity and relatedness. This system is the first to treat the topic of computing semantic relatedness with a view of integrating different key stakeholders in a parameterized way. As an instance of the proposed architecture, we propose WNetSS which is a Java API allowing the use of a wide WordNet-based semantic similarity measures pertaining to different categories including taxonomic-based, features-based and IC-based measures. It is the first API that allows the extraction of the topological parameters from the WordNet “is a” taxonomy which are used to express the semantics of concepts. Moreover, an evaluation module is proposed to assess the reproducibility of the measures accuracy that can be evaluated according to 10 widely used benchmarks through the correlations coefficients.

KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA BALI PADA KALANGAN REMAJA DI DESA PAKRAMAN PERAUPAN DENPASAR

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>In globalization era, language has an important place to build teenager</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> orientation. Language could show someone and nation characteristic.</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> Language is not only as a communication, but also as a processof human</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> thinking to comprehend something objectively and imaginatively. It could show</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> every aspect of human life. In addition, without language people will be</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> noiseless and will die in the silent. One way to conserve Balinese language is</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> increase teenager’s interst. According to the explanation above, the problems</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> in this research can be formulated as follows ; 1) how is the Balinese teenager’s</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> ability in using Balinese language in Peraupan Denpasar Village? 2) what are</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> the factors that affect Balinese teenager’s ability in using Balinese language in</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> Peraupan Denpasar village? 3) what are the efforts that can be used to increase</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> Balinese teenager’s ability in using Balinese language in Peraupan Denpasar</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> village?. Theories that was used in this research were sociolinguistics theory,</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> language attitude theory, social changes theory and learning motivation theory.</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> This research used some data collection techniques, such as observation,</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> interview and literature. Data which have been collected was proceed and</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> analysed by using qualitative descriptive method. The result of this research</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> showed that as follows; 1) Balinese teenager’s ability in using Balinese in</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> Peraupan Denpasar village is still low if it is connected to sor singgih, 2) the</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> factors that that can affect Balinese teenager’s ability in using Balinese</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> language in Peraupan Denpasar village are technology, environment, and the</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> difficulties of Balinese language also less of tools and infrastructure, 3) the</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> efforts that could be done to solve the problem are making a contest, doing</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> pasraman activity, using Balinese language (sor singgih) in meeting, upgrading</em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em> parents role, an upgrading school role.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

The theory of information images: Modeling based on diffusion equations

This work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interactions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images (II). It also demonstrates how important it is to choose the models type adequate to the systems under research. It also introduces an explication of the possibility to create the model of information and communication interactions that can illustrate transmission of information between two and more individuals. Methods and approaches suggested in this paper allow us to compare different levels of the described processes depending on the chosen architecture of the model; the methods and approaches mentioned in the current work can be also used to simulate the processes of distortion and generation of information images while information and communication social interaction. Expansion and addition of information images theory in terms of transmission of information among individuals enables us to speak about the space of individual II. The existence of such a space and creation of correct formalized model help us to explain a number of characteristic phenomena of human thinking processes. As a result of this research, the authors introduce an equation that describes the spatial and structural evolution of individual II. There is also an example of modeling on the basis of this theory taking into account the results of the experiment (bilingual Stroop test).

Modeling of Communicative Individual Interactions Through the Theory of Information Images

The current work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interactions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images. It also introduces an explication of the possibility to create the model of information and communication interactions that can illustrate transmission of information between two and more individuals. Methods and approaches suggested in the current work are able to simulate the processes of distortion and generation of information images while information and communication social interaction. Expansion and addition of information images theory in terms of transmission of information among individuals enables us to speak about the space of individual information images. The existence of such a space and creation of correct formalized model help us to explain a number of characteristic phenomena of human thinking processes. As a result of the current research, the authors introduce an equation that describes the spatial and structural evolution of individual information images.

Ilmu Sebagai Prosedur (Metode Memperoleh Pengetahuan Ilmiah)

<span><em>Knowledge always develops from the beginning until now. It is appears </em><span><em>immediately along with the process of human thinking. At fist knowledge is </em><span><em>gained by the way of informal process of thinking, not related with existing </em><span><em>methods. Then various changes have been done by fiures that appear</em><br /><span><em>after doing organized towards knowledge that found by them. In the next </em><span><em>development, human being makes knowledge as the result of thinking which </em><span><em>is defiitely scientifi and is appropriate with procedure of human thinking</em><br /><span><em>that mentioned in the rules of the syllogism think. From several methods </em><span><em>of obtaining knowledge, among of them are rasionaslime method, empiric, </em><span><em>phenomenalism, intusionalism, and scientifi method, while elements in</em><br /><span><em>the scientifi method as scientifi research among other through several </em><span><em>procedures, such as formulation of problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing </em><span><em>a hypothesis with empirical fact, and making a decision.</em><br /><span><strong>Keywords </strong><span><em>: Science, Procedure, Knowledge, and Scientifi Method.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span>

Hyponymy Graph Model for Word Semantic Similarity Measurement

Measuring word semantic similarity is a generic problem with a broad range of applications such as ontology mapping, computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. Previous approaches to computing word semantic similarity did not consider concept occurrence frequency and word’s sense number. This paper introduced Hyponymy graph, and based on which proposed a novel word semantic similarity model. For two words to be compared, we first retrieve their related concepts; then produce lowest common ancestor matrix and distance matrix between concepts; finally calculate distance-based similarity and information-based similarity, which are integrated to get final semantic similarity. The main contribution of our method is that both concept occurrence frequency and word’s sense number are taken into account. This similarity measurement more closely fits with human rating and effectively simulates human thinking process. Our experimental results on benchmark dataset M&C and R&G with WordNet2.1 as platform demonstrate roughly 0.9%–1.2% improvements over existing best approaches.

“He Lifted Up His Eyes” : Translating Luke 16:23 in the Context of Cognitive Interpretation

This article investigates the meaning of the expression ?π?ρ?ν το?? ??θαλμο?? α?το? (“he lifted up his eyes”) in Luke 16:23. This Septuagintalism, which Luke uses in the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luk 16:19-31), can be translated either as simply “look at” or with reference to a spatial difference between these two people. Although many Bible translations prefer indicating its spatial aspect, commentators are divided on this issue. The fact of such an ambiguity raises the question again, whether Luke uses “he lifted up his eyes” intentionally in 16:23 or simply as a conventional expression? Discussing this question the present article uses not only a traditio-historical enquiry and textual analysis, but also Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. CMT argues that metaphor is an integral part of the process of human thinking and acting. Moreover, metaphor allows us to comprehend supernatural realities in terms of human everyday or embodied experience, reflecting our physical characteristics and bodily interactions with the world in the form of image-schemas, i.e., pre-conceptual, structural primitives (Up-Down, Inside-Outside, Near-Far, Center-Periphery, Container). Indeed, the spatial organization of the otherworld in Luke 16:19-31 is connected with the conceptual orientational metaphorization centered in embodied experience and involves four cognitive image-schemas organizing the spatial contrast: Up-Down, Inside-Outside, Center-Periphery, and Container. The difference between the rich man and Lazarus in their social position and honor as well as in their postmortem state is marked by the spatial distinction between them throughout the whole parable. The spatial difference between their postmortem positions marks their difference in their afterlife status: the lower and more peripheral or remote position corresponds to the worse fate and humiliated condition, while the higher and more central position designates the honorable and exalted state. Thus, in this parable the righteous and the wicked are separated in altitude and distance in the afterlife. Therefore, it is suggested that Luke uses the expression “he lifted up his eyes” in Luke 16:23 intentionally, in order to emphasize the spatial differentiation between the abode of the righteous and that of the wicked.

Toward a Cultural-Historical Perspective on the Selection Task

Independently of their age, individuals produce weak logical responses when they solve the Wason selection task. Many studies describe conditional reasoning, focusing on intra-individual and general processes. The role of meaning attributed to the situation or the linguistic interpretation of the rules have nevertheless been stressed by pragmatic studies. Few scattered studies show the role of collective situations, of subjects' prior knowledge and of objects in solving the selection task. This paper goes back to the questions raised by the selection task and attempts to place past results into a cultural-historical theoretical framework, which defines a complex and evolving cognitive system, where human beings rely on social exchanges, equip themselves with cultural instruments, create intellectual tools, and give meaning to their experiences. Taking into account such a system is necessary to shed light upon the possibilities for the development of human thinking processes in order to solve selection tasks.